Looking for trial lecture notes for Chinese teachers

The first lesson

1. Import

Huangzhou in the Song Dynasty is today’s Huanggang, Hubei. There is a scenic spot on the bank of the Yangtze River in the northwest of Huanggang. There stands a reddish-brown cliff. Because its shape is somewhat like a nose, people call it Chihuoji; and because the cliff is as steep as a wall, it is also called Red Cliff. In the first year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi suffered political persecution and was demoted to Huangzhou for two years. "The Yangtze River is surrounded by beautiful fish, and the mountains with good bamboos feel the fragrance of bamboo shoots." The fresh fish in the water, the new bamboo shoots in the mountains, and all the scenery in the river city brought great comfort to the politically frustrated Su Shi. At that time, he once stood on the red cliff by the river, looked at the picturesque mountains and rivers, and sang the bold song "The great river goes eastward". On a quiet night on July 16th, he took a boat ride on the Yangtze River under Red Cliff and wrote the eternal masterpiece "Ode to Red Cliff".

2. Author's background and solution

Su Shi was born in a relatively poor family of scholars. He has been well-educated in literature since his childhood, especially under the influence of his father Su Xun. He studied classics and history in his early years. "Thousands of words are written every day";. In the second year of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (l057), Su Shizhong entered the earth at the age of 21. In the sixth year of Jiatuo, he was awarded the Dali Temple judge to sign the official document of the Fengxiang Mansion Judge's Hall, and thus embarked on the journey.

At this time, the Northern Song Dynasty was poor and weak, with internal and external troubles, and many crises. A large number of literati and officials with political ambitions and a sense of social responsibility demanded reforms, and young Su Wu also actively participated. Among them, he wrote many times and made suggestions on "enriching wealth", "strengthening the army" and "selecting officials", but he did not realize it because of his political opinion that he hoped to adopt a moderate attitude towards reform and his scholarly spirit. At that time, the powerful annexation of land brought about an opposition crisis. Therefore, when Wang Anshi implemented the new law in the early years of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Su Wu tended to the old party headed by Sima Guang to oppose the new law. As a result, he was involved in the vortex of upper-level political struggle and became a power change within the ruling group.

In the second year of Yuanfeng of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty (1079), Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for the "Wutai Poetry Case" (which was actually taken out of context by the admonishers Li Ding, Shu Shan and He Zhengchen). He excerpted his poems that satirized the new law and framed him. "Wutai" refers to the imperial envoy's office, see below for details.) He was later rescued by Su Zhe and others and was released from prison. He was demoted to the deputy envoy of the Manchurian Tuanlian in the "Wutai Poetry Case". "The exile to Huangzhou was an important turning point in Su Shi's life. He was politically frustrated and panicked, and mentally lonely and depressed. However, the poet, who was open-minded by nature, found relief in the Zen of Lao and Zhuang Buddhism and the joy of mountains and rivers, and called himself "Dongpo Lay Scholar". He also wrote famous works such as "Niannujiao? Chibi Nostalgic", "Previous Chibi Ode" and "Post Chibi Ode" that are full of philosophical meaning and condensed life thinking.

Wutai Poetry Case

(Su Shi) He also dared not speak out about things that were inconvenient for the people, so he used poems to ridicule them, and the common people benefited the country. ① He was slandered by the poem written by the matchmaker, and was arrested and sent to Taiwan prison. ③ He wanted to put him to death, but he was not determined for a long time. Shenzong only took pity on him, and (in October) he was placed with Shi and Tianfu as deputy envoys of Huangzhou Tuanlian. Ye Laoxiang built a house in Dongpo from Xishan, and named himself Dongpo Jushi ("History of the Song Dynasty")

① Refers to the words "cannot accompany Xinjin" in "Huzhou Xie Shangbiao". ② It refers to the verses of "Reading thousands of books without reading the rules will lead to Jun Shun having no skills", "How can I forget the taste after hearing Shao, and I will eat without salt for three months", etc. ③ It means Yushitai Prison is surrounded by plants. There are thousands of cypress trees, commonly known as Wutai and Baitai.

When Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty came to the throne, Empress Dowager Gao listened behind the curtain, and the political situation changed. The new party lost power and the old party took power. Su Shi was recalled to serve as Hanlin. Bachelor's degree; his many years as a local official allowed him to see some of the benefits of the new law and implement it in practice. When the old party wanted to abolish all new laws, he stepped forward and advocated "taking advantage of the strengths" of the new laws. Therefore, he was falsely accused as "Wang Anshi's second" and was excluded. After Zhezong came to power, the new party came to power again, and the poet, who was nearly sixty years old, was demoted to Huizhou, Lingnan, and then to Danzhou, Hainan, on the grounds that the poet had been attached to the old party.

In 1100 AD, when Huizong came to the throne, Su Shi finally met his pardon and returned to the north. He died in Changzhou in July of the following year.

Two months before his death, the poet wrote in "Self-titled Portrait of Jinshan" that "the heart seems to be ashes, and the body is like a boat without ties. I ask about my life's achievements, Huangzhou, Huizhou and Danzhou", which is quite a bit of a hero and a beauty at the end of his life. The feeling of emptiness and desolation in the late evening.

Throughout his life, Su Shi not only adhered to the personality ideal of a scholar-official with a sense of social responsibility who actively participated in the world, was upright and abided by his beliefs, but also maintained his cultural pursuit of transcending the world and pursuing an artistic realm of life and spiritual realm. Highly harmonious. Countless turmoils in officialdom and setbacks in life have forged the poet's grand and broad-minded mind - especially when we read his works of this period, can we get more insights into life and philosophical thinking?

About "Fu":

Fu is a literary style in ancient my country, which has the characteristics of poetry and prose. It is characterized by "using Chi's prose and writing about objects," focusing on describing scenes and expressing emotions through scenes. "Sao Fu" represented by Qu Yuan, "Ci Fu" represented by the Han Dynasty, "parallel Fu" after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty changed from parallel style to "Lv Fu", and the Song Dynasty wrote it in prose form, called "Wen Fu" . The famous ones include Du Mu's "Afang Palace Fu", Ouyang Xiu's "Qiu Sheng Fu", and Su Shi's "Red Cliff Fu". Su Shi's "Red Cliff Ode" got rid of the flashy and rhetorical writing style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and closely focused on his own "ambition" and pursued the true feelings and scenes. Although there is not much description of the scenery in this article, the artistic conception is real and fresh, the description of the scenery is beautiful and natural, and the emotions expressed are sincere and simple. The creative style reached a level of perfection and became an immortal masterpiece.

3. The teacher recites the full text to music, requiring you to hear the pronunciation of the words, the rhythm, and the teacher's handling of the emotional changes in the article.

renrenxū belongs to zhǔkeyao yǎo窕tiǎo feng píngxuyufenggui湹zhào leans on the song and harmonizes hè 愀qiǎoran舳zhú舻lú mountains and rivers are in harmony liáo 酾shīwine horizontal shuò fishermen and woodcutter qiáo 江渚zhǔ 匏páo樽蜉fúfly

Pay attention to the following points when guiding reading: 1. Read out the stress. For example, "The lurking dragon dances in the secluded ravine, and the concubine weeps in the lonely boat", the verb is emphasized; "Sorrow for the brief moment of my life, admire the infinity of the Yangtze River", "Carry the flying immortals to travel, embrace the bright moon and live forever", the rhyme is emphasized; The doubtful words "Now I am safe" and "How can I envy you?" are emphasized. 2. Read the rhythm. For example: Kuang/I and my son//we are fishing and woodcutting /// above the river Zhu, and Gaijiang/is observing its changes//. 3. Read the momentum. For example, "Fang Qi broke through Jingzhou, went down to Dongling, and followed the river to the east. (The pause is smaller and the speed of speech is faster) The boat is thousands of miles away, the flags cover the sky, the wine is flowing along the river, and the poem is written across the river. Soothing) A hero who has been solid for a lifetime, (pause, grand and heroic, and now he is at peace? (emotions change rapidly, slow and low)." 4. Read the emotions. For example: "Lift the wine to the guests, recite the poem of the bright moon, sing the graceful chapter "How happy it is. "The sound is like complaining, admiring, crying, complaining." How sad. "The cool breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains... But what I and my son are so comfortable with." Broad-minded. "We are sleeping together in the boat, and we don't know how white the east is." The reader carefully understands the rhythm of the words and the soothing weight of the sentences. 4. Read the text aloud and clear the words.

Text Notes:

Riding: rowing, floating, floating. White dew spreads across the river. Covered, shrouded.

Happy: drinking wine, very happy.

Like resentment, crying and complaining. Resentment is like longing, like crying, and like talking.

Dancing in the deep valley, crying in the lonely boat: it can make the dragon hidden in the abyss dance, on the lonely boat. The widow cries. Dance and cry are both verb usages.

Friends with fish and shrimps and elk: taking fish and shrimps as companions, and taking elk as friends, the nouns are used as verbs.

Take the flying immortals to fly, hold the bright moon and live forever: pull the ascending immortals to travel in the universe, hold the bright moon to exist for a long time. With, the conjunction, is the same as "er". Ending means ending with the bright moon, that is, it will exist forever.

Take them without restraint and use them inexhaustibly: possess them without prohibition, use them without end.

Wash the cup and refill the cup: wash the cup and refill the cup.

5. Text Structure and Appreciation

This article describes the beautiful scenery of the moonlit night and the comfortable mood of boating on the river, drinking wine and composing poems, and then plays an extremely resentful tone through the guest's dongxiao, which triggers a reply between the host and the guest. The focus then shifted to the debate on ecological attitudes. The article reveals some negative emotions, but also reflects an open-minded and optimistic spirit. The meaning is implicit but not explicit, the deep feelings are integrated into the description of the scenery, and the sadness and indignation are reflected in the broad-minded style. This is one of the reasons why it became a famous piece.

The full text has five paragraphs:

The first paragraph describes the scene of a night tour of Red Cliff, showing a poetic and picturesque realm: the breeze and the moon interweave, and the dewdrops and water shine. In this clear and beautiful night scene, the host and guest went boating on an autumn night, drinking wine and reciting poems. Surrounded by such beautiful scenery, the author spontaneously feels the joy of "leaving the world behind" and "emerging", and can't help but feel ecstatic. This sets a melodious and harmonious tone for the whole text.

The second paragraph describes the joy of the author drinking and singing and the sad sound of the flute of the guests. When the flute sounds, sadness arises. Sorrow, admiration, crying, complaint, hidden dragon dancing, bride crying, these six metaphors exaggerate the sadness of Xiao Sheng, the subject and the guest are moved by the scene, and change from joy to sadness, which triggers the discussion of the subject and guest question and answer below.

The third paragraph describes the guest’s pessimism about the shortness and impermanence of life. The author uses the method of question and answer to reflect on the present and recall the past, and express his feelings about the world and life. The guests thought of Cao Cao's poems from the bright moon, rivers, and mountains in front of them. All things in the world, heroes and heroes, are just passing smoke, disappearing into ashes with the passage of time, and the wind and waves are gone. Thinking of being relegated to Huangzhou, he couldn't help but feel sad that his youth was wasted.

In the fourth paragraph, the writer puts aside his personal worries and appreciates the wonderful scenery of nature and his open-minded and cheerful mood. "Su Zi"'s answer echoes the scene described in the article, using the bright moon and river as a comparison to illustrate the world. All things and life have both a changing side and an unchanging side. From the perspective of change, all things in the world cannot remain unchanged even in the blink of an eye; from the perspective of immutability, all things and human beings are eternal and unchanged. There is no need to envy infinity and the bright moon, which never increase or decrease. There is no need to lament the shortness of life, but to maintain a broad-minded and optimistic attitude.

In the fifth paragraph, it is written that the guest turned from sadness to joy, the host and guest drank happily, and fell asleep after being exhausted. This ending is meaningful, not only echoing the transcendent joy at the beginning, but also a hint to political opponents: Although I was persecuted and demoted to Huangzhou, my life was good, and I was neither lonely nor distressed. This is actually a protest.

Study the first paragraph:

Thinking: (l) This is a short narrative before the main text of "Fu". How many levels can it be divided into?

(2) What kind of realm does this paragraph show? What's the emotional tone?

Clearly: (l) can be divided into three levels:

①The first sentence points out the time and person. Place. This is the formal style of writing a fu, like a short preface before a long poem.

② In the second and third sentences, the first sentence describes the scene and the second sentence narrates the situation before moonrise.

③The fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh sentences also describe the scene first and then the narrative, describing the situation after moonrise.

(2) This paragraph shows a kind of gathering with friends and boating on the river. The comfort and elegance of drinking fine wine, chanting poems and admiring the moon in the wind are a transcendent realm. The emotional color of this paragraph is mainly joy.

Study the second paragraph

Thinking: (1) How many levels can this paragraph be divided into? What kind of artistic conception is created?

(2) Where does the word "hee" in this paragraph come from, and how is it different from the word "xi" in the previous paragraph?

(3) What does the word "beauty" in the lyrics refer to? What kind of feelings does the song represent?

(4) Where does the "sadness" in this paragraph come from? How does the author describe Xiao Sheng's sadness?

(5) What role does this paragraph play in the structure of the full text?

Clearly: (1) It can be divided into two levels: ① writing about the author’s singing voice ② writing about the guest’s singing voice. This paragraph creates a realm where the host and guest respond to each other’s singing and singing, and the mixture of sorrow and joy.

(2) The "happiness" in this paragraph can be seen from the fact that the owner "drinked and enjoyed himself very much and sang while sitting on the boat". This paragraph is more "happy" than the previous paragraph. Writing this way can create a greater contrast for the lower class to turn to "sadness"

(3) "Beauty" refers to the object of attraction, representing an ideal Pursue. It expresses the author's political sentiments. After being demoted, the author still persists in his persistent attitude towards life and his concern for the political affairs of the court and is unwilling to sink

(4) The "sadness" in this paragraph comes from the guest Sad Xiao Cun. Embodiment: The author uses exaggeration, imagination, fine characterization and vivid metaphors to turn abstraction into concreteness, and express Dongxiao's sad and low-pitched mournful voice very vividly.

(5) Transition

Study the third paragraph

Thinking: (1) What is mainly written in this paragraph? What's the emotional tone?

(2) How did the "guest" understand the feelings at that time? How does this paragraph combine emotion, scene, and reason?

Clearly: (1) The answer written by "guest" in this paragraph illustrates the nostalgia for the past and the sadness of the past, and the emotional color is very sad.

(2) The reason why "guest" is "sad" is that he is saddened by the scene and feels that life is short. The scene in front of us can easily make people think of Cao Cao's poems, and then think of Cao Cao's tragic defeat at Chibi. Such a "hero of a lifetime" disappeared as the "River went eastward", even for those who were promising. What's more, our lives are short and those of us who are ambitious but incompetent envy the eternity of the Yangtze River and lament the shortness of life, showing a negative life. outlook and nihilistic thinking. For literati and officials in feudal society, when they were politically frustrated or encountered setbacks in life, they often fell into such depression and confusion. Although it is a guest language, it actually reflects the negative side of the author's own thoughts.

Through "Guest Says", from the "river" and "bright moon" in front of us, we think of the two heroes Cao Cao and Zhou Yu, which is a description of the scene; and then through their "now peaceful", it reveals the "shortness of life". "Sorrow" is a discussion; it leads to the two people Zeng and Zhou, who realize their own insignificance, and naturally feel "sorrowful for the brief moment of my life, and envious of the infinite Yangtze River", which is lyrical.

The purpose of writing about Cao Cao is not to show that he is a hero. The focus is on the sentence "Now I am safe", in order to highlight the worry that people like him who are both poets and heroes eventually end up in "emptiness". Thinking about sadness; and the contrast in this paragraph is to write about "sadness", not to write about the shortness of life.

What would an average person do when they worry about the shortness and emptiness of life?

Drink and enjoy yourself in time. As Cao Cao said in "Dan Ge Xing": "How to relieve worries? (All sentient beings think together) Only Du Kang!" This is a good way for the ancients to save themselves. After Li Bai lamented that "Heaven and earth are the reverse journey of all things; time is the passerby of hundreds of generations", didn't he go on to say: "Life is like a dream, how much joy can there be? The ancients held candles and traveled at night, which was a good thing."; Another Tang Dynasty poet The poet Wei Zhuang also said: "Don't worry about the spring leakage, don't complain that the gold cup is full. When you meet the wine and laugh, how much can life be!". But Su Shi didn't use this method.

He believes that raising a glass to relieve sorrow will only make the sorrow worse. As the saying goes, "A disease of the heart requires medicine from the heart." If you want real relief from mental depression, you can only seek your own philosophical "relief". Therefore, although he expressed it in the words of a guest, Although the drunkard's intention is not to promote this pessimistic view, but to follow the Fu family's method of "suppressing the guest and advocating the master", striving to clarify the principle of change and change in all things, transcending useless pessimism, relying on With the use of philosophical weapons, his spiritual world has shifted to a newer realm. Therefore, the "sadness" in the article is not inconsistent with the bold style.

Study the fourth paragraph

Thinking: (1) What is the main content of this paragraph? What's the emotional tone?

(2) How does the author explain his life insights?

(3) How to evaluate the author’s point of view?

Clearly: (l) The emotion in this paragraph turns into joy. It mainly writes about the views of Su Zi's critics and explains his own life insights.

(2) Su Zi’s answer echoes the scene description and guest’s joke at the beginning of the article, using the bright moon and the river as comparisons to illustrate that everything in the world and life have both a changing side and an unchanging side. . From the perspective of change, all things in the world cannot remain unchanged even in the blink of an eye; and from the perspective of change, all things and human beings exist forever. There is no need to envy the infinity of the Yangtze River and the never-ending increase or decrease of the bright moon. , there is no need to lament the shortness of life. We should put less emphasis on material things and more emphasis on spirit, be persistent in our own immortal career, and maintain a calm and detached mentality and an optimistic and broad-minded mood.

(3) Some of the author's language can easily be misunderstood as carpe diem, but this idea is not directly reflected in the article. The author's stated point of view is that he hopes that a person will not moan for no reason. Don't pursue a realm that seems otherworldly but is actually unrealistic and fantasy; instead, adapt to reality and revel in the embrace of nature in this peaceful and comfortable environment. This view of the author contains a certain degree of rationality, because the author does not agree to view the problem in absolute terms and pays attention to the dialectical relationship between opposite and complementary things. But this view is not scientific, because the author follows Zhuangzi’s relativistic view, denies objective standards for measuring things, and obliterates the actual boundaries between matter and quantity. In short, in the context of the time, the author's point of view is still positive.

How do you explain that you don’t have to envy the infinity of the universe?

From the perspective of "change and immutability", from the perspective of change, the heaven, earth and universe are also ever-changing, just like water and the moon. The river keeps flowing day and night, and the moon keeps changing from waning to waxing. ; From an unchanging perspective, I and all things are eternal. A discussion using water and the moon as metaphors shows the influence of Zen Buddhism on Su Shi. He believes that as an individual, life is short, but he participates in the life activities of the entire human race, and as the entire human race, it exists eternally like the universe. This view of "the identity of things and myself" illustrates Su Shi's affirmation of life and his love for life. Nature is an infinite treasure that can serve as people's spiritual sustenance. Therefore, Su Shi believes that people should not take what should be taken from all things in nature, but should take what should be taken. There is no need to envy the "infinity" just because of the "moment of my life", but to make the infinite natural things be enjoyed by "my life" and derive pleasure from them. This discussion finally returned to "happiness".

Study the fifth paragraph

Think: (l) What is the emotional tone of this paragraph? What did you mainly write about?

(2) What is the profound meaning of this ending?

(3) Based on the full text, how should we understand the "host" and "guest" in the text?

Clearly: (1) The emotional color of this paragraph is "Lv", which reflects the transcendental joy at the beginning. It mainly writes that after listening to Su Zi's words, the guests feel relieved physically and mentally, and the host and guest drink happily and fall asleep happily.

(2) This ending is a hint to political opponents: Although I was persecuted and demoted to Huangzhou, my life was good, and I was neither lonely nor distressed. This is actually a protest.

(3) "Subject" and "guest" are actually one, reflecting the author's inner positive and negative mentality respectively.

6. Summary

The text describes the beautiful scenery of the moonlit night and the comfortable mood of rafting on the river, drinking wine and composing poems. Then it plays an extremely resentful tone through the guest's cave, triggering a question and answer between the host and the guest, and then shifts to about life. In the debate on attitude issues, he writes about the rise and fall of historical figures and the "sadness" of reality's depression, elucidates the principles of change and immutability, in order to seek relief, and finally returns to open-minded optimism. It shows the author's "joy-sad-joy" Emotional changes. This is also the emotional clue of the text. The meaning is hidden in the text, and the deep emotions are integrated into the description of the scenery.

Art appreciation.

1. Scenery, lyricism, and discussion are closely integrated.

Whether it is lyrical or discussion, the scenery on the river and the story of Red Cliff are always inseparable. This creates a sense of emotion, scenery, and reason. It is an artistic realm that is full of poetry and painting but also contains the philosophy of life. The first paragraph focuses on describing the scene, which complements the author's detached and broad-minded state of mind, and also lays the foundation for the following lyricism and discussion. By tracing historical traces and expressing historical figures, it shows the philosophy of "change" and "immutability" in life and the world.

2. The genre form of "using literature as poetry".

This article not only retains the poetic characteristics and charm of the traditional fu style, but also absorbs the style and techniques of prose, breaking the constraints of fu in terms of sentence structure, rhyme and pot, and more Most of it is composed of prose, which makes the article have the deep emotional charm of poetry and the thorough reasoning of prose. The style and tone of the prose make the whole article full of emotions, like the "fountain of Vanke" gushing out. Different from Fu's emphasis on neatness, its writing is more free. For example, the opening paragraph "In the autumn of Rencheng, in July, Su Zi and his guests went boating under Red Cliff", all of which are scattered sentences, but there is orderliness in them; from the following to the end, although they all rhyme, they all rhyme. The change is fast, and the change is often a paragraph of literary meaning. This makes this article particularly suitable for recitation, rich in the beauty of sound and rhyme, and reflects the strengths of verse literature.

3. The language characteristics of beautiful image and good at trying to solve the problem.

For example, describing the voice of a good voice is plaintive: "The sound is loud and clear, like thinking like a curtain, like crying like complaining, and the lingering sound is lingering, like a wisp. The dance is like a tour of the district, and the tears are caught. "The Couple in the Boat." The abstract and elusive sounds and emotions are made concrete and tangible, appealing to the reader's vision and hearing.

Eleven. Reading:

Appreciation of "Chibi Ode"

"Chibi Ode" was written in July of the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), when Su Shi had been living in Huangzhou for nearly four years. The author was innocently killed and was demoted for a long time. It is inevitable that he would feel depressed and angry. But he was able to deal with it calmly, seek spiritual relief with an optimistic mind, and not be overwhelmed by the depression of world-weariness. In this poem, he expressed his sorrow and explained his sorrow, which reflected this complicated mood.

The poem mainly expresses the author's feelings of boating in Red Cliff on a moonlit night. From boating to lying on the boat, he uses the form of subject-object dialogue to raise and resolve contradictions, revealing the author's hidden worries in a subtle and tortuous way. It also shows his broad-minded attitude towards life.

The sadness of the "guest" in the article is caused by three aspects of emotion:

First, the mountains and rivers around Chibi triggered his thoughts about the heroes in history. What heroes they were back then, where are they now? Not to mention that we, the fishermen and woodcutters, are above the river!

Secondly, from the infinite river, we think that a moment in life is as small as a drop in the ocean.

The third is to get rid of the real situation, hoping to "carry flying immortals to travel, hold the bright moon and live forever", but "do not know how unexpected it is".

Writing about the cause of sadness for the "guest" actually prepares the ground for Su Zi's enlightening words. Su Zi's words in the article are based on the feelings of the "guests". He talked about the changes in the universe and the philosophy of life. I believe that from the perspective of change, heaven and earth will not remain unchanged for a moment, and life is short and naturally sad; but from the perspective of change, that is, heaven and earth are born with me, and all things are one with me, and they will be endless. Moreover, everything in heaven and earth has its own owner, "If it is not my property, I will not take even a single cent of it." In this way, honor, disgrace, gains and losses, joys and sorrows in the world will no longer matter.

Finally, he pointed out a way out for the "guests": to seek spiritual sustenance in nature. Obviously, the words of the guest and Su Zi in the poem reflect the author's ideology. The philosophy of life he talked about has a reasonable and positive side, but it also contains the negative factors of the Buddha's thought of being content with the situation and only being compatible with nature. Therefore, the words of the "guest" truly reflected the author's inner pain. Therefore, when he sent the handwritten "Ode to Qian Chibi" to his friend Qin, he specially wrote a letter and warned: "I am afraid of many difficulties, but Qin loves me." , It must be hidden deep and cannot come out. "

The poem is divided into three levels of meaning, one is about the joy of night outing, the second is about the joy that comes from the extreme sadness, and the third is about the enlightenment due to sorrow. The emotional twists and turns are deep and deep. The writing style is ups and downs, integrating description of scenery, lyricism and discussion. The scene is the water and the moon, the light, the emotion is the sadness and joy, the logic is the harmony between things and me, mixed with the sound of the flute, and the long history. The beauty of writing about objects is that they never leave the foreground, and discussions and insights are not limited to the foreground. Emotions arise from the scenery, and the scenery appears from the emotions. The two of them touch each other, making them misty and colorful, creating a wonderful mythical realm. He also uses scenery to reason and combines reasoning with emotion, making the poem full of poetry and painting, as well as philosophy. The author uses a fresh prose style to compose the poem, with parallel words and haiku in the middle, as well as rhyme, and more prose elements. This kind of Fu is called Wen Fu. In addition to adopting the traditional subject-object question-and-answer format of Fu style, "Qian Chibi Fu" has sentence patterns of any length, well-proportioned rhymes, clear and clear language, lyrics and dialogues, free and easy lyricism and reasoning, and strong expressive power. These are all a development of fu style writing.

12. Refer to the reading of Huangzhou poems to understand the text:

After drinking in Dongpo at night, I woke up drunk and returned as if it was the third watch. The boy's breath was thundering, and he didn't answer the door. He leaned on his stick and listened to the sound of the river. I always regret that this body is not mine, when will I forget Yingying! In the late night, the wind is calm and the lines are flat. The boat passed away from now on, and the river and sea left it for the rest of my life. (Su Shi's "Linjiang Immortal? Returns to Lingao at Night")

My brother is old, so he should amuse himself with the time. Everything in the world is nothing to worry about. The so-called self-entertainment is not worldly happiness, but there is nothing in the chest, that is, in the sky and the earth, mountains, rivers, trees, insects, fish, etc., are all for my family's entertainment. (Su Shi's "Letter to Brother Ziming")

Note: Confucianism's idea of ??extending human nature, Buddhism's concept of equality of all living beings, and Taoism's awareness of loving life made Su Shi face hardships when he first arrived in Huangzhou. Get spiritual salvation in your life. The broad-mindedness and magnanimity expressed in "Qian Chibi Fu" can be seen in the poems listed above.

13. Summary of knowledge points in the text:

One word has multiple meanings:

Hold the bright moon forever adverb, forever

The word "death mo" is also a verb, "increase"

It belongs to expression and is not related to Su Huang

It belongs to me to write down the instructions

To give wine to guests to persuade them to drink

The preposition of Yu Yue coming out of Dongshan, from

The preposition of wandering between bullfights, in

The preposition of being trapped in Zhou Lang, indicating passive

Use:

1. The crow flies south (south)

2. Looking west to Xiakou (west)

3. Looking east to Wuchang (East)

The above three words are all nouns used as adverbials, which can be translated as: to the south (west, east)

4, go east along the river.

East; when the noun is used as a verb, it can be translated as: March to the east.

5. Fang Qi defeated Jingzhou and went to Jiangling

Destroy: the adjective is used as a verb, to defeat or attack下;下: the place is used as a verb, to capture.

6. Companion, fish, shrimp and friend elk

Companion, friend: the conative usage of the noun

Sentences :

1. Why is this so? (The object of the preposition is prepositioned)

2. Isn’t this Cao Mengde trapped in Zhou Lang? (guided by \'yu\' \'passive sentence\')

3. How are you now? (object prepositional sentence)

Attached is the content structure table:

The first paragraph ：The joy of night tour---

Beautiful things:

Beautiful scenery:

Beauty:

Second paragraph: The difference between subject and guest ---- -

Life is empty

Life is short

Happiness is hard to last

Paragraph 4: Enlightenment arises out of sorrow---

Change the angle

Abandon greed

Carpe diem

Paragraph 5: Take things as they come -----

Laugh, I don’t know