A brief history of Hakka immigrants

Please refer to:/htm/ztzl/KJX/2005-05-10-19333.htm Introduction to Hakka Author: Hakka in Mu Mu is a distinctive Han nationality group, and it is also one of the most widely distributed and far-reaching Han nationality groups in the world. There are many theories about the origin of Hakka, mainly including the theory of Hakka Central Plains and the theory of Hakka ancestors. The theory of Hakka Central Plains holds that the main body of Hakka people is immigrants from the Central Plains, while the theory of Hakka aborigines holds that "Hakka * * is the same main body produced by the integration of Han people who moved south and ancient Vietnamese immigrants in the triangle area of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, and its main body is the ancient Vietnamese living in this land, not a few Central Plains people living in this area". Since the Song Dynasty, the Han nationality in the Central Plains moved southward on a large scale, passing through southern Jiangxi and western Fujian to Meizhou, and finally formed a relatively mature and stable Hakka family. Since then, Hakkas, based in Meizhou, have moved abroad in large numbers and moved to the whole country and even the rest of the world. The "three Hakka States" are Jiaying, Ganzhou and Tingzhou. Speaking of Hakkas, the most famous is their tulou. If you search for Hakka on the Internet, there will be many entries about Tulou at the same time. If you are a stamp collector, you should have noticed that one of the Fujian folk houses with China folk house stamps is Hakka tulou. Because most of the Hakkas lived in remote mountainous areas or deep forests, at that time, not only were building materials scarce, wolves, tigers, leopards and thieves noisy, but also they were afraid of being harassed by local people, so Hakkas built "defensive" castle-like buildings similar to earth buildings. In Fujian, earth buildings are divided into square earth buildings and round earth buildings, and round earth buildings are rare. There is a joke about tulou. It is said that in the 1960s and 1970s, American spy satellites took photos of China, and they were surprised to find many unknown large buildings, round or square, distributed in the mountainous areas of Fujian Province. After analysis, they are considered as "missile launching bases", and China's military strength should not be underestimated. It was not until the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States that Americans knew that the so-called "missile launching base" was actually a typical Hakka residence-Tulou. Of course, Hakka tofu is also famous. The most famous tofu in China: Hakka fermented tofu, Sichuan Mapo tofu and Hunan stinky tofu. The latter two can only be regarded as side dishes and snacks. Only Hakkas upgrade tofu into a big dish and a main course. Even their songs about new houses have tofu. For example, one of them sang: I bought a new millstone jingling, and I was bent on buying ground soybean milk. In the middle of the night, grinding bean curd was bitten to the sky. It is the best standard to see if you are a Hakka if you step on the cymbal alone and pull the mill. Say that you are still a child, that you can't even recite a hook, and you can be proud to be able to move a stone mill all day. If you take the dirt well off the stone mill, you will be the pillar of this family. Hakka has also produced many celebrities, Liu Yalou, commander of China Air Force, is one of them. After introducing the food and shelter of Hakka people, it is necessary to introduce its language. Hakka people inevitably bring the language characteristics of their hometown in the process of migration, so what is the language of Hakka people? Let's briefly introduce Hakka dialect, also known as Hakka dialect (Hak-ka-va), Hakka dialect (Hak-va), Tugong-deng-va and "Ngai-va" (meaning "our language"). During several wars and turbulent periods in history, Hakkas first migrated from northern China to southern China with the tide of immigration. Their ancestors migrated from today's Henan Province and Shanxi Province, and brought with them the characteristics of their local languages. Since then, the languages in these areas have gradually evolved into the present Putonghua. However, many ancient Chinese phonetic features still used in Hakka dialect, including the suffix consonant -p -t -k, which also exists in other southern dialects, have disappeared in some northern Putonghua. Widely used in southern China, Hakka and She nationalities all over the world. Hakka dialect includes several dialects, mainly distributed in Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou, Hainan and Taiwan Province provinces. The typical and recognized standard Hakka dialect is Meixian dialect (Moi-yen-va/Moi-yan-va). Meixian County is located in the northeast of Guangdong Province. Just like the so-called Chinese dialects such as Cantonese and Wu dialect, whether Hakka dialect belongs to a language or a dialect in the linguistic classification status is still controversial. Hakkas in Taiwan Province Province come from Haifeng and Lufeng. Another Hakka dialect in Taiwan Province Province (Siyan) comes from Jiaying County and Jiaoling, Pingyuan, Xingning and Wuhua. Jiaying County is now renamed Meixian County. Hakka people are distributed all over the world, so their language is also very popular, mainly in the following areas: Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Sichuan and Hunan. There are also Hakka immigrant countries and regions such as Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and Thailand. The user population is about 40 million!