The Difference between Contemporary Animation and China Traditional Animation

Comics are written on paper and drawn by people. They can be black and white or color, but they are usually black and white. Watching cartoons on TV, things on the screen will move.

This is a cartoon:

When talking about comics, we should first talk about the source and artistic characteristics of comics, and then talk about creative methods.

Comics, a painting form, has a long history. When a painter paints, he sometimes feels something in his heart and paints when he wants to say it. As early as the Ming Dynasty in China (1366- 1644), Li Shida made fun of humpbacked people and drew a "Three Tuo Tu", which is a cartoon. But at that time, there was no such name as "Comics".

People always want to emphasize what they say. If they exaggerate it, it will be funny and interesting to draw it. This has formed two artistic characteristics of comics: first, when they are spoken, they have language functions; The second is humor, that is, humor, humor or irony. Humor and irony are equally funny.

China was in the feudal era for a long time, and people's speech was restrained, so cartoons could not be popularized, so it was rare. Until the end of17th century, Britain got rid of the shackles of feudal forces and printing technology developed rapidly. British painters began to comment on current events with pictures. The newspaper printed these pictures on a plate and spread them widely through the newspaper, attracting readers' attention. This kind of painting became a special kind of painting art, and later it was called cartoon, transliterated as "cartoon" and translated as "cartoon". At the same time, a professional CARTOONIST appeared in Britain, named Cartooonist. China until the beginning of the 20th century, when the emperor was overthrown, comics became popular, and chinese comic families such as He Jianshi, Huang Wennong and Feng Zikai appeared.

Because cartoons are interesting, cartoonists will also make up jokes and draw them. Jokes have action plots of characters, and when they are drawn, there are more than one picture, four or five pictures, and six or seven pictures, which are connected into one picture. We call it "comic strip", but it is still called "comic strip" in Britain and America. Later, comic story paintings can also be made into animated films, which is naturally called "comics". So those animated serial story paintings are called comics.

Comic story painting is similar to China's comics. Comic books are printed into books, commonly known as "picture books", such as the stories of Shen Fengbang or Water Margin. This kind of story does not need funny jokes, nor can it be used for comments, which is completely different from the nature of comics.

Newspapers use the language function of cartoons to make current affairs cartoons, which become a form of comment and are published on news pages; It also uses the humor of comics to publish ridiculous humorous pictures in the supplement to attract readers and expand circulation.

Comic story painting does not have these two functions of comics. Newspapers don't comment on comic stories and draw so many pictures. Is this meal suitable for Lu? Hey? Do you want to drink α s sleep? Patella cable? Grey Huan? Playing with rings? Excuse me. Br & gt20 1980s, a large number of Japanese comic books were published and printed and introduced into China. They called this kind of painting "cartoon" or "cartoon" according to the names of Britain and America, which confused two different paintings. Later, China took another name and called this cartoon story painting "animation", because some paintings also used the cartoon modeling method, which was exaggerated and had comic characteristics.

In fact, there is a difference between comic books and comic books in Britain and America. Look at the comic encyclopedia published in Britain and the United States. People who draw comics are called cartoonists, but people who draw serial stories have never seen such a name.

What is a comic book? From "Pediatrics" graffiti to Picasso's "guernica", it seems that some people call it comics. As an independent art form, other arts lack rigor and standardization, coupled with the lag of theoretical criticism, which has caused it to drift out of the mainstream of art for a long time, so some people call comics "marginal art" and "artistic edge".

However, the wave of modernism that began at the end of 19 has changed all aspects of social life, and at the same time it has subtly impacted many aspects of comics. Especially surrealist artists such as Margaret, Delvaux Cox and Cirico. Their fantastic works conform to the absurd principle of comic creation. In this sense, many modern works of art inadvertently act as "ivory towers" of comics.

In recent decades, in addition to the traditional function of comics to criticize the current disadvantages and entertain the public, some cartoonists with more avant-garde ideas have also begun to actively explore the road to modernization of comics. Especially in the years after the end of World War II, many people of insight in the cartoon industry, imitating the exhibition mechanism of other arts, successively set up some international cartoon exhibitions and competitions, and invited accomplished artists and critics to discuss the survival and development of cartoons under the new historical conditions. Such an exhibition dares to break the original thinking of comics, affirms the initiative of comics in embodying individual spiritual values, and shows the trend of comics moving closer to the mainstream of contemporary art.

Avant-garde comics-there is still no clear definition in the world. Generally speaking, it refers to a marginal art form between traditional comics and avant-garde art, or a new comic genre catalyzed by contemporary avant-garde art, which emphasizes the exploration function of values and aesthetic orientation and is "subversive" to traditional comics.

The creation of avant-garde cartoons in China started very late, and only in the 1990s did a few cartoonists set foot in it. However, their works soon began to show the characteristics of avant-garde comics, and they focused on the exploration of creative ideas and the horizontal comparison with avant-garde art. However, due to various conditions, their development has not been able to form a huge creative group and spread widely. However, the strong trend of modernism in art is strongly impacting people's traditional ideas, and avant-garde comics will be understood and accepted by more and more people.

And animation:

Refers to what you see on TV.

Bottom line: Comics appear on paper without moving, while cartoons are animated and move on the screen. Comics (animation) are created through comics.

Cartoon and animation

This is a new term,

The website of Japan Institute of Zhejiang Gongshang University "Japan Chatroom" has initiated overseas discussions on this issue. Because China and Japan communicate in Japanese, the first obstacle is the Japanese translation of "anime". Anime lovers all know that animation, as a popular culture, originated in Japan. But I believe most people will not know that there is no concept of "animation" in Japan so far. I participated in the discussion in Japanese chat rooms. Some people use comics, some people use ァニメ, some people use ァニメーションンンンンンンンンンンンン. The abbreviation of & ltBR & gtァニメ (ァニメーション) generally refers to ニメーョ in Japan. The early Japanese "ァニメ" followed Europe and America and was used as a propaganda advertisement or a historical theme. It lacks the element of "cartoon", so it is called "animation", which has the same meaning as "cartoon" in Chinese. Therefore, China's "cartoon" does not completely correspond to Japanese "ァニメ". & LTBR & gt The biggest difference between "cartoon" and "cartoon" lies in the word "man", so many people use "cartoon" or "コミ" in their discussions. In Japan, "コミック" has a specific meaning. In a sense, it is a modern version of the popular "painting" in the Edo period, especially a magazine that publishes continuous comics. Professor China, who has been teaching in Japanese universities all the year round, pointed out in the discussion: "When you walk into a regular bookstore in Japan, the counter of コミック occupies a large area, but you have never seen a comic counter in Shock." In other words, the concept of "comics" is bigger than "コミック", including magazines, single paintings, comics and so on. & ltBR >； Comics is a unique culture in Japan, not only for children and teenagers, but also for college students. Even the white-collar workers in the company often indulge in comic magazines on the tram to and from work. Japanese cartoons, especially the pictures of serial cartoons, have broken through the traditional "animation" mode and techniques. Several pictures overlap in one frame, and dialogue is inserted in the pictures. Graphic composition contains dynamic and acoustic elements, which has stereoscopic visual effect, and is only one step away from "ァニメ". Now what we call Japanese "anime" is mostly audio-visual products of magazine comics. In this sense, the closest Japanese to "anime" should be "manga". & ltBR & gt During my stay in Japan, I often visited "Comic Tea" when I was on business or traveling all over the country. There are all kinds of comics to read, and I can also enjoy the DVD works of "ァニメ". My main purpose is to surf the Internet (there are few Internet cafes in Japan). This also shows that "manga" includes コミック and ァニメ.& ltBR & gt However, China's "anime" is not a copy of Japanese manga, but a carrier of popular culture, and its meaning is broader. Not only static comic magazines, books and cards, but also dynamic comic audio-visual products, even comic peripheral products and cosplay (imitation show). & ltBR & gt This kind of world popular culture has been enriched in the process of spreading from cartoons and comics in Europe and America to Japanese "ァニメ", "Comics" and "コミック", and then to China's "Animation".

As this brother said:

"Animation is a kind of mood, which is the decompression password for our helpless life in this stressful society. After all, you were born in this place, and your study and employment are dangling in front of your eyes every day. This is impossible to avoid. Animation is different. There is no worldly noise, no teacher's critical eyes, no mother's nagging. There is no stranger's neglect ... in short, there is no factor that will bring you pressure in the real society. Before entering here, you only need to make one preparation: relax, relax your nerves, temporarily put aside unpleasant things and experience a completely different experience from yourself. In fact, there are real elements in animation, including living people and animals in the world. There are also many stories in the real world. This is because when I see the same thing, I will feel different. In the words of a celebrity, it is "proceeding from reality, there is something higher than reality". I know it's just a man-made plot. Who can tell the people who have seen it that it has never been attracted by complicated plots and has never been moved by anyone or anything?

This is a trend. Yes, this is a trend! !

Comics; comedian

As a unique art category, comics are deeply loved by people all over the world. People call comics an esperanto without national boundaries, and are praised as "the ninth art" by western art critics. The art of comedy has been promoted to an unprecedented height. Turkey is one of the countries where modern comics started earlier. They also promoted comics to the category of fine arts together with other painting arts, and called them six categories of contemporary art together with painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography and architecture. Comic art is the crystallization of human wisdom and embodies the essence of human civilization. It is these profound cultural accumulations that make comics exert strong artistic vitality.

2 1 century, the development of chinese comic is in the ascendant, and a group of cartoonists who are obsessed with the pursuit of comic art are trying to find the way of comic creation under the new historical conditions. It is particularly worth mentioning that the 6th World Comic Congress was successfully held in Beijing from June 5th to 10, 2004. In order to make the contest more international, famous foreign cartoonists and successful domestic cartoonists were invited to form a jury, and the selection rules of the contest were formulated in accordance with international practice, with special emphasis on the selection of comic works with artistic characteristics. This congress marks the beginning of chinese comic's artistry in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century, and also shows that chinese comic is being integrated into the world comic forest. This conference opened a new chapter in the integration of chinese comic art and world comic art.

First, the origin and development of comics

Tracing back to the source, comics have been marked with their noble artistic lineage since their birth. According to historical records, as early as the 15th century, some exaggerated figures appeared in European paintings. It is well documented that Leonardo da Vinci, a famous Italian painter during the Renaissance, and william hogarth, a painter during the British Industrial Revolution, frequently appeared some exaggerated figures in their sketches and oil paintings, especially Huo Jiasi's representative works Sleeping Brothers, Fashionable Marriage and Personality and Comics, which marked the formation of modern western comics. Thomas Rolandson is known as "the father of modern comics". Although he was greatly influenced by Hogarth, he has more modern cartoon characteristics in character modeling and conception, which laid the style of modern western cartoon. From this narrative, we feel the embryonic form of satirical cartoons first formed in Europe.

Perhaps it is the exaggerated deformation characteristics of cartoons and the metaphor of mulberry curse that have become the sharp weapon of sectarian struggle in its embryonic stage. With the rise of the bourgeoisie, it also bears the heavy responsibility of political factional struggle. With the continuous development of society, satirical cartoons can no longer meet people's spiritual needs, and cartoons gradually expand to diversification. Since the 20th century, cartoonists have continued to criticize these shortcomings with their sharp brushes. However, with the advent of personalized society, people pay more and more attention to their own lives and feelings. Comics, once used as a tool of political struggle, have developed into humorous paintings with humanized characteristics, which are closer to the daily life of ordinary people. At the same time, comics have also been derived from different styles and different connotations, which has won more room for development. It is in this sense that when we refer to modern cartoons, we are not only referring to political satirical cartoons. From a historical point of view, it should be said that satirical comics are the originator of the development of contemporary comics.

/kloc-in Europe in the 0/7th century, under the background of the British industrial revolution, a group of outstanding cartoonists built the golden age of modern British cartoons, and the great satirist william hogarth was born. /kloc-in the second half of the 0/9th century, some European metropolises started comic magazines one after another, and the communication between cartoonists became more and more frequent. Did the curtains wipe out international scarlet? Big project? Hey? What happened to that gun? Meng Meng's successor, Qian Nanbo? In 84 1 year, the satirical magazine Punch was founded in London, England, which set off a critical trend in Europe in the19th century. This trend quickly swept the world, and China and Japan were also infected by this trend.

Due to the influence of western humanitarianism and humanistic spirit, comics are people-oriented and pay attention to human nature. In order to meet people's spiritual needs, various types of cartoons have mushroomed, and humorous cartoons, groups of cartoons, long comic books and so on all appeared in this period. The successful commercial operation of comics has become a pillar industry in Japan and the United States in the twentieth century. They left Britain, the unique originator of comics in the19th century, far behind and opened a new era of modern comics.

Second, the basic characteristics and attributes of comic art

As early as the Neolithic Age, people used pictures to express their feelings, wishes and record their lives, so painting became the most basic means to record human development. The characters drawn in this period have the original embryonic form of comics, but they do not have the function of comics. The so-called cartoon is a unique spiritual element endowed by modern people.

What is a comic book? In the dictionary, we can't find the exact explanation for the cartoons we know. Different social backgrounds, different political backgrounds and different nationalities give it different definitions, but one thing is basically the same: comics are the art of laughter. However, it is obviously one-sided and superficial to understand comics only as the art of laughter. In fact, this art of laughter has covered all forms of beauty. Some people compare comics to a collection of painting, philosophy and literature, which is a mixture. It not only has the characteristics of painting, but also has philosophy and literary thoughts. It is a "marginal" art involving painting, philosophy and literature. Although this explanation is ridiculous, it shows the basic characteristics of comic art. From this point alone, comic is different from other kinds of painting art. So how to define modern comic correctly and fairly? Throughout the history of comics, both satirical cartoons with political themes and humorous cartoons with life themes have the functions of making people laugh, thinking and enlightening. It can be concluded that "all cartoons are funny"; Thought-provoking; Three characteristics that inspire people's minds are the basic characteristics of comics.

What are the attributes of comics? Comic is a visual art, which has the same characteristics as other paintings. However, it is not completely equivalent to other paintings. The fundamental difference between it and other paintings is that it puts forward opinions and comments on things and has the characteristics of humor. So satire and humor constitute the most basic attributes of comics. The art of comedy is the art of satire and humor, and it is also the art of reverse thinking.

Third, the classification of comics.

In the 2nd/kloc-0th century, there were many kinds of cartoons, especially in China. For example, there are many kinds of cartoons, such as sentimental cartoons, lyrical cartoons, philosophical cartoons and ink cartoons. The boundaries between them are very vague and confusing. However, after careful analysis of these so-called comic types, it is not difficult to find that these kinds of complicated comics are basically the same in creative laws and spiritual core except for their slightly different names and forms, so this division is unscientific and thoughtless. In fact, comic art inherits the tradition of satirical painting and humorous painting, and at the same time, it also derives cold humorous comics and practical comics. Cold humor comics include black humor, absurd humor and avant-garde comics; Practical comics include illustration comics, advertising comics and profit-seeking comics. In order to better understand the classification of comics, in this section, I made a rational and scientific division of the derivation and development of comics, and made a chart to let everyone better understand the development history of comics and the aesthetic value of comic art.

From the chart, we can easily find that the survival state of comics at this stage is an era in which satirical cartoons, humorous cartoons and practical cartoons coexist. However, driven and controlled by the law of commercial profits, mainstream cartoons such as satirical cartoons and humorous cartoons have been hit by the tide of economic interests, losing ground and shrinking, while quasi-cartoons (practical cartoons) have been infinitely expanded and developed. This asymmetric development cannot be entirely attributed to the profit-seeking market, but the vulgarization of mainstream cartoons is the root of the problem, and the didactic nature of satirical cartoons has lost its former combativeness; The expression of humorous painting has remained unchanged for decades, which leads to aesthetic fatigue when people appreciate mainstream comics, so the mainstream comic art has a vacuum state, which invisibly provides a huge market for practical comics. However, practical comics cater to the mass consumption and rebellious psychology, and dispel the deep meaning and artistic charm of comic art with empty signifiers full of sensory stimulation and commercial flavor, making comics an accessory and joke of mass consumption culture.

When we study and analyze this kind of fast food comics with historical viewpoints and thoughts, the first concern is its relationship with consumerism since the 1990s. Fast food comics represent the fate of mainstream comic art in our consumerism era.

There is no absolute stability in any kind of art, they are constantly changing in the process of historical development, such as construction, deconstruction and reconstruction. Comic art is no exception. We should not stick to the unchangeable forms and techniques of expression, but should constantly produce new forms of comedy art to meet people's spiritual needs.

We should raise the artistic content of comics to an important position, so as to improve the artistic level of comics. As we all know, the value of comic art is supported by aesthetic value. Without this support, comics will lose their artistic value. Under the influence of today's consumerism, it will surely become a vulgar cartoon without artistic spirituality. However, this vulgar cartoon with no aesthetic value can only steal the concept of the word cartoon and parade in the city, which is very popular.

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