What does "Zi" mean in ancient Chinese?

The appellation of people in ancient Chinese is different from that in modern Chinese, so we should pay special attention to avoid misunderstanding and even making jokes when reading ancient poems. The appellations of people in ancient Chinese mainly include the following:

First, personal pronouns

1, I can't live in my place (Goujian Destroys Wu) I: We.

Which is more beautiful, Xu Gong and I (Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi)? Me.

2. Wait for four people to enter the customs with fire ("You Shan") Yu: Me.

Where did Gai Yu go? Yu: We.

3. Give the only love lotus to me ("Ailian said").

4. I went back to the car and started on the road again ("Li Sao"): I have been dedicated to the emperor's self-styled since Qin Shihuang.

5. You smiled and said, "What do you know?" (Shi Zhongshan) Ru: You.

6, you ask, nothing is too much? (Ji's Attack) Er: You.

7. Being three arrows with you, don't forget your father's ambition (Biography of Lingguan). You, the second person pronoun.

8. If you are more active, if you are given (The Snake Catcher says), if: yours.

9. The battle between the two sons and the former is not the crime of the two sons ("Goujian Destroys Wu"). Two sons: you.

10, or stop after a hundred paces ("I am for my country") or: some people, some people, indefinite pronouns.

Second, titles are based on identity and occupation.

1, male, Hou, Bo, Zi, male, Jin Hou, Zheng (The Battle of Candles) Jin Hou, Qin Bo: refers to. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there were five titles: Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong. In fact, there were only Wang and Hou in the Han Dynasty. In the pre-Qin dynasty, the prince was conferred the title of "king" as a vassal, and the different surname was also conferred the title of king in the early Han dynasty. Later, "non-Liu Fei Wang", the different surname called Liehou. After the Three Kingdoms, the system of titles in past dynasties was different, but the surnames were the same. Different surnames were generally named Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong. After the Jin and Song Dynasties, the word "founding" was added to the title, which was called the founding title because of strict demonstrations, such as the founding duke of Le 'an County and the founding son of Qufu County.

2, the son, the minister, and the gentleman think about the enemy of their parents, and the minister thinks about the enemy of the king ("Goujian Destroys Wu") Son: Son. Minister: courtier. Jun: The monarch.

3, Li Limin people are not hungry or cold ("I am in the country") CoCo Lee: people. Commonly used ethnic appellations include Buyi, Qianshou, Li, Yi, Yuan, Cang Sheng, Li Yuan, Meng and so on.

4, luggage and luggage exchanges, * * * is tired ("Candle Candle") luggage: messenger, that is, the diplomatic envoys mentioned in later generations.

5. Jia Ren Jia Ze Zi Pi ("Goujian Destroys Wu") Jia Ren: a businessman. Business is business, and sitting is Jia.

6. Qian Maqi was the predecessor of Fuxi (Ma Qian in "Gou Jian Wu"): the forerunner, the person who cleared the way before the horse. )

7. The left and right empress dowager clearly refers to the left and right ("Touching the dragon and telling the queen Zhao"): the courtiers around you are all replaced by their positions.

8. The recruiter asked the recruiter the way before ("back to the point") Recruiter: pedestrian.

9. Practice complains about the mighty spirit of practice ("Li Sao") Practice: sacred, refers to the king.

Third, your respectful name

1, Gongcheng North, the beauty of Qi. ("Zou Ji satirizes the King of Qi to remonstrate") Gong: It is a respectful title. Pei Gong didn't break the Guanzhong first, how dare he enter? (The Hongmen Banquet) Gong: You.

2. Zi ran died in Zheng, but Zi also had disadvantages ("When the Candle Warned the Qin Dynasty"). Zi: an ancient title of respect for people. Equivalent to "you" now.

Gentleman's illness is the only way for him to say "what he wants". Gentleman: A person of noble character.

Mr. Wang said: I can't learn. Gentleman: This refers to a learned and cultivated person. )

4, can be with ("Zou Ji irony can be taught") Jun: You, husband, here is the wife's respect for Zou Ji.

5. In Chang 'an (Touching the Dragon and Showing the Queen Zhao), the veteran secretly thought that he loved Yan. This is a courtesy title for an old woman.

6. Qing Qing returned to China temporarily ("Peacock flies southeast") Qing Qing: This is the husband's nickname for his wife.

Fourth, the modesty of the title.

1, I'm lonely, and I don't know what my strength is (Candle Warns Teacher Qin). I am a self-mockery of the ancient emperor, meaning a person with no virtue. In addition, the emperor also claimed to be lonely, meaning the king of a small country; It's not good to claim to be poor, not good.

2, the son of the old minister ("touching the dragon and telling the queen Zhao"),: his son is a hollow name. Cheap, modest words. Interest, children, here refers to the son. )

3, claiming to be a famous mountain, I also heard that there is a state-owned family ("Ji will cut") Qiu: Confucius, a famous mountain, according to the ancient ceremony, claimed that his name was modest.

Why else would you come here (hongmen banquet)? Xiang Yu's name

4. I really know that Xu Hongmei is not as good as Xu Hongmei. (Zou Ji satirizes coachable, the king of Qi) Minister: Minister, official's opinion on you.

5. Yu Ji can't be driven away ("Peacock flies southeast") Yu Ji: a woman in feudal society, humbly claiming herself.

V. Title of Table Age

1, people who give it to Bai can't bear to wear it on the road ("I am in the country"). "White" leads to "grey", which means old people.

2. There is an old woman at home (I: the old woman "Ji Xiang Xuan Zhi")

3. Banquet with a total angle, laughing and laughing (total angle: refers to teenagers aged eight or nine to thirteen or fourteen. ) "Feng Wei seeks protection"

4. Knot your hair with a pillow (knot your hair: when ancient people tied their hair at a certain age (generally 20 years old for men and 0/5 years old for women), they were considered adults and could get married. ) "Peacock flies southeast"

5, yellow hair, hanging yellow hair ("Peach Blossom Garden") Yellow hair: The old saying is a feature of longevity, so it is used to refer to the elderly. A child's hanging hair. Used of children.

Six, other special titles

1, the head of state is the head of state of a hundred countries, bearing the fate of heaven ("Ten Thoughts of Taizong"). Head of state: refers to the emperor.

2. Both Kun Di and Kun Di are my father's. Guo Zi's surname is "Goujian Destroys Wu". Kun Di: Brother. Guo Zi surname: The surname of the monarch.

3, husband, husband does not take twenty, ("Goujian Destroys Wu") husband, teenager, noun.

Give birth to a husband, two pots of wine (Goujian destroys Wu) Husband: a baby boy, a noun.

4, Di Zi, Zhi Zi died in office, three years before being released from politics; When he died, he was dismissed from office in March (Gou Jian destroyed Wu): the eldest son, the eldest son born to his wife. The son born to his wife is called "Di Zi" and the eldest son born to his wife is called "the eldest son"; The eldest son and those who inherit their ancestors are called Zongzi, and the rest are called Zhi Zi. From the Zhou Dynasty, the throne was inherited by the eldest son until the late Qing Dynasty.

5. Marriage is a banquet about marriage (marriage: in-laws, the woman's father is called marriage, and the man's father is called marriage. )

6. Servants, children and servants are welcome, and children are waiting at the door. Servant: underage servant; Young children: young children.

7. Relatives like their relatives ("reply") Relatives: relatives refer to families; Qi refers to outside the family. Relatives refer to all internal and external relatives, including parents and brothers. This refers to relatives in the family. This refers to a family or its members who have a marriage or blood relationship with their own family.

8. Grandpa misses Grandpa ("Six Kingdoms") Grandpa: Grandma and Grandpa, Dad.

9. The wife led her to this desperate situation (Peach Blossom Garden), wife and son.

10, the first step is very rough (Selected Records of Ji Xiang). The first step: the deceased mother, using "first" to address the deceased high-ranking or elderly people. Call the dead emperor the first emperor, the dead people the saints, the dead father the first test and father, and the dead teacher the first teacher.

1 1, Meng Meng, Bao Bumao Si ("Feng Weimeng") Meng: Min, called the people in ancient times, especially those who moved out. )

12,, (Mang) History: a general term for adult men.

13, many women's jealous moths ("Li Sao") Many women: it refers to many villains.