Answering skills of Chinese in grade three

First, the knowledge and skills of narrative reading

1. Article genre: poetry, novel, prose (lyric prose, narrative prose), script, expository essay, argumentative essay.

2. Six narrative elements: time, place, character, cause, process and result of the event.

3. How to find a topic sentence: Find a lyric sentence in the first or last paragraph.

4. How to express the content (center) of the article?

Methods: Look at topics, people (events) and events, and make a comprehensive induction.

Format: This article narrates (describes and explains) ... and displays (praises and reveals). ...

5. How to analyze the organizational characteristics of the article materials: select typical events closely around the center, cut in appropriately, and be detailed appropriately.

6. How to grade:

(1) Divide by time (find the phrase indicating time) (2) Divide by place (find the phrase indicating place)

(3) According to the development process of things (looking for events) (4) Total score (pinching the head and pinching the tail)

7. How to analyze narrative clues and their functions:

Clues: (1) key people (2) key things (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) the author's emotion-function: it runs through the context of the whole text, organically connecting the characters and events in the text, and making the article coherent.

8. How to write a title for an article?

Find the clue or center of the article (1) the core people (2) the core things (3) the core events (6) the author's emotions.

9. Fill in the reading card. Find the original text as required, and then fill it in.

10. Narrative sequence and function:

(1) Time sequence (according to the sequence of events)

Function: The narrative has a beginning and an end, which is clear, clear and impressive to read.

(2) Flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before. )

Function: arouse suspense, attract readers, avoid dull narration and enhance the vividness of the article.

(3) insert (interrupt the clue when telling, and insert another related thing. )

Function: complement and set off the plot, enrich the image and highlight the center.

1 1. Language features:

Choose from the following statements in combination with context and rhetorical methods:

Vivid image, fresh and beautiful, concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious phonology, strong sense of rhythm.

12. Writing skills and functions:

(1) personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify things, and thus achieve vivid images.

(2) The role of metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth.

(3) The role of exaggeration: highlight the characteristics of people or things, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) The function of symbol: giving specific meaning to the things described, expressing emotions ... enhancing the expressive force of the article.

(5) The role of contrast: through contrast, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article.

(6) Set-off (side contrast): Set off the main person or thing with the secondary person or thing, and highlight the characteristics, personality, thoughts and feelings of the main person or thing.

(7) The function of satire: Use metaphor, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen profundity and criticism, and make the language spicy and humorous.

(8) The role of wanting to promote before restraining: first belittle and then praise the object described, contrast the context, highlight the object written, and receive unexpected and touching results.

(9) The role of front and back care (echo from beginning to end): make the plot complete, the structure rigorous and the center prominent.

(10) Set suspense function: arouse readers' attention and thinking, arouse readers' interest in reading, and make the plot of the article tortuous.

13. Rhetoric methods and functions

(1) Metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth.

(2) personification: endowing things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, making things personalized and achieving vivid results.

(3) Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Parallelism: the organization is clear, the rhythm is distinct, the language potential is enhanced, and it is longer than lyric.

(5) Duality: the form is neat, the phonology is harmonious, and they set off each other and complement each other.

(6) Repetition: emphasizing a certain meaning, strong lyricism and appeal.

(7) Question: Ask yourself and answer yourself, attract attention and inspire thinking.

(8) rhetorical question: clear attitude, strong tone and strong lyricism. Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with related sentences.

14. What are the meanings and functions of specific words?

Methods: According to the original meaning of the word, explain the meaning of the text (extended meaning, figurative meaning, pun meaning) and find out the specific content it refers to (make the unclear clear; Reduce metaphors and symbols).

Format: The word "××" originally refers to …, and here refers to …, playing the role of ….

15. sentence meaning: grasp the key words, analyze their characteristics and significance, and then explain them in context. (The method is the same as above)

16. What is the function of sentences in the structure?

(1) connecting the preceding with the following (2) opening, leading down (leading down) (3) connecting the preceding with the following (transition) (4) laying the foundation (5) managing the following (beginning).

17. Expression: narration, discussion, explanation, lyricism and description.

18. The role of argument in narrative:

Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point.

19. The role of lyric in narrative:

Express the author's sincere and profound feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.

20. Types and functions described:

(1) Portrait Description (2) Appearance Description (3) Manner Description (4) Action Description (5) Language (Dialogue) Description (7) Psychology Description (8) Scenery Description (9) Scene Description (10) Environment Description (1kloc)

The function of scenery description: (1) Explain the background (2) Promote the plot development (3) Render the atmosphere (4) Highlight the character's personality (5) Contrast the character's mood.

2 1. Prose features: scattered in form but not scattered in spirit.

22. Prose type: (1) narrative prose (2) lyric prose.

23. Novel types: novel, novella, short story and short story.

24. Three elements of the novel: characters, environment and plot.

25. Types and functions of environment:

(1) Natural environment: Explain the time and place of the story and the space for the characters' activities, and set off the emotions of the characters.

(2) Social environment: explain the social background and characteristics of the times, contrast the characters' character, promote the plot development and reveal the theme of the article.

26. What parts does the plot consist of: (prologue) beginning, development, climax and ending (epilogue)?

27. Continue to write the ending of the novel. Continue to write according to the law of the development of novels and stories, and be concise, implicit, philosophical and thought-provoking.

Supplement:

First, the role of person: the first person is a direct expression, and its advantage is that it can make readers feel real and cordial; It is more convenient to express the author's own thoughts and feelings directly.

The second person said that it narrowed the distance between the reader and the protagonist and made people feel more intimate when reading.

The advantage of the third-person writing method is that it is not limited by time and space, and can reflect the objective content more freely and flexibly. There is a wide range of activities, and the author can choose the most typical examples to expand the plot, which is not limited by first-person writing.

b， 1。 Set suspense to attract readers' attention.

The title of a good article should attract readers' attention, make readers daydream after reading your topic, and then read on with great interest.

2. Summary of the main idea of the article

The title of the article should summarize the main idea of the article, so that others can see the central idea you want to express at a glance.

3. Clues to the article

Some articles are titled with things that best reflect the feelings and reasons expressed in this article. After reading the topic, readers will pay special attention to such things in the article.

Second, argumentative reading knowledge and skills

(1) Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

(2) Demonstration methods: demonstration, example demonstration, contrast demonstration and metaphor demonstration.

(3) Argument mode: argument and rebuttal. Argumentative essays can be divided into two categories: argumentative essays and argumentative essays. )

(4) Frequently asked questions and answering skills.

1, the function of analysis and demonstration method: two main points of function.

2. Types and functions of analysis and argumentation: Argumentation can be divided into two types: rational argumentation and factual argumentation. There are two points to answer: (1), define the type of argument; (2) Specific analysis.

The essence of this topic is to examine the relationship between arguments and arguments, whether it is the relationship between central arguments and sub-arguments, it is the relationship between proof and proof. So the standard answer format is as follows: this is an argument, which plays the role of proof ... (argument, if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument. )

Supplementary argument is very popular as a new type of question. To do this kind of topic, we should pay attention to the following two aspects: (1), and see clearly the types of arguments that need to be supplemented, that is, whether they are famous sayings or examples; (2) Pay attention to the word limit when adding celebrity cases. Of course, as an exam, you can prepare celebrity examples and famous sayings with common themes such as "diligence" and "dealing with the world". Words of famous aphorisms should be few, things should be familiar, and long famous aphorisms or unfamiliar celebrity examples should not be prepared for novelty.

3. The article puts forward the way of central argument:

The title of the article points out the central argument; ② Put forward the central argument at the beginning of the article;

③ At last, the article summarizes the central argument; 4. In the middle of the article, put forward the central argument with a connecting sentence.

The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but it always revolves around …

4. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article.

The structure of a general argumentative essay: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (thesis)-solving problems (conclusion).

In fact, analyzing the argumentation idea of argumentative essays is to add some words such as "first", "then", "then" and "last" on the basis of paragraph level. When you do this topic, you should pay special attention to the opening and closing sentences.

The content at the beginning is: (1), putting forward the central argument; (2), lead to the topic; In the above two aspects, it is necessary to specifically answer the specific tests that put forward the central argument or lead to the topic, some through famous sayings, some through celebrity anecdotes, and some through anecdotes and jokes.

The final content: (1), deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of …; (2) Repeating or strengthening the central argument ...;

(3) Appeal ... or exhort people ...; (4) Supplementary argumentation. (Sometimes, the role of this aspect is to make the argument more rigorous. )

5. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative language:

There are only two angles to analyze the linguistic features of argumentative essays: (1) linguistic features; (2) Stylistic features. To do this kind of topic, we should master some key words of language style: concise and plain, vivid and humorous, implicit and euphemistic, rich in literary talent and so on. The stylistic feature is that it is enough to make a fuss about the word strict logic. One thing that needs special attention is that doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific example sentences in the article as examples for analysis.

6. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative writing

There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of argumentative writing, such as rhetorical devices, argumentation methods and writing skills.

(1), rhetoric: for example, metaphor can be combined with the characteristics of metaphor, that is, vivid image; For example, parallelism enhances the momentum of the article argument; For example, quoting ancient poetry makes the article rich in literary talent.

(2) Model Law: Talking about the function of reference model law.

(3) The writing techniques are relatively fixed, and the common ones are: (1), the combination of example and argument (narrative and discussion); (2), give priority to ... model law. Similarly, doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific examples in the article as examples of analysis.

7. The function of paragraph structure: (1) leads to (all) the following (2) summarizes the previous (all) text (3) connects the preceding with the following.

As an argumentative paragraph, it must be answered in combination with stylistic features.

If the opening paragraph often leads to the central argument (topic), then we can refer to the following two examples of specific answer formats for use or adaptation:

(1), at the beginning, through writing examples to illustrate ..., put forward the central argument ... (or lead to ...).

(2) At the beginning, by quoting famous sayings, put forward the central argument … (or lead to the topic of …).

(3) At the beginning, by quoting interesting stories of celebrities (or …) to put forward the central argument … (or …) also played a role in attracting readers to read and enhancing the interest of discussion.

For the function of the ending paragraph, please refer to 4: "The content at the end".

Third, explain the knowledge and skills of reading.

(1) classification

1. From the description object: the description of things and the description of things.

2. From the linguistic features of expository writing: simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.

(2) Interpretation sequence: time sequence, spatial order and logical sequence.

Specific analysis of logical order: subject-secondary, cause-result, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part.

Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?

Answer format: This paper uses the order of explanation to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled in with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled in with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )

(3) the method of interpretation

1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.

2. Common interpretation methods:

(4) Linguistic analysis of expository texts.

1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.

First, accurate. This is the same feature of general expositions. B, vivid or concise. From the perspective of different Chinese styles. To comment on the language features of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.

The format is as follows: This paper fully embodies the characteristics of accurate (vivid or concise) language, such as the sentence "……", which accurately (vividly or concisely) explains the characteristics (reasons) of the thing "……".

2. Comments on specific articles/sentences/words are basically the same as above.

The function of words has the following exam forms:

A, what is the function of adding words? B, can you change the word? C. Add some words that can be deleted?

This kind of questions often need to be answered in combination with the characteristics of the accuracy of the interpretation language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of the language) The second question type should also compare the differences in answers between the two. The third question type should also add the expression "after deletion, it does not conform to people's understanding of objective things or to objective facts".

(5) Analysis of explanatory writing.

1, combined with interpretation method

Mode: This article mainly adopts the method of explanation ... to explain ... (content: the characteristics of things or things) in order to explain ... (role: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its role)

2, combined with rhetoric.

Mode: This is a vivid explanatory article, which uses a lot of rhetorical devices to illustrate … (content), making the explanation of the article vivid.

3, combined with expressions.

Narration and description make the description more specific; Expressing opinions makes explanations more emotional. Then, from this point of view, the format of explanatory text is as follows: this paper comprehensively uses a variety of expressions, in addition to explanation, there are … (from "narrative, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), which makes the explanation more specific/emotional by using … (expression).

(6) Explain the function of paragraphs

There are three angles to answer this question: (1), structure and content: leading down, connecting the preceding with the following, summarizing the full text/previous article. Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of leading out the object of explanation/explaining things.

(2), combined with interpretation. Explain ... (features or things) by the method of interpretation of ..., so as to explain ... (functions).