Why were Song people ridiculed in pre-Qin literature?

The ridicule of the Song people is closely related to his country.

Why do jokes always happen to Song people and are relished by scholars all over the world? Why do people in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period like to talk about the shortcomings of "Song people" and make fun of them? The reason for this is the following：

First, Song State was founded by descendants of Yin people. After the demise of the Shang Dynasty, in order to maintain its worship (before the Warring States period, the rise and fall were the principles that all nobles should abide by), Wu Geng, Wu Geng and their ordinary brothers Wei Laibai Yin were first established. This is the state of Song. Its location is in Shangqiu, Henan Province today. Song Guojun often said modestly that Song was a "legacy of national subjugation", which is actually a fact. Losers are weak, and the strong laugh at the weak as if it were an iron law. People in Wei Zhuang laugh at Ah Q, who laughs at Wang Hu, Little D or Little nun.

Second, the knighthood in the Song Dynasty was "public", which was the highest in the early Zhou Dynasty. On a par with it, only the feudal state of the Duke of Zhou, Lu, and even the feudal state, Qi, was just a knight of Hou. Song was given a high title, but the country was weak (Mozi satirized Chu for attacking Song because a millionaire stole something and ruined it), and it was always defeated in the Spring and Autumn Period. The rulers of other vassal States were jealous and looked down on Song State, and ridicule could relieve the pain caused by jealousy.

Thirdly, since the Song Dynasty was after Yin, the rulers of other countries mostly took Zhou Ji's surname, and the culture of Zhou and Yin was very different. Wang Guowei said in On the System of Yin and Zhou Dynasties: "The political and cultural changes in China were not staged during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties." Although, after the Song Dynasty sealed the Yin people, the political system would not completely maintain the style of the Shang dynasty, and it would certainly move closer to Zhou, but many things of the Yin people would inevitably be preserved in cultural customs. In his later years, Confucius dreamed of "drinking between two water chestnuts", saying that this was the custom of the Yin people. Because he is a Yin man, I'm afraid his life will be numbered. It can be seen that the Yin people still have many customs different from those of the Zhou people. This will make the rulers and people of many vassal States around the Song Dynasty disgusted (for example, Ah Q looked down on the city people and called the "bench"; Stir-fried bighead carp without half an inch of onion leaves, with "shredded onion" and so on. ) is considered heterogeneous. Song people will naturally be laughed at by Zhou people. Everything in the eyes of Yin people is ridiculous, so when it comes to fools' jokes, later generations often follow the example of Song people.

Fourthly, since the Western Zhou Dynasty entered the Spring and Autumn Period, wars between vassal states have been frequent, political forces have been reorganized, the original aristocratic system has collapsed, and the rules of the game in aristocratic society have gradually disappeared. Strangely, the Song State, whose national strength is getting lower and lower, still retains many etiquette systems that are not suitable for competing for nobility. For example, Song Xianggong's "Don't beat drums, don't line up" (the other side didn't line up, so he didn't attack) and "Don't kill two hairs" (don't kill veterans), which is the rule of aristocratic war and I didn't understand it in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Zuo Zhuan is often written as a joke when he writes that the Song State fought against other countries, which shows that people in the Spring and Autumn Period laughed at some practices of the rulers of the Song State and the Yin people.

There were some special figures in the Song Dynasty. Does this have anything to do with the Yin nationality? Zheng Guo (Zheng Guo is not very powerful) attacked the Song Dynasty, and Guo Song Huayuan sent troops to resist the invaders. War is not good for Song. A general in the Song Dynasty was brave and good at fighting, but when he saw people fleeing to the well, he gave the handle of the halberd to Zheng people to save himself from the well. Unexpectedly, Zheng Guoren took this opportunity to capture it crazily. Huayuan was also captured when the two armies fought, because he forgot to pour mutton for his chariot commander at the pre-war banquet. When the two countries were at war, the commander-in-chief said: "Divide the mutton, you are the master; Since the fight started, I am the master. " So, he rushed the chariot into Zheng Jun. Huayuan was captured. Later, Song used 65,438+000 personnel carriers. 400 horses redeemed Huayuan. Just after the ransom was paid in half, Huayuan took the opportunity to sneak back. Outside the Song Kingdom, he stood at the gate and signed up. Yang Zhen ran back first. Huayuan saw him and said, "Not bad. Is there something wrong with your horse? " The sheep replied, "I did it on purpose, and I can't blame the horse." Yang Zhen took Huayuan and ran to Shandong. Song strengthened the city wall to prevent Zheng from invading again. Huayuan is in charge of this matter On one occasion, when he was inspecting the project, the migrant workers who built the city sang a rammed song: "With big eyes and a big belly, the defeated army will be very proud!" The thick beard is full of cheeks, and you can escape without a helmet and armor! "Huayuan asked his deputy to answer," All cows have skins, and there are many rhinos in the wilderness. What is it to lose some armor? The builder sang again, "Even if the rhinoceros has skin, where can you find paint?" "Huayuan said to his deputy," there are many of them. We can't beat them. Let's go! "This is a record of the history of the war in the Song Dynasty, and it is also a reflection of the character of the Song people. Crazy, cunning, brave and kind, but not suitable for being a general. The same is true of Huayuan, who has all the aristocratic upbringing, courage, obedience to the system, courtesy and tolerance, and always leaves room for others ... However, all this is because he lost the battle and became a defeated soldier who abandoned his armor. So those good qualities have become jokes, and everyone, including the author of Zuo Zhuan, has not forgiven him. Beating each other almost became the only value at that time, and everything else could be ignored. Later generations often say that "success or failure is at stake." Actually, it started at this time. Such people will certainly be regarded as idiots in the fierce competition and in the era when victory is the only rule.