Why did the Qing Dynasty unify the whole country at 1662?

1644 Li Zicheng entered Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished.

166 1 year, Li Dingguo in Nanming was defeated, Li Yong fled to Myanmar, and was later sacrificed to the Qing court, and Nanming perished.

China is dead, Tartars are enthroned, traitors are in power, and blood shed is in the south of the Yangtze River.

Nanming history, please see:

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Three regimes in Nanming:

The first regime of Nanming was established by Axe King and Zhu Yousong in Nanjing in May of the first year of Shunzhi (1644). The country name was Hong Guang, which was known as "Hong Guang regime" or "Axe King regime" in history. This regime was monopolized by Ma Shiying, a university student in Dongge, and Ruan Dacheng, a eunuch and minister of the Ministry of War, with dark politics, corruption and internal contradictions. Shi Kefa was exiled and stationed in Yangzhou, Jiangbei in the name of Du Shi. In April of the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing army invaded Yangzhou, Shi Kefa was killed and the axe king was captured. Hong Guang's regime is dead.

The second regime of Nanming Dynasty was established in Fuzhou in the second year of Shunzhi (1645) by Tang Wang Zhu, with the name of longwu, which was called "Longwu regime" or "Tang Wang regime" in history. The following year, when the Qing army entered Fujian, He was captured and died.

The third regime of Nanming was established in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province in the third year of Shunzhi (1646) by Gui Wang Zhu Youlang. It has a perpetual calendar and is called "eternal regime" in history. Later, the regime retreated to the clouds and used the remnants of Li Zicheng and Zhang to fight against the Qing Dynasty, so it existed for fifteen years.

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Six emperors of Nanming

Nanming Hong Guang-Axe King-Zhu Youyong

Hong Guangdi Zhu Youkun (AD? -1646), grandson of Ming Shenzong Zhu Yijun. Cousin of Emperor Chongzhen. After Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in Beijing, he proclaimed himself emperor in Nanjing. After two years in office, he was killed after being tied to the Qing army by the rebels in the water war, and his burial place is unknown.

Zhu's eldest son, a native. In 164 1 year, Li Zicheng attacked Luoyang, killed Zhu, and escaped to live in Jianghuai. Axe King was attacked at 1643. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, they fled to Huai 'an (now Huai 'an County, Jiangsu Province). 1644 in may, Fengyang satrap Ma Shiying, company commanders Alex Gao, Liu Zeqing, Huang Degong and Liu Liangzuo set up a state supervisor in Nanjing, and successively proclaimed themselves emperor, changing their country name to Hong Guang, thus establishing the first regime in Nanming.

After Zhu Youyong proclaimed himself emperor, he became the enemy of the peasant army and dreamed of making peace with the Qing army. He is in trouble, but he is stupid and decadent. He ignored state affairs, indulged in debauchery, forced civilians into the palace, entrusted power to courtiers such as Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng, and rejected Lindong Party members headed by Shi Kefa.

Why does Zhu Youyong exclude Lindong party member? There's an episode here. The original father, Zhu, was a loser of the "national disaster" during the Wanli period. At that time, Emperor Wanli loved it very much and regarded his son Zhu as the apple of his eye. In addition, Zheng Guifei blew air at the bedside of Emperor Wanli all day, and Emperor Wanli had long had a new idea of abandoning the old and drawing the new. Emperor Wanli first made Zheng your concubine, but the mother of the eldest son was still a concubine, which broke away from the ancient system. Secondly, when Zhu Changluo grew up, he refused to let him go to school, and then he came up with the idea of three kings through camp, sealing all governors and lowering the status of the eldest son, which was blocked by ministers (mainly Lindong party member) and failed. Later, on the issue of establishing a prince, the two sides fought fiercely. According to the principle of feudal patriarchal clan system, the party resolutely opposed the establishment of Zhu as a prince, which lasted more than 10 years. It was not until A.D. 1600 that the eldest son was made a prince by Emperor Wanli, and Zhu was finally made a prince in Luoyang. The axe king was finally killed by Li Zicheng in Luoyang. Therefore, the son of Zhu has no good impression on the party psychologically. Naturally, it is biased towards the party's opponent, the Yan Party.

In the inner-party struggle, Hong Guang favored courtiers such as Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng, and was not prepared to defend the Qing army, which directly led to Hong Guang's failure.

In A.D. 1645, the so-called "Three Mysteries" broke out in the stormy little court of Hong Guang, namely, the case of great compassion, the case of prince and the case of child princess. The first is the great compassion case. Great sorrow is a monk, and the layman's surname is Zhu. King Lu believed in Buddhism and once recognized him as his family. Because the party once wanted to hold Lu as emperor, it kept him under strict supervision for fear that he might usurp the throne. At this time, the merciful monk came to Nanking. Emperor Hong Guang suspected that he was spying for King Lu, so he locked him up and sentenced him to death. Followed by the Prince case, a young man who claimed to be Prince Zhu Ciliang of Chongzhen came to Nanjing from the north. Fearing that his throne would be taken away by him, Emperor Hong Guang hastily decided that he was a fake prince and put him in prison. Finally, Tong Fei's case, when Li Zicheng captured Luoyang, escaped from the city of Prince Zhu Youkun and married the girl in Zhou Palace in Kaifeng for life. Now Kimmy has traveled thousands of miles to Nanjing to find her husband, but he refused to admit it, and put him in prison and tortured him to death.

These three cases set off a storm in the city, causing a series of chain reactions. The Prince case, in particular, accelerated the demise of the Hong Guang regime. Zuo Liangyu, who was guarding the upper reaches of Nanjing at that time, was hand-picked by the Party member Hou Yao and had a good relationship with the Party members. He was wary of Yan Dang and emperors such as Ma and Ruan, and the Prince case provided him with an excuse, so he went down the river in the name of Qingbian. At the same time, the Qing army, led by Prince Yu of Qing Dynasty, was storming after occupying Ann and defeating the peasant army in Li Zicheng. At this point, Hong Guang, Ma Shiying and others ordered the Ming army in the Jiangbei defense line to attack Zuo Liangyu, which made the Jiangbei defense line wide open and chaotic without fighting.

1645 In May, Prince Yu of the Qing Dynasty led the Qing army to wash Yangzhou and then crossed the river to Nanjing. When the alarm clock rang, Zhu Youyong was still drinking and having a good time. He packed his bags in a hurry, took his love princess with him at midnight on 10, and secretly escaped from Tongji Gate, abandoning the city and fleeing to Huang Degong's army in Wuhu. The next day, after the Qing army came, Zhu Youkun and Effie hid in Huang Degong's boat. The two armies fought a water war, and Huang Degong was shot dead by a cold arrow. Tian Wei took the opportunity to rebel, tied Zhu Youyong and his beloved princess together and gave them to the Qing army for credit. He was taken back to Nanjing on May 25th. In September, he was escorted to Beijing. The following year, he was killed in Chaicheng outside Xuanwu Gate in Beijing.

Zhu Youyong is also known as the Emperor Hong Guang and the King of Axes.

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Nanming Li Yong-Wang Gui-Zhu Youlang

Zhu Youlang (A.D. 1623- 1662), grandson of Zhu Yijun, Ming Shenzong. Qing soldiers entered the customs, and he proclaimed himself emperor in Zhaoqing, Guangdong. /kloc-ascended the throne in 0/5, was chased by Qing soldiers and fled to Myanmar. Later, he was strangled by Wu Sangui in Kunming at the age of 40. The burial place is unknown.

Zhu Youlang, Gui Wang Zhu Changyingzi, attacked the ghost king, and was named Yongming King in Chongzhen. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, he immigrated to Guangxi and lived in Wuzhou. 1646 65438+ 10, Ding Chukui, Lu Daqi, Chen Zizhuang and others were honored as state supervisors, and later they became emperors in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, and the year of their establishment was named Li Yong.

At this time, Zhu, the younger brother of the Tang Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor in Guangzhou and established Yuan Shaowu. At the critical moment, the Li Yong regime and the Shaowu regime could not unite, contended for the so-called orthodox position and attacked each other. Shaowu regime was destroyed by the Qing army only 40 days after its establishment, and Zhu Youlang also fled to Guangxi under the promotion of the Qing army. The situation was extremely dangerous.

At this time, the Li Yong regime began to cooperate with the peasant army to resist the Qing Dynasty. Zhu Youlang first cooperated with the remnants of Dashun Army in Li Zicheng. After Li Zicheng's death, the rest were divided into two branches, led by Hao, Liu Tichun, Gao Yi, who successively entered Hunan, and joined forces with He Tengjiao, governor of Minghuguang, and Du Yinxi, governor of Hubei to fight against the Qing Dynasty. 1647, Hao's guards fled to Liuzhou, their residence in Guangxi, and attacked Guilin. At the end of the year, the Qing army was defeated in Quanzhou and entered Hunan. The following year, the remnants of Dashun Army, together with He Tengjiao and Qu Shizhen's troops, won repeatedly in Hunan and almost recovered the whole territory of Hunan. At this time, the anti-Qing struggles in Guangdong, Sichuan and other places resumed, and Jin Shenghuan, the general of the Qing army in Jiangxi, and Li Chengdong, the general of the Qing army in Guangzhou, were successively dismissed. Anyway, the anti-Qing forces behind the Qing army also launched a large-scale offensive. The area controlled by Li Yong regime once expanded to Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi and Sichuan provinces. The climax of the first anti-Qing struggle appeared in the Nanming period.

However, there are many contradictions within the Li Yong regime, and various political forces attack each other. The peasant army was also excluded, unable to unite against the enemy, giving the Qing army a chance to breathe. 1649 to 1650, He Tengjiao and Qu Shizhen, generals of the peasant army, were captured and sacrificed in the battles of Xiangtan and Guilin, and the Qing army reoccupied Hunan and Guangxi. Other newly recovered lost land has also been lost. Soon after, Li passed away, and his son Li Laiheng and other peasant army generals led his army to break away from the Li Yong regime in Nanming and fight against the Qing Dynasty independently.

1652, Zhu Youlang, who was desperate, accepted Zhang's proposal to join forces with Li Dingguo, the remnants of the Great Western Army, to fight against the Qing Dynasty and take refuge in the peasant army in Anlong, Guizhou. At this time, Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo have occupied all of Yunnan. This year, Li Dingguo launched a counterattack and led 80,000 troops out of Guangxi, down to Guilin and into Hunan and Guangdong. Kong Youde, the southern king of Qing Dynasty stationed in Guilin, committed suicide after defeat. Then he killed Ni Kan, commander-in-chief of the Qing army in Hengzhou. "Two famous kings shook the world." . At the same time, Liu Wenxiu also attacked Sichuan and recovered southern Sichuan. Zhang Huangyan and other anti-Qing armies along the southeast coast also launched attacks and accepted the title of Li Yong. The anti-Qing struggle reached its climax again.

Unfortunately, the conflict between Sun Kewang and Li Dingguo broke out at this time, which destroyed the excellent situation. Jealous of Li Dingguo's powerful work, and plotting to kill Li. Li Dingguo fled to Guangdong, hoping to join hands with Zheng Chenggong to recapture Guangzhou, but he was defeated and weakened. He retreated to Guizhou and took Li Yong, who was hijacked by Sun Kewang. 1656, Li Dingguo brought Guiwang back to Yunnan. The following year, Sun Kewang led the army to conquer Li Dingguo, and the Great Western Army fought with each other. Although Sun Kewang has many troops, he is arrogant and jealous, and his morale is not taken seriously. He defected to the front and was defeated by Li Dingguo. In A.D. 1658, Sun Kewang was cleared by the Qing army, and both Guizhou and Guangxi were occupied by the Qing army, which made Zhu Youlang lose all his territory. In AD 1659, the Qing soldiers pursued in three ways, and Zhu Youlang was helpless. /kloc-fled to Myanmar in 0/2, and was disarmed by the Burmese army and placed in a thatched cottage, which was very humiliating. Li Dingguo has repeatedly made representations to welcome him back to Yunnan, but the king of Myanmar refused.

In A.D. 1662, Wu Sangui invaded Myanmar and demanded Zhu Youlang from the king of Myanmar. King Wadamo of Myanmar was self-reliant, unstable internally and unable to confront Wu Sangui, so he agreed to Wu Sangui's request, sent 3000 troops, surrounded Zhu Youlang's residence, pretended to swear with Zhu Youlang, and asked his subordinates to go out and drink cursed water. His followers came out second and were killed one by one, killing 42 people. Zhu Youlang knew that it was difficult to get away, and wrote a tearful letter to Wu Sangui, reprimanding Wu Sangui for rebellion and ingratitude. Finally, he said, I am weak now, and my fate is in your hands. If I can live, I will give you anything. Wu Sangui refused to allow, but still stepped up to urge the king of Myanmar. The King of Myanmar sent soldiers to carry Zhu Youlang to Wu Sangui Barracks, and he cried with 25 family members. Wu Sangui took him back to Yunnan and detained him in Kunming. Wu Sangui was worried that if he was escorted to Beijing, he would be in danger of being robbed by anti-Qing people. With the approval of the Qing court, Zhu Youlang and his family were taken to Bizipo, Kunming to be hanged in April 14. Since then, Bijipo has been renamed Forced Slope.

Zhu Youlang is called Li Yong, also known as Wang Gui.

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Shao-Zhu, Emperor of Southern Ming Dynasty

Zhu Yuxi (AD? -1647), the younger brother of Emperor Zhu of the Long Dynasty, was captured. He was made emperor and ruled for 40 days. After being captured by the Qing army, he hanged himself, and the burial place is unknown.

Zhu's younger brother, Zhu Yu 1646, was captured by the Qing army and fled from Fuzhou to Guangzhou. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Su, Gu, Lin Cha and others of Longwu University proclaimed him emperor, and changed his title to Shaowu.

When Zhu Yu ascended the throne, he even talked about ostentation and extravagance. In order to prepare palaces, clothes and halogen books, they harassed the people and ordered every household to decorate with lights, and the night was like day. Within 10 days after he ascended the throne, he appointed thousands of officials and asked them to enter the palace in royal robes. See "Royal". Officials didn't have royal clothes, so they had to borrow them instead, which was handed down as a joke by people at that time.

As soon as Zhu ascended the throne, in the same month, he competed with Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province, for the orthodox position. He also recruited pirates from all walks of life in an attempt to strengthen his own strength. A rogue named Yang from Chaozhou came to Guangzhou to boast that he had 65,438+10,000 elite soldiers in Chaozhou and Huizhou, but Zhu actually named him Governor of Chaohui, granted him the power to appoint and remove all local officials, and gave them official seals. After Yang returned to his hometown, he collected money in one hand, delivered goods in the other and auctioned his official position.

In 65438+February of the same year, the general of the Qing army took advantage of the killing of the two kings, Tang and Gui, to attack the Chaoshan area in Guangdong from Fujian. As a result, all local officials who bought jobs with money were removed, and they were ordered to report their feelings to Guangzhou Zhu on time, so that Zhu did not know that the Chaoshan area had fallen into the hands of the Qing army. Then, Li Chengdong invaded Guangzhou. On February 25, 65438, when Zhu Zheng was preparing to be accompanied by Su to inspect the training of the army, he suddenly received a report that the Qing army was approaching the city gate, and Su also cursed the reporter for talking nonsense. When the Qing soldiers entered the city gate, Zhu's main force was unable to resist because he was transferred to fight, so he had to flee to the brother of the minister Wang. In order to clear the Qing Dynasty, Liang Bing tricked Su into hanging himself, and volunteered to lead the Qing soldiers into the Wang family, found Zhu, and detained him in the East Inspection Institute. Qing soldiers brought food, Zhu Yu said, if I drink a drop of water from you, how can I go to see my ancestors in the underground and resolutely hunger strike? That night, while the defenders were unprepared, he took off his belt and hanged himself. After his death, 24 members of the Ming royal family in Guangzhou were killed by Qing soldiers.

Historically known as Emperor Shao. Zhu was not a good emperor, but he showed some integrity after being captured, which is also commendable.

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Nanming Wanglu-Zhu Yihai

Zhu Yihai (A.D. 16 18- 1662), the grandson of Zhu Tan IX, the king of Lu, entered the customs, and he became a state supervisor. After nine years in prison, Zheng Chenggong drowned in the sea and died of illness. At the age of 45.

In A.D. 1644, Zhu Yihai, the grandson of Zhu Tan IX, the tenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, was made king of Lu. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, he immigrated to Taizhou (now Linhai County, Zhejiang Province). In May of A.D. 1645, after Hong Guang was captured, Qian and others made him the "supervisor of Shaoxing".

As soon as Zhu Yihai came to power, he competed for the so-called orthodox position with the Zhu regime of Fujian Emperor Longwu.

In A.D. 1646, Belle Boluo of the Qing Dynasty took advantage of Zhu Yihai's main force to fight against Emperor Longwu and crossed the Qiantang River. Zhang Guowei was defeated and killed. Ma Shiying and Ruan Dacheng, former officials of Emperor Hong Guang who came to take refuge in Zhu Yihai, took the opportunity to instigate the headquarters to hijack Zhu Yihai for the Qing government. After Zhu Yihai noticed it, he hurriedly fled to Shipu alone and met Hou Zhangmingzhen in Dingxi. Under the escort of Zhang Mingzhen, he boarded a ship and went to sea. Based on Nan 'ao Island, I entered Zhoushan on 1649, intending to see the light of day again with Zhang Huangyan. In A.D. 165 1 year, Zhoushan was captured by Qing soldiers, and Zhu Yihai, accompanied by Zhang Mingzhen and Zhang Huangyan, cancelled the name of supervising the country and went to Xiamen to take refuge in Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Chenggong is a staunch supporter of the Qianlong regime. He was dissatisfied that Zhu Yihai's enemies were still killing each other with Emperor Longwu, weakening the anti-Qing forces. However, whether studying Zhu Yihai for the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty or being polite, he was arranged to live in Kinmen. In A.D. 1662, Zhu Yihai wanted to cross the ocean and return to South Australia to develop her strength, which caused Zheng Chenggong's dissatisfaction. Zheng Chenggong sent someone to sink him in the sea, saying that Zhu Yihai had died of illness.

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Nanming Diding-Hanwang-Zhu Benxuan

Emperor Zhu Benxuan (AD? -1664), a Ming imperial clan, was promoted as emperor by the Ministry of Li Zicheng and died in 18 and 1664. The cause of death and burial place are unknown.

Zhu Benxuan, attack as the king of Korea. 1646, the Ministry of Li Zicheng named Hao Yongzhong (formerly known as Hao) as Lianming Kangqing, promoted to emperor, and changed his title to Dingwu.

Relying on the support of peasant army, Zhu Benxuan's regime has been active in Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Sichuan and other places to compete with the Qing soldiers. 1663, when the peasant army attacked Wushan, Sichuan, it was defeated by the Qing army, and Hao Yongzhong was captured and killed. The next year, Zhu Benxuan died, and the cause of death was unknown.

Nanming perished. Zhu Benxuan is known as Emperor Ding, also known as the king of South Korea.

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Emperor Longwu of Nanming-Tang Wang

Zhu (1602- 1646), emperor of the Tang Dynasty, lived in a small font. The grandson of Ming Taizu IX, in the fifth year of Chongzhen (1632), attacked the Tang King and lived in Nanyang. In the ninth year (1636), he led the army to protect the diligent king without authorization, abandoned it as Shu Ren and set up Fengyang. After Hongguang pardoned, he moved to Pingle. When Hong Guang died, he was supported by Zheng Hongkui and Huang Daozhou, serving as the army supervisor in Fuzhou. Acceded to the throne soon, the title of longwu. He contacted the anti-Qing rebels in various places and repeatedly discussed the beginning of the Northern Expedition. However, he was controlled by Zheng Zhilong and clashed with the Wang Lu regime in eastern Zhejiang, and finally achieved nothing. In the second year of Longwu (the third year of Shunzhi, 1646), the Qing soldiers entered Fujian and fled to Tingzhou to be killed. The eternal dynasty is honored as the emperor of Si Wen.