The appearance of chopsticks in classical Chinese

1. I urgently need a classical Chinese explanation about chopsticks. Who can help me?

Today, there are things here, and they stand in pairs. Use the same one, and divide the body into yin and yang. Or to analyze the willows and fold them. Or use the jade to sharpen the rhinoceros. There is no ominous sign of a knife and dagger, and it is a celebration of the two sides. The feast of the association will be your taste. Fang Yin Zhou's failure, Wei Zi's use is attributed to Zhou Bang. In the battle between the Han and the Gao, Liu Hou tried to win the battle. The wine of childhood was in full swing, and Liu Xianzhu missed it and hid it in bed. Ten thousand dollars are listed, and he yuan is disappointed by the referendum. After the tiger change in Tang and Song Dynasties, it became a red sheep. Is the map of Wang Ba in place? A tree close at hand is harmless. It has been passed down for thousands of years, and it has risen and fallen several times. Three hundred times, I lost all my etiquette, and I didn't even see the crown of the middle summer. Alas, it's very strange.

Part of the article can't be explained in the main body. Please comment. 2. Introduce the shape of chopsticks in about 5 words

I am a pair of chopsticks with simple structure, born in ancient China, and honored to be called "the fifth great invention of China".

Since I took root in China, after a long period of development, our chopsticks family has become very large, with many sisters. There are bamboo, wood, plastic, ivory, gold, silver and so on. Usually, our height is about 25 cm, the lower end is round and the upper end is square, which looks symmetrical and lovely.

People can hardly eat without me, because I am their tool. Before eating, people will gently take me out of the chopsticks pocket, put it on the table, and use me directly after the food is ready; After eating, they will put me away, clean me and send me back to the chopsticks pocket. It goes on and on until we are "old-fashioned" and finally "dead".

3. Solving the shape of chopsticks with gossip knowledge

There are

chopsticks in Baidu that are straight and long, and two chopsticks are a pair. Holding food with chopsticks is not two moving at the same time, but one is active and the other is driven; One on the top and one on the bottom. The combination of two chopsticks becomes a Tai Chi, the active one is Yang and the driven one is Yin; The one on the top is yang, and the one on the bottom is yin. This is the image of two instruments. Yin-yang interaction can be used; Yin and Yang are separated, and this Tai Chi does not exist. This is the unity of opposites, and yin and yang are mutually rooted. Two chopsticks can be interchanged, the active one is not always active, and the next one is not always in the next one. This is yin and yang variability.

Look at chopsticks. One end is square and the other is round. Square symbolizes the earth, and round symbolizes the sky. The square is Kun Gua, and the round is Gan Gua, so the image of Gan Kun appears. Kun gua has the meaning of handle, handle and handle; Dry divination symbolizes the sky, symbolizing the first. As the saying goes, food is the sky for the people, which probably comes from it. Holding the chopstick handle in hand and holding the food with the chopstick head, Kun is on the top and dry on the bottom. This is the divination of Di Tian Tai, which is smooth and smooth, of course auspicious; Holding the chopstick head in hand, holding the food with the chopstick handle, doing it on the top and Kun on the bottom, this is the hexagram of Heaven and Earth No (pǐ), no, it's blocked, isn't it ridiculous to use it like this?

When using chopsticks, chopsticks naturally divide our five fingers into three parts, with thumb and forefinger at the top, ring finger and pinkie at the bottom and middle finger at the center. In this way, the image of the three talents of heaven, earth and man is realized, and the way of the three talents of heaven, earth and man exists in China.

The ring finger and the little finger symbolize the tunnel. The ring finger and the little finger are weak, and they are in the next position. They must rely on each other, symbolizing the broad masses of people. They must respect and love each other, support each other, respond with one voice and seek for the same spirit. It symbolizes that it is difficult to be alone in dealing with people, and it is difficult for people to succeed without assistance.

Thumb and forefinger symbolize heaven on the earth. Among the five fingers, the index finger is the most important, and it is the most skillful to bend and stretch, and it is the best to grasp the direction. It symbolizes officials and chiefs, giving orders, dominating others' interests, but acting recklessly, and finally attracting great disasters, which can only be achieved by thumb control. What does the thumb symbolize? Symbolizing supervision, symbolizing law, symbolizing people's hearts and symbolizing the laws of nature ... This is said from different levels and cannot be ignored. Finger dexterity, thumb clumsy, dexterity for use, clumsy restriction. Therefore, the heaven is still changing, but it cannot be changed indiscriminately. Heaven goes hiking, but heaven doesn't say anything.

Among the five fingers, the middle finger is the longest, which is in the human position, symbolizing that human beings are the main body and the spiritual length of all things. However, living in an awkward position between the two chopsticks symbolizes the middle-level leadership, with public grievances and official prestige; It symbolizes that people are in middle age, and they should be filial when they have a high school, and they need milk when they have a weak child ... In a word: it is difficult to be a man! But only doing is the longest. Middle age is not easy, but it is the most brilliant.

Chopsticks are simple, just two sticks, which can be seen everywhere. This is simplicity. Chopsticks are also diverse, with wood and bamboo, gold and silver, and the variety of chopsticks is easy. Although chopsticks change a lot, chopsticks are straight and long, and the situation that two chopsticks are a pair has never changed. This is the essential attribute of things that is not easy. Simplicity, change and difficulty are the three principles of the Book of Changes. For example, it is simple for a person to be represented by only one name; But his appearance, fate, mood ... are always changing, which is change; But he, whether he is a man or a woman or a woman, has worldly desires, who is born and dies, which is not easy. By extension, not so.

the book of changes and chopsticks

the book of changes is all-encompassing, and the yin and yang of Tai Chi are infinitely separable, with the big being nothing but the small being nothing. Yi Li is also human, just around us, only "people use it for daily use and don't know it." Talking with chopsticks may be beneficial.

Yi Gua helps people understand that food is the most important thing: two chopsticks, and two innate hexagrams are exchanged. Exchange, for mouth, for eating. Chopsticks are straight and long, which is a hexagram. Xun, for the wood, for the entry. Together, it means eating with chopsticks. What's in the entrance? It's a chopstick head Chopsticks with round heads are for divination and for heaven. Isn't it "heaven" to eat like this? Therefore, it is believed that "food is the most important thing for the people" comes from here. 4. How to describe the shape of chopsticks in about 1 words ~ This is the topic of foreign teachers, and I also feel embarrassed < P > Chopsticks are straight and long, and two are a pair.

Using chopsticks to hold food is not two moving at the same time, but one is active and the other is driven; One on the top and one on the bottom. The combination of two chopsticks becomes a Tai Chi, the active one is Yang and the driven one is Yin; The one on the top is yang, and the one on the bottom is yin. This is the image of two instruments.

the interaction of yin and yang can be used; Yin and Yang are separated, and this Tai Chi does not exist. This is the unity of opposites, and yin and yang are mutually rooted.

two chopsticks can be interchanged, the active one is not always active, and the next one is not always in the next one, which means that yin and yang are changeable. Look at chopsticks, one end is square and the other is round.

the square symbolizes the earth, and the circle symbolizes the sky. The square is Kun Gua, and the round is Gan Gua, so the image of Gan Kun appears.

Kun hexagrams have the meaning of handle image, handle and handle; Dry divination symbolizes the sky, symbolizing the first. As the saying goes, food is the sky for the people, which probably comes from it. 5. In ancient times, people paid attention to the shape of chopsticks.

It is said that there is a standard for the length of chopsticks, that is, seven feet six inches, which means that people have worldly desires. People have emotions and desires, but they should learn to be temperate, including when eating. Emotion also means that there is a difference between people and animals, so that there are folk records in the Ming Dynasty. People just saw foreigners eating without chopsticks for the first time, and looking at their eyes is like looking at animals.

Chopsticks are round at one end and square at the other. The round symbolizes the sky and the square symbolizes the place where the sky is round. When using chopsticks, the thumb index finger is on the top, the ring finger little finger is on the bottom, and the middle finger is in the middle, which is the image of "heaven and earth". These are the most primitive world views of the ancients.

Chopsticks are still paired, which is also consistent with the concept of Yin and Yang observed by Chinese people. Single for yin, double for yang, using chopsticks is a combination of yin and yang, which means perfection. Therefore, Chinese people position the quantifier of chopsticks as "a pair". This is also a place that westerners can't understand. There is a joke that if a waiter is called to "get a pair of chopsticks" in a restaurant, it must be from China. And if you say "holding two chopsticks", it must be a foreigner. 6. Chopsticks have several shapes

Chopsticks were called chopsticks in ancient times. The ancient book "Han Feizi Yu Lao" said: "The former was like chopsticks, but ji zi was terrible."

Zhou Wang was the monarch at the end of Shang Dynasty, which shows that chopsticks made of ivory had appeared in China as early as the 11th century BC. In other words, the recorded history of using chopsticks in China has been more than 3 years.

according to the literature, it should be the earliest invention in Shang dynasty. However, archaeology provides some evidence, which should be said to prove that chopsticks were available in the Shang Dynasty, but it can still be taken as a prerequisite.

Because a copper chopstick head was unearthed in a big tomb in Yin Ruins. It's just a sleeve made of copper. Then a wooden pole should be attached to it to make a complete chopstick.

Of course, when it was unearthed now, the wooden pole was rotten. The earliest chopsticks should be relatively simple, and later they were made of copper, gold and silver, and even jade, but bamboo and wood were widely used.

We now find the earliest copper chopsticks, which should belong to the Spring and Autumn Period. Three round copper chopsticks were unearthed in the copper coffin in Xiangyun, Yunnan, and were identified as cultural relics in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period around 495 BC by carbon 14. In addition, a pair of chopsticks was found in a spring and autumn tomb in Guichi, Anhui.

This chopstick is round and flat, but there is no such chopstick with a round head and a square head as we have now. We also want to mention the Han Dynasty stone reliefs.

There are many scenes of using chopsticks in Han Dynasty stone reliefs. Chopsticks are clearly placed on their dining tables, plates and bowls, and they are all portrayed vividly. Among them, there is a picture of a dutiful son, in which his son takes chopsticks and carries a piece of food to his father's mouth to show his filial piety, showing the scene of using chopsticks.

On a mural in Dunhuang, men and women are also sitting around eating. In front of each person, there is a spoon and a pair of chopsticks. These two pieces are indispensable. There are three folk legends about chopsticks. One is that Jiang Ziya was inspired by the divine bird to invent silk and bamboo chopsticks, the other is that da ji invented chopsticks with hostas to win the favor of Zhou Wang, and the other is that Dayu invented chopsticks to save time and get hot food from branches during water control.

1. The legend of Jiang Ziya and chopsticks spread in Sichuan and other places, saying that Jiang Ziya was very poor because he could only fish with a straight hook and could do nothing else. His wife really can't live a hard life with him, so she wants to marry someone else.

Jiang Ziya came home empty-handed after fishing that day. His wife said, "Are you hungry? I've cooked the meat for you, so eat it quickly! " Jiang Ziya was really hungry, so he reached for the meat. Suddenly a bird flew out of the window and pecked him.

He groaned in pain and didn't finish eating the meat, so he hurried to catch the birds. When he went to get the meat for the second time, the bird pecked the back of his hand again.

Jiang Ziya is suspicious. Why did the bird peck me twice? Can't I eat this meat? In order to try the bird, he went to catch meat for the third time, and then the bird came to peck him again. Jiang Ziya knew that it was a divine bird, so he pretended to drive the bird and chased it out the door until it reached an uninhabited hillside.

The divine bird perched on a silk bamboo and whispered, "Jiang Ziya and Jiang Ziya, don't grab the meat with your hands, the meat is under my feet ..." Jiang Ziya listened to the bird's advice, busy picked two thin bamboo and returned home.

At this moment, his wife urged him to eat meat again, so Jiang Ziya put two silk bamboos into the bowl and caught the meat. Suddenly, he saw the silk bamboos sizzling and emitting puffs of smoke. Jiang Ziya pretended not to know about poisoning and said to his wife, "How can meat smoke? Is it poisonous?" Jiang Ziya said, and picked up the meat and sent it to his wife's mouth.

my wife's face turned white with fear, and she hurried out of the door. Jiang Ziya knew that this bamboo was a gift from the God Bird, and any poison could be detected. From then on, he ate with two bamboo sticks for every meal.

after the news came out, not only did his wife dare not poison again, but the neighbors also learned to eat with bamboo branches. Later, more and more people followed suit, and the custom of eating with chopsticks was handed down from generation to generation.

This legend is obviously the product of worshipping Jiang Ziya, which is also inconsistent with historical records. Ivory chopsticks appeared in the Yin Zhou Wang era, and Jiang Ziya and Yin Zhou Wang were contemporaries. Now that Zhou Wang has used ivory chopsticks, Jiang Ziya's silk and bamboo chopsticks are far from being invented.

but it is true that bamboo was used as chopsticks in the south of Shang dynasty. 2. The legend of Da Ji and chopsticks has spread in Jiangsu.

It is said that Shang Zhou is moody. When eating, it doesn't mean that the fish is not fresh, that is, the chicken soup is too hot, and sometimes it is said that the dishes are too cold to eat. As a result, many chefs became the ghosts of his sword.

My favorite princess, Da Ji, already knows that he is difficult to serve, so every time she holds a wine and gives a banquet, she must taste it in advance, so as not to make Zhou Wang angry again. On one occasion, Da Ji had tasted that some bowls of delicious food were too hot, but it was too late to change them, because Zhou Wang had come to the table.

In order to win the favor of Zhou Wang, Da Ji used her quick wits. She quickly took off the long jade pin on her head, picked it up, blew it again and again, and then sent it to Zhou Wang's mouth when the food cooled down. Zhou Wang is a dissolute * * *. He thinks that it is a pleasure to feed Da Ji with food, so he wants Da Ji every day.

Da Ji has asked the craftsman to make two long Hosta dishes specially for her, which is the embryonic form of jade chopsticks. Later, this way of picking vegetables spread to the people, and chopsticks were produced.

This legend, unlike the first legend, is close to life and has some practical significance, but it is still full of legend and does not accord with historical facts. The steel chopsticks unearthed by archaeologists in No.15 tomb of Shang Dynasty in Houjiazhuang, Anyang, were earlier than the Zhou Wang era at the end of Yin Dynasty. Obviously, chopsticks were neither invented by Zhou Wang nor created by Da Ji, but should be an earlier product.

3. The legend of Dayu and chopsticks spread in the northeast. It's about Yao and Shun. 7. Briefly describe the historical evolution of chopsticks

1. The upper limit of time for using chopsticks is uncertain, but it has a history of at least 3, years, and the fork was still used until the Warring States Period.

2. Chopsticks were called "chopsticks" in the pre-Qin period, and were called "chopsticks" in the Han dynasty, and began to be called "chopsticks" in the Ming dynasty.

3. There are also many folk legends about chopsticks. Chopsticks have many handicrafts, and more traditional crafts are incorporated into their design, which has become the choice of people's collection and is deeply loved by foreigners.

4. The relief of chopsticks was found in an ancient Han stove collected by China Kitchen Culture Museum, which filled the blank of the physical evidence of chopsticks and was the only known physical evidence.

Extended information

The food culture contained in a pair of chopsticks

A single family once launched a "chopsticks revolution" in Austrian Chinese restaurants. He recalled the scene when he went to work in an Austrian Chinese restaurant in early 1986. "Almost all the locals used knives and forks. They used forks to fork rice in a small bowl, which was clumsy, so they would buckle the rice into the plate and eat it with vegetables, losing the original wonderful color of Chinese food."

Ten years later, a single family owned his own Chinese restaurant. His Chinese restaurant was replaced by a pair of chopsticks instead of knives and forks. The restaurant also made special regulations to encourage diners to use chopsticks to eat Chinese food, because less than 5% of local guests could use chopsticks at that time.

"So, we saw this picture." Shan Jiaqian told reporters, "Some guests hold a chopstick in their right and left hands, some tie the other end with a rubber band, and some simply eat with a spoon.

I gave them chopsticks to eat Chinese food.