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Zhang Hu (about 782-852), whose name was Ji Cheng. Tang Qinghe (now Qinghe County) people. He suffered many setbacks in officialdom all his life, so he indulged in landscapes and patronized restaurants. His poems are world-famous. Zhang Hu is a famous poet who entered the late Tang Dynasty from the middle Tang Dynasty. Due to his life's downfall, his life story is rarely recorded except his poems. Therefore, it is impossible to know his exact date of birth and death and detailed life. According to research, Zhang Hu was born in Jianzhong, Tang Dezong for three years (782) and died in Dazhong, Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty for six years (852) at the age of 7 1.

Zhang Hu spent his teenage years in Suzhou (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). As an adult, the main range of activities is also between Jianghuai and Wu Chu. Zhang Hu was famous for his poems in his early years. In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799), my Xuanwu army killed Lu Changyuan by the rebels and cooked him for food. 18-year-old listened and wrote a poem "Crying for Dr. Lu in Bianzhou", condemning the atrocities of the disorderly army and expressing condolences for the death of Dr. Lu. This poem has been circulating for some time. Before the age of 30, Zhang Hu was self-reliant, brilliant, did not seek official advancement, indulged in debauchery, wandered around wine kiosks and singing platforms, liked chivalry, pretended to be a knight-errant, and was generous. As a result, he made many jokes. One night, a burly warrior came to see Zhang Hu with a sword around his waist. He was carrying a bag in his hand, and there was something hidden in it, and blood kept oozing from it. After seeing Zhang Hu, the strong man said seriously, "I have an enemy that I haven't found for ten years. I finally found him today. I killed him and got revenge. I am very happy. " He pointed to the luggage with his finger and said, "This is his head." Zhang Hu immediately ordered wine for the strong man. After drinking several glasses of wine, Zhuang Tu said to Zhang Hu, "There is a righteous man thirty miles away. He is my benefactor, and I really want to repay him. When this matter is over, I will have no worries in my life. I heard that Zhang Gong was chivalrous, and I came here to ask for some property. I'll thank the benefactor at once. Then go through fire and water, because you appointed the dog and the chicken. " Zhang Hu liked the strong man very much, so he raised all the money and gave it to the strong man. The strong man happily said to Zhang Hu, "Thank you, I have nothing to worry about. I'll be back when I'm done. " He left his luggage and left with money and things. I went and didn't come back until dawn the next day. Zhang Hu thinks it is always inappropriate to put this head in my position. It might cause trouble, so he ordered someone to bury it. But when I opened it, it was a pig's head. At this point, Zhang Hu suddenly woke up. This time, I was cheated and spread as a joke. Zhang Hu banned chivalry from now on.

Yuanhe ten years (8 15), Zhang Hu was thirty-four years old. Although poetry is famous, it has no future in officialdom and only works as a page in Liyuan, Xuzhou. In the next few years, Zhang Hu traveled everywhere, and his whereabouts were uncertain. In the eighth year of Yuanhe (8 13), (present-day daming county) saved Tian's time and surrendered to the imperial court automatically with the cadastre of six states. This was an earth-shattering event at that time. Zhang Hu was very happy after hearing the news. He immediately rushed to six states in Weibo to look for fields, and wrote a poem praising him: "Leaning on the dragon, the town is quiet in the north. In addition to heart disease, Guoguang is bright. " Praising Tian's righteous act has brought a good social effect of "replacing the official with the new dynasty bureau and cultivating the old battlefield by the people" ("Twelve Rhymes for Wei")

In the fifteenth year of Yuanhe (820), he traveled to Huainan, met a geisha, became a concubine and had children together. At that time, Ling Huchu was the Prime Minister of North Korea. He admired Zhang Hu more, so he told him to take his poems to Chang 'an and recommend them to the emperor. In this way, Zhang Hu arrived in Chang 'an. Linghu Chu selected 300 poems for Xian Zong and wrote a letter recommending: "I have been in the Jianghu for a long time, and I have done a lot of work and studied very hard. My search for images is very deep, and it has been pushed by generations. My style is rare. " I want you to write it down and provide it in harmony with the door. I hope it can be published and handed over to the door of the Chinese book. "At that time, Yuan Zhen was also the Prime Minister of North Korea. Xianzong called him in for advice. Yuan Zhen replied, "Zhang Hu is a small carving bug, so he is not strong enough. If the reward is too heavy, it may change your majesty's moral values. "It means that Zhang Hu's poems are too gorgeous, which hinders social weathering and cannot be employed. In fact, there is a deep dispute between Yuan Zhen and Ling Huchu's cronies. Therefore, Ling Huchu recommended Zhang Hu, and Yuan Zhen stopped it. The city gate caught fire, which affected the fish in the pool. In this case, Zhang Hu became a victim of the struggle of the clique. Xianzong adopted Yuan Zhen's opinion and ignored Zhang Hu. Zhang Hu lived in Chang 'an for three years and got nothing. This is the first blow that Zhang Hu suffered when he tried to embark on his official career. But Zhang Hu didn't lose heart. He changed the way of seeking fame, thinking about moving from imperial examination to officialdom. According to the system of the Tang dynasty, taking the Jinshi exam requires the recommendation of local officials. Zhang Hu wanted to think. Bai Juyi, the secretariat of Hangzhou at that time, was the most famous literary official among local officials. He is also a little poet. Looking for Bai Juyi can probably get a strong recommendation. So, in the spring of the fourth year of Mu Zong Changqing (824), Zhang Hu left Chang 'an and rushed to Hangzhou, hoping that Bai Juyi could recommend himself as the first in Xie Yuan. However, I didn't expect Bai Juyi to give him the first place, but he recommended another person. It turns out that Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen are close friends, and Bai Juyi naturally won't help Yuan Zhen. Zhang Hu defected to Bai Juyi, which is undoubtedly the wrong object. The blow was too much for Zhang Hu. In a fit of pique, Zhang Hu gave up the idea of becoming famous. Later, although some dignitaries recommended him, Zhang Hu eventually roamed the rivers and lakes or traveled around like Chu Shi in Buyi. Or a guest appearance, and no longer enjoy the salary of the court.

Eight years of Daiwa (834). At the age of 53, Zhang Hu met Du Mu, a famous poet at that time, in Huainan. Du Mu is the secretary of Huainan our time. Du Mu warmly received Zhang Hu. This is the first time they have met. As a result of mutual promotion, they soon formed a profound friendship. There will be more poetic exchanges between them in the future.

In the ninth year of Daiwa (835), Zhang Hu returned to Chang 'an. This autumn, the famous "Ganlu Change" took place in the history of the Tang Dynasty. So Zhang Hu left Chang 'an and returned to Jiangnan. In the following years, Zhang Hu lived in Danyang (now Danyang City, Jiangsu Province) most of the time except for occasional travel. In September of the fifth year of Huichang in Tang Wuzong (845), Du Mu was appointed as the secretariat of Chizhou (now Guichi County, Anhui Province) and wrote a Danyang poem for him. There is a saying that "a savage is not necessarily a savage, but the satrap must be Meng Changjun." Du Mu was very happy after receiving this poem and warmly invited Zhang Hu to meet him in Chizhou. When Zhang Hu came to Chizhou, it coincided with the Double Ninth Festival on September 9. Traditional customs have the saying of climbing mountains to avoid evil spirits. So, two old friends happily went to Qishan, south of Chizhou, and engraved the names of Du Mu and Zhang Hu on Qishan. During the trip, Zhang Hu wrote poems such as "Fenghe and Mr. Du in Chizhou, Double Ninth Festival, Climbing the Mountain" (Crow crow in autumn city) and "With Mr. Du in Chizhou, Jiu Feng Building" (Chrysanthemum Rain on the South Bank of Qiuxi). Du Mu also wrote a poem for Zhang Hu, in which he wrote: "Eyelids grow in front of eyes, but if Tao is not outside our bodies, what else can we ask for?" Who is like Zhang Gongzi? A thousand poems are lighter than Wan Huhou. "Sympathize with Zhang Hu's unfair experience and satirize Bai Juyi's unreasonable suppression of Zhang Hu. This mountaineering poem became a good thing in the literary world at that time. Later, Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, said, "When I was in Bai Yuan, my reputation was not very great. Du Mu's "Stabbing Chizhou" is only old, and the poem is highly famous. However, what Mu Zhi teenagers do is almost nothing, and it is reasonable to hate whites. " (On Bai Juyi's recommendation to Xu Ningqu and Zhang Hu) From a historical perspective, Pi Rixiu's comments are quite fair. Zhang Hu lived in Chizhou for more than a year.

In the third year of Dazhong (849), Zhang Hu went south to Jiaxing, and Gao Kun, the champion of the new department, said that Wu Zong was seriously ill. Cai Meng in the palace specially sang Zhang Hu's palace poem He Manzi for Wu Zong. As a result, he was heartbroken. To this end, Zhang Hu specially wrote the poem "Cai Meng Ren Tan": "Occasionally, because of singing, I sang in the palace in December. But ask her to sing this song, the first few words, you must hang old talents next spring. " In the winter of this year, Zhang Yichao led many people to recover sandbars (now Tianshui and Jiuquan in Gansu) and surrendered to the court. By the fifth year of Dazhong (85 1), Zhang Yichao had successively recovered eleven states including Helong (now eastern Xinjiang and western Gansu). In the sixth year of Dazhong (852), Zhang Hu wrote a poem "I am very happy to hear that the river has been restored". This poem is Zhang Hu's last poem that can be dated, that is, this year, Zhang Hu died in Danyang. Zhang Hu liked Danyang very much before his death. He once wrote such a poem: "Shili Long Street is connected with the city, and the gods are seen on Yueming Bridge. Life only coincides with Yangzhou's death, and Zen Mountain cures the tomb. " Zhang Hu was famous for his poems all his life, but he failed to set foot on his official career. He indulged in poetry and wine, handed it over to princes, went down to the market, and had no property behind him. As a result, when he died, his wife and children lived in poverty. This incident attracted the attention of poets in the late Tang Dynasty. Lu Guimeng visited his former residence; Pi Rixiu, Yan Xuan and others all recorded their pity in their poems.

Zhang Hu lived in an era that was the climax of the New Yuefu Movement and the ancient literature movement in China. In prose, he admires Han Yu and thinks that Han Yu's articles are unconventional and insightful; In terms of poetry creation, he devoted himself to Li Bai, and once wrote a poem "Li Bai's Dream" ("I love Li Emei, I can't find it in my dream"), which has the charm and charm of Li Bai's poetry in both language and format. Many of Zhang Hu's works involve state affairs and can fairly reflect historical facts. Please look at his masterpiece Entering Tongguan:

300 miles from the capital, it is dangerous to return to this circle.

The terrain is remote and respectful and the river is closed.

Qin Huang used to look at him, and Han Zu used to look good.

Where is a valiant soldier? War is never idle.

It should be said that Zhang Hu's political attitude is correct and clear. He advocates unity, opposes separatism, maintains centralization and opposes separatist forces. When I was young, I also studied the art of war, talked to people about military affairs, and wanted to make achievements on the battlefield, but unfortunately it became a bubble. But his patriotism has not changed. The poet used poetry to express his political feelings of safeguarding national unity and opposing separatist forces by going in and out of Tongguan dangerous place, and called those separatist warlords who did not obey the court and kept fighting "gangsters".

Although Zhang Hu himself got in the way, in his own words, "Ten years is crazy for wine, and all his life is devoted to poetry", Zhang Hu was honest, and most of the people he created were decent people at that time. They condemned the autocratic flattery of ministers and the separatist provinces. Therefore, later generations praised him and said, "People who are virtuous and famous often take this (referring to Zhang Hu) to travel." Zhang Hu's character and demeanor are compared with "the chastity of bamboo and cypress", "the freshness of Kong Cui" and "the charm of Qin Xin". Zhang Hu's personality is Geng Jie. He is dissolute and lives in poverty. Reading his poems, it is not difficult to see the difficulties in his life. His residence is "covered with new moss in the secluded alley, and the empty court is weak and the willows hang down"; His home is "a house built with bricks, but a worm net hinders dragonflies", but his spiritual life is full and progressive. He said in his poem: "laity is speechless, and patients pass by less." Planting bamboo with few stems is more enjoyable than transplanting flowers. Only concentrate on the left pass, not raising right-wing geese. Fortunately, I am a poet, and the spring breeze is me! "(The above are excerpts from Zhang Hu's Five Poems on Idleness) This kind of life also makes Zhang Hu have more contact with ordinary people and laugh at each other. Zhang Hu said in the poem "Fable": "Everyone poured 100,000 yuan, and one of them never wrote a book; The villain is good, and his words are true. Otherwise, in the juvenile court, 10 thousand dead people will see one. After this old nursery, I will smile and sing and lean on my hoe. There are empty words outside the door, which may not be recorded. "This poem can summarize Zhang Hu's basic attitude of writing poetry as a text. The poet despises a rich gentleman and cannot give him a word; And even a small person in the market, as long as there is "a good heart", it is necessary to "talk about it." "If you are poor and miserable because of this, your character and morality can be seen from this. According to the record of Yunxi Friendship Association, Zhu, a drunkard, said, "Bai has lost his job in the eastern suburbs, and there are very few people in Langdon Fengting." Under the winter melon weir, I met Zhang Hu, and cow dung piled up and said I could. "Zhang Hu has no scholar's shelf and doesn't play word games. Therefore, his works never give up, deviant, clever and neat, flowing freely. Zhang Hu's poems are characterized by five or seven unique ancient styles of official style, five laws, nostalgia for the past and long tune, which are full of the charm of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and are not as delicate and delicate as they were popular at that time. It reflects some social aspects and has its own unique artistic charm. Such as "Gong Ci":

A maid-in-waiting lived 1000 miles away from home for twenty years.

However, ask her for this song and use the first few words of this song to see how she tries to hold back her tears.

At that time, it spread all over the north and south of Beijing. As mentioned earlier, Cai Meng, a gifted scholar in Tang Wuzong, was heartbroken when he sang this palace poem. Du Mu read this poem and appreciated it. He wrote a poem praising: "Being poor and thousands of miles away from her home, singing lyrics for nothing." Shen Deqian, a descendant, commented: "Zhang Hu's Gong Ci ... is also a masterpiece." ("Say poetry? Language ") his" hunting ":

Dawn came out of the east of the county seat, surrounded by shallow grass.

When the red flag is rising, the white horse suddenly faces the wind.

Draw a gold cymbal on the back and turn over to control the angle bow.

Ten thousand people point to the same thing, and a wild goose falls cold and empty.

Bai Juyi once said: "Zhang San (referring to Zhang Hu) is better than Wang Youcheng (referring to Wang Wei) in hunting poems, but he dare not judge the merits." It can be seen that Bai Juyi still speaks highly of him. He was not recommended in those days, which was entirely influenced by Yuan Zhen.

Another example is gold:

Walking up the hill at Jinling Ferry, pedestrians can worry all night.

The tide sets on the moon, and the second and third fires in Guazhou.

Jinling Ferry is an ordinary small ferry near Guazhou (now Hanjiang County, Jiangsu Province). There is nothing special about The Tempest, but it is picturesque and full of interest in Zhang Hu's works. In particular, "the ebb tide at night, the moon river slanting, the second and third fire Guazhou". Reading it now, you can also think of the beautiful night scene of Jinling Ferry and feel the homesickness of travelers.

Others, such as "the night light on the fifteenth day of the first month" ("Thousands of doors open"); "Shangsile" ("Gorilla Bloodstained Head Scar"); "Spring Warbler" ("The Willow in the South of Xingqing Lake is Not Blooming") and so on are all well-known masterpieces, which are valued by future generations.

There are 349 complete Tang poems in Zhang Hu. There are 469 poems in ten volumes of Zhang Chengji collected by Beijing Library in the early Southern Song Dynasty. 198 1 year, Jiangxi People's Publishing House published the Poems of Zhang Hu, which was edited by Yan Chengcheng.

-Wang in the biography of Hebei historical celebrities

Attachment: Zhang Hu's resume

Du Shouqiu Pu, traveling with Hutong, sang Gongci coolly. He also knows that Lotte has a theory of right and wrong. It is a poem that says, "If you can't see your eyes for a long time, you can't ask for anything." Who is like Zhang Gongzi? A thousand poems are lighter than Wan Huhou. "

Pi Rixiu said, "Well, the word is auspicious, and yuan is harmonious. I wrote a little poem in court style, and I made a beautiful speech. At that time, I was frivolous and talented, and I was praised and noisy. Boss has a glimpse of Jian 'an style, recites Yuefu records and knows the author's original intention. Short chapter and big chapter. Sometimes, they talk about irony and resentment, and sometimes they are related to the six meanings. A good topic and a good situation cannot be published elsewhere. This is the most talented person. "Still recommended by the emperor, the book can't be played. It was also influenced by the sovereign government, and its nature did not allow it, so it had to be disintegrated. There is a legacy of the Southern Dynasties in Kuigu, so I built a room at home to live in. Sexually addicted to wood and stone, I am willing to do it. Fired Nanhai and came back with Luofu stalagmite on his back. If you don't leave the beautiful land to the future and die in less than 20 years, then Ji's pregnancy will be unbearable cold. Do you blame God? Do not love talents, but also blame talents. Another scholar, Yan Xuan, who lives in Danyang, saw that she loved Cui Shi and lived a poor life under Jingzhen. She has a son, Qier, who begged for food at your grave and wrote a poem of dismay. Xuan Shi said, "I remember that I drove my brother away for my son, and I threw away Mr. Jumabai. At that time, the owner of the study had changed, the poem was empty, and the title of the old friend was empty. "Whether the simmering, resentful to the enemy, poor as a public official. No one asked Chai Fei Caotang, but he still levied wasteland. "

A poem of Rixiu said: "The flower boy is sad, and the barren path is now a neighbor of my old house. It is not expensive to make a generation of friends, and all lakes and bright moons teach the poor together. Soul should be regarded as a ghost by the Jedi, and its name and legacy are compiled in Mitchell. I heard that I have always loved stones, and I am still crying for Dongting people. "

Lu Guimeng's poem says, "Sir, what should you do if you bury your bones in a cloud of smoke?" Several poems are arranged in a noble position, and there is a stalagmite forest scattered around the house. The child cried in the maple shadow of the old house, and Ji cried in the wasteland. Only I can quit, and I will make a career. "(After Qi Er became famous, Pei Hongqing, the supervisor of Jiaxing, thought he was the official of Guayan. )

Or talk about Qinghe people, taste Huainan poetry, there is "life only meets the death of Yangzhou, Zen wisdom mountain light good cemetery." In Dazhong, Guo died in Danyang Caolu.

-Chronology of Tang Poetry

Ji Cheng from Nanyang came to settle in Gusu. Music is noble, known as Chu Shi and coquettish IELTS. At that time, all intimate friends knew Yingjie. However, it is not a profession. Between Yuanhe and Changqing, I am deeply honored by Linghu Wengong. On weekdays, I recommended my own poems and presented 300 poems to the DPRK. I said briefly, "If you write five words, the bud contains six meanings. Recently, there are many students, and there are no masters. I have been in rivers and lakes for a long time, and I have done a lot of preliminary work and research, and my search for images is quite in-depth and my style is rare. I want you to write it down and take it out of the door. I hope I can hand it over to the door of the Chinese book. " Hu went to the capital, was subordinate to Yuan Zhen, had talent, and suppressed the inner court. Because he asked Hu's words, he said, "You can't be strong if you carve insects." If the prize is too exciting, it may change your majesty's style. "ShangQiZhi. Returning from loneliness, he lamented the poem: "He Bai said that Meng Haoran was more suspicious. "I went to Huainan. As an envoy, Du Mu was extremely kind to the other side and presented a cloud: "Who is like Zhang Gongzi? A thousand poems are lighter than Wan Huhou. My wife and children should not answer every phone call and say, "Our tone is rich. How can we be sorry for your generation?"! "Sex and mountains and rivers, visit famous temples, such as Lingyin in Hangzhou, Tianzhu, Lingyan in Suzhou, Lengga, Changhuishan, do good deeds, moisten dew, lead seclusion and often sing. At the same time, he is also engaged in poetry creation, which is as famous as Hu. He enjoys music alone, or takes advantage of it in the north. Every poem is a promotion, and its reputation is greatly increased, but its destruction is swept away by chariots and horses. Elegant and righteous, there is a chivalrous poem that says, "There are three feet of snow on Taihang Mountain, and Cui Ya has three feet of iron in his sleeve. Once you meet a willing heart, go out and say goodbye to your wife and children. "I tasted Li Xiang in Huainan, and I just called him' Fishing Aoke'. Li Guai said, "Fishing for a pole from Ao Bai is nothing! Yue: "There are rainbows." . ""What is a hook? "say," new moon. " "What is the bait?" Yue: "It's also a short plum. "The nobility is very strong, and they leave with generous gifts. In the evening, when we got together for a banquet and banter with Bai Letian Day, Lotte sneered, "The first step of the new work' Remembering the Philosophy' says,' Where can I throw the Yuanyang cymbals, and who will pay for the peacock shirt?' This is a problem. "You said," contempt is true. Gong Ming's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" says that "I can't see the sky above, the sky below and the grave below". Am I not looking for the evil of my mother? "Laugh it off." It's the first time I've been to Guangling ",saying," The ten-mile long street is connected with the city, and the moon bridge meets the gods. Life only coincides with the death of Yangzhou, and Zen Shan Zhi is a good tomb. "Dazhong, Guo died in seclusion in Danyang. People think it is a cloud. A volume of poetry has been handed down to this day.

-"Biography of Tang Talents"

Hu was born in Qinghe. Leke lives in Huainan, and Du Mu is an envoy, and he is good at writing poems. He tasted poetry and said, "Who is like Zhang Gongzi? A thousand poems are lighter than Wan Huhou." Taste Huainan poetry, there is a saying, "Life is only for Yangzhou to die, and Zen Zhishan is a good grave." Medium and large, the fruit stops in Danyang, and people think it is a cloud.

-"County Zhai Du Zhi"

Zhang Hu was born in Qinghe. Named after Gong Zi. In Changqing, I ordered Gu Chu to recommend it and not to report it. Princess vassal mansion, more, since disintegrated. Taste Huainan, love the four emperors of Danyang, and build a room to hide. Ten volumes, two volumes of this poem.

-"All Tang Poems"

Zhang Hu (about 785 -849 years later) was born in Qinghe (now Qinghe, Hebei). It's not the first time to raise a scholar. Xian Zongyuan and Hejian (806-820) are famous for Yuefu Palace Ci. During the thirty years from the 9th year of Yuanhe to the 5th year of Huichang (84 1-846), he traveled north and south and submitted poems of recommendation to military towns and state pastors. In the end, I didn't get an official position. In the third year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (829), I asked Ling Huchu to recommend Zhang Hu to bring 300 poems to Beijing, which was suppressed by ministers such as Zuo Cheng and Yuan Zhen. Hui Chang went to his old friend Mutu, Chizhou Secretariat, and stayed for five years. The treatment was good, but it was too late. Later, he returned to Qu 'a (now Danyang, Jiangsu). Yan Strictly edited Zhang Hu's poems.