Lost Street Pavilion in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

one. Introduction 2. The first mistake is three. Ma Su Wang Pingsi. Qinling and Huaihe River V. Not the end of the ending < P > 1. Introduction

When I was a student, I once had a chance to visit Maijishan Mountain in Gansu with my friends. When I passed through Zhangjiachuan County, my friends said that the place where Ma Su lost the battle was nearby, so I couldn't help but rise. I forced the driver to make a detour and went to a street kiosk. The field trip was very interesting, and I got some new understanding of Ma Su's failure. Let me share it with my friends in close-up.

Let me talk about the street I saw first. It is not on the main road itself, less than three kilometers to the east from Jieting, it is the dangerous "five-way general entrance". This is a northeast-southwest Gu Dao with a length of about 7,8 kilometers and a width of about 1.5 kilometers. The north-south direction is a steep mountain peak, where the east-west Qingshui River turns a corner and basically flows along the southeast edge of the valley. The west bank is higher than the east bank. Five or six avenues pass bridges from the lower reaches of the east bank. There is no real general entrance. The northwest of the valley is a steep mountain called Longshan by the locals. The southeast of the valley is an insurmountable branch of the Qinling Mountains. From Xi 'an to Tianshui, there is no other way to go.

Our car comes from the east and basically goes along the marching route of Wei Jun, only feeling that people are advancing at the bottom of the basin. When this Gu Dao has gone 4/5, it turns right and suddenly the front is ahead. At this time, on the right side of the road, it is the southern foot of Longshan Mountain. Suddenly, a steep mountain rises, with a relative elevation of 3,4 meters. The top of the mountain is flat, and there is a faint temperament of standing proudly. Without introduction, one concludes that this is the isolated mountain where Ma Su was defeated.

Sure enough, local friends accompanying me showed me that this is the so-called Nanshan.

This is the first discovery, Nanshan. The first mistake

climb the south mountain and look at the wind, only to feel that the surrounding mountains and roads are unobstructed. If the street pavilion is regarded as a whole, its image is like a folding fan. To the left, the riverside road is like a silk thread, coming from the east, and to the right, two tributaries of Qingshui River merge into the valley mouth to form a small impact plain. Jieting Town (now located in Long urban and rural areas of Qin 'an County) is located at the western end of the impact plain, and the handle of the whole folding fan. It's not a casual remark, but it means that it can take the overall situation.

Ma Su is not a soldier's material, and some people think it is just like this when they come back from a street pavilion, but this doesn't mean that he has no brains. On the contrary, some people think that Ma Su is quite smart.

The topography of Nanshan is very distinctive, and the local area is also called a hundred-acre tableland, with a banana-shaped platform at the top, and the actual area is much larger than one hundred acres, north, east and west. In the southeast, it is a slope of about 3 degrees. The slope is wide at the bottom and narrow at the top, and the intersection with the platform is like a crescent moon. One can almost see Ma Su's psychology. If Wei Jun attacks from below, their team will be like a hutong on the slope. The Shu army can attack Wei Jun's whole team from three sides from the crescent ridge, while only less than 5 people in the front of Wei Jun can fight, which is a very favorable terrain for defense. At the same time, if Wei Jun attacks from below, it will be a very favorable terrain for defense. Looking to the left, there is no clear "five-way intersection" in the 7,8-kilometer-long valley, and the terrain is flat. If the Shu army fought with Wei Jun here, it would be a bloody battle. At this time, someone discovered Ma Su's first mistake-he certainly didn't look at the terrain east of Jieting!

It turns out that looking down from the mountain is completely different from the scenery seen from the entrance to the valley in the east. The river bank, which is high in the west and low in the east, looks the same height; The terrain was rugged, but it looks like Ma Pingchuan from the mountain! (I don't know how Zhuge Liang investigated the terrain of the street pavilion, because a conclusion is that if Zhuge Liang's deployment is followed, the Shu army will certainly be able to complete the task.-Perhaps Luo Guanzhong added a lot of details to Kongming's deployment after inspecting the terrain of the street pavilion.)

What if it was an old master like Wei Yan or Ma Dai? Will drive the front, whistle out of the valley. Later, when Zhang Jaw attacked Ma Su, he made a clear understanding of the deployment of Ma Su's whole army in advance ... A guess, Ma Su came from the west and saw this striking Nanshan at first sight, which is suitable for defense! Ma Su, who was born as a staff officer, still has some military common sense. Then, it is normal to lead people up the mountain to see the terrain. The commanding situation of Nanshan along the way must make him fall in love more and more. When he looks down, he must have thought of the military map that he often looks at. Judging from Ma Su's career, what he is short of is getting cold feet, and what he is long of is planning. This clear natural map must have produced Ma Su.

He didn't expect that Nanshan deceived his eyes. Ma Su Wang Ping

The dispute between the two commanders of the Shu army should have started at the top of Nanshan Mountain. Of course, the result was that Wang Ping, who was clumsy and clumsy, lost. (Someone was going to write a separate article on the topic of the surrender of Shu and the Confucian generals.) Ma Su and Wang Ping were diametrically opposed generals, and Zhuge Liang took great pains to match them. Some thought that one of the reasons was to consider the troops under Wang Ping's command-the flying army.

The flying army was greatly admired by some people. Its strength is about 3,, which is completely composed of ethnic minorities in southern China, that is, the "Yunnan Army" at that time. It is brave and good at fighting, especially in mountain warfare. The evaluation of flying soldiers in history books is "death-like". This is the achievement of Zhuge Liang's development of southwest China and one of the trump cards of Shu Han. The flying army fought until the end of Shu Han, and died with twice its own enemy, even the commander Zhang Ben. Some people think that there are four ideas:

First, Ma Su's idea of Pingnan should be very appropriate, so that he can make better use of this south-central powerhouse with his familiarity with ethnic minorities.

Second, this battle is very important and dangerous, and good steel should be used in the cutting edge. I hope to rely on the heroic flying army to resist Wei Jun's superior forces.

Third, Wang Ping is familiar with Guanlong and is a rare Wei Guotong in the Shu army. He was born in the military, and his obedience was strong. He would not be constrained by Ma Su in command. In military affairs, two competent generals should command together, so it is better to use a mediocre person.

But how could Ma Su listen to Wang's "staff"? Ma Su himself was born as a staff officer, and he was an excellent staff officer. The staff officer in his mind should be himself, intelligent and versatile, and articulate. How can he be a lout like Wang Ping? Accepting his opinion is a denial of Ma Su's own staff. Zhuge Liang probably didn't expect it at this point.

Besides, there are quite logical reasons for Ma Su's consideration of camping at the top of the mountain:

The mountain is the best obstacle for infantry to fight against cavalry, which is really good. You know that the frequent beating of nomadic cavalry in the north in Song Dynasty has a great relationship with the loss of mountains in sixteen prefectures, and Yang Liulang can only engage in tunnel warfare. Wei Jun has more cavalry and Shu Jun has more infantry. Therefore, we can give full play to our advantages by fighting Wei Jun on the mountain. Seen from the top of the mountain, the "five-way intersection" is an open field, and Wei Jun can cross the river and attack the rear of the Shu army. The front line is too long, and it is difficult to win a battle with Wei Jun there. Ma Su probably has to sigh that Prime Minister Zhuge is an armchair strategist.

It reminds me < War and peace > In the Battle of Borodino, the chief of staff of the Russian army, he found that the commander-in-chief Kutuzov had put Prince Andrey's reserve army in the forest facing the enemy's slope, and immediately cursed the old library for being confused-didn't the French fire here kill the target? Immediately let the Russian army retreat behind the hillside. All the soldiers in the army admired it. As a result, in actual combat, Napoleon didn't shoot a bullet in the forest in front of him, and all the shells hit the back of the hillside. Anyone with experience can see that it is the only place to hide. Ma Su's view of Zhuge Liang may be compared with that of the chief of staff.

What a scholar's opinion!

Actually, if Ma Su goes out to look at the mouth of the valley, he will find that the so-called five-way general mouth has been eroded by flowing water, and the actual terrain is quite complicated. Some people think that if Zhuge Liang explicitly instructs Ma Su to camp here, he is simply a fairy, and the ravine here is by no means a place for cavalry. If Wei Jun pushes forward along the Qingshui River, the front line will be able to line up about 1, people, and the disadvantage of the Shu army's troops is not prominent. The complicated terrain of these kilometers is like a huge spring. The first line of defense of the Shu army can always be placed in the eastern section of Gu Dao, a street pavilion, and several layers of defense lines can be arranged behind it. It is very flexible and can also be deployed in ambush. It should not be a problem to confront Wei Jun. However, in the Three Kingdoms period, the general ability to attack the key points is relatively poor. If we add the role of the camp (Ma Su arrived two days earlier than Zhang Jaw), Wei Jun can only hope and sigh. This is a battle that Ma Su can win, because even if it is inexperienced, Wei Jun will take advantage at the beginning. " The Qingshui River is not deep, so you can wade, but the right bank is higher than the left bank, and because of the scouring of the turning river, a steep river bank is formed, just like a natural city wall. If thousands of archers are put here, Zhang Jaw-duan will not come to die.

Perhaps Ma Su chose Nanshan for another reason, which is to form a trend of "tigers in the mountains". If Wei Jun ignores him and rushes straight to the street pavilion, he can threaten Wei Jun's side and back. And Zhuge Liang's rear army wrapped Zhang's jaw in jiaozi. Therefore, Wei Jun only came to attack the mountain.

He didn't pay attention to water, the water in the barrel theory, and the water in the barrel always flowed out from the shortest board.

IV.

The so-called barrel theory of Qinling Huaihe River means that the amount of water that can be stored in a barrel is determined by the shortest barrel plate. The same is true in war, even if other aspects are done well, as long as a fatal loophole is caught by the other side, it will lead to failure. Battle of Red Cliffs, the shortest board is that the serial boat can't block the fire attack; In the battle of Wuzhangyuan, the shortest board was Zhuge Liang's health; Hitler invaded the Soviet Union, and the shortest board was the cold in Russia.

One of my friends who accompanied me was from a military school, so I can cite a series of mistakes when commenting on Ma Su. Although Nanshan is at the mouth of the valley, the impact line from the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain is too long, and the level of weapons at that time could not directly control the roads along the Qingshui River. I hope that Wei Jun will attack the mountain, and the idea is wishful thinking. A veteran like Zhang Jaw will certainly not be so impulsive. Divided the army into three parts, and led the main force to the top of the mountain. Wang Ping led his headquarters to camp between Jieting and Qingshui River-further behind Ma Wei, Huang Attack and Li Shengjun ambushed the upper reaches of Qingshui River, preparing to attack Wei Jun halfway. The strength is already less than Wei's, so it is a big taboo to make a contribution, and the distance between Ma and Huang Lijun is too far to echo. The south mountain is the wind outlet. If the fire spreads quickly, the smoke will burn, and the people on the top of the mountain will be like barbecues ... < P > However, everyone agrees that the Shu army abandoned Mizukamiyama.

When I was studying in the Three Kingdoms, I was surprised. Since Wang Ping had raised this question, and it really made sense, and Ma Su was not a fool, why didn't he accept it? Does he really believe in "death and afterlife"? Have you never been thirsty since you were so big? At that time, you can still regain your fighting capacity? In addition, how come none of the many generals of the Shu army came out to help Wang Ping?

Some people think that the problem is that they have never studied middle school geography in Ma Su.

Friends who have studied middle school geography know that the climate of China is divided by the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River. In fact, this change is so great that the vegetation on the northern slope and the southern slope of the Qinling Mountains are completely different. If you look at the local barometer, the annual precipitation in Jieting area is only 4 mm (evaporation capacity is 15), while the precipitation in Hanzhong area, which is only separated by a mountain, is more than 1 ml, more than double the difference. One is subtropical climate, and the other is continental temperate monsoon, which is totally different.

Ma Su's hometown is in Jingzhou. Although the climate is different from that in Sichuan, it is also abundant in rainfall. At that time, there was a huge Yunmengze. Up to now, Sichuan and Hubei have never heard of drought, but only flood control every year. Ma Su's life was basically spent in such a warm and humid place. He didn't have the travel experience from the north to the south like Zhuge Liang, and it was the first time he went to Gansu for protection. How could he think that he had to wash his face and clothes with water and finally rinse the mop? ! This is our personal experience. At that time, it was difficult for education to recognize the huge climate difference between the north and the south. In fact, in the battles of Jingxiang Xichuan, including Hanzhong, it is basically necessary to be "waterproof". For example, when the Seventh Army was flooded and Lingbao burst its banks, they all wanted to drown each other, and they never wanted to die of thirst. Huang Zhong went up the mountain to kill Xiahou, and he never heard that the old general couldn't find water to drink.

Wang Ping surrendered from the north, and of course he was a wise man. However, I'm afraid other generals of Shu army have never been out of Sichuan all their lives. The geographical situation in the southwest limited the cognition of the local ancients. Otherwise, how could they come out of Yelang country? Water shortage? This problem is just like when you reminded her to bring an oxygen bottle in the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon. If you vote, it must be a repetition of the famous saying: "truth is sometimes on the side of a few people."

Therefore, there is no concept of water shortage in Ma Su.

The existence of Qingshui River and Jieting Spring cannot alert him to the local water shortage. The dispute between him and Wang Ping was first the issue of camping in power, then the "overwhelming" argument, and finally the issue of water. Ma Su must think it's just sophistry, deliberately finding fault. The argument between the two of them became more and more when Ma Su lost his book bag, which showed that he didn't want to discuss the problem with Wang Ping at all, but wanted to close this "crow mouth" as soon as possible-anyway, Lao Wang had no words when he was "the cloud of art of war". The phrase "death and afterlife" should belong to words without thinking.

Wang Ping is a man of great personality, and there are such people in the company. He has great skills, but he can't speak. No matter Ma Su, who has a high heart, or Xu Huang, who is modest and elegant, always makes people unhappy when he listens to his opinions, and all of them want to "give up their lives", which may also have something to do with Wang Ping's own personality. In addition, his method of dealing with this kind of argument is also relatively individual. For example, when Xu Huang lost, he resolutely refused to save him, because he thought he had more important tasks, and he quarreled with Ma Su, so he simply set up another camp. I don't know if there was any meaning in your joke. In fact, someone thought that if Wang Ping had led his troops out of Taniguchi at that time, while flying to Zhuge Liang and fighting to the death, it would not be completely impossible to stop Wei Jun, at least he could delay the time. Of course, the sacrifice must be great, and Ma Su must curse, because it will destroy his plan to lure Wei Jun to attack the mountain, which belongs to "stealing the camera". Wang Ping did not set up a camp to stop the enemy before defending his manners. Perhaps this is related to his status as a general. He may only intend to cover the retreat of the Shu army at a critical moment to reduce losses.

Looking down from the Nanshan Mountain, imagine that if someone is an infantryman of Shu Han, he will be exhausted to death if he rushes down to the foot of the mountain, and the enemy will have enough time to mobilize troops to meet the attack point of the Shu army. Wei Jun attacks the mountain as a hutong, so why not the Shu army go down the mountain? It is not easy to go down the mountain, and it is even harder to go up the mountain. How can you be unbeaten under hunger and thirst?

Looking up at the sky, a black hawk is clearing in Gansu.