Regarding feasibility: First, with the development of China's economy, its economic capacity is getting stronger and stronger, and the country can devote more and more resources; second, it is possibl

Regarding feasibility: First, with the development of China's economy, its economic capacity is getting stronger and stronger, and the country can devote more and more resources; second, it is possible for China to attract Chinese talent resources from all over the world. The United States is a country of immigrants, attracting talents from various countries and ensuring original innovation. I just mentioned that Chinese talents can be seen in any good magazine in the world, so how China attracts these talents is very critical. Why do you say that? China always feels that its economic capacity is not strong, so we invite some people over, but this is not actually the case. Many scientists value the space it can play, and I want to prove that China is fully capable or has the financial resources to achieve change. Inviting people to come actually not only brings a person, but also brings a new mechanism. There is a joke that Picasso once had a meal in a restaurant. An old lady asked him, "Mr. Picasso heard that you are very famous. Please paint a painting for me. He asked for a high price and said he could paint it in 5 minutes." The wife asked why the price is so high, you only spent 5 minutes. He said it didn’t take me 5 minutes, but 40 years of experience plus 5 minutes. The third is that the world's major companies will have an increasing proportion of R&D in China. Only in this way can they bring advanced experience, including more and more foreigners, not only Chinese, but also foreign businessmen. Finally, there are some suggestions for specific plans to establish new mechanisms and environments:

First, science and technology legislation should be implemented from a national perspective, just like education legislation, so that R&D can be The proportion of GDP will increase to 2% to 2.5%, the average level of developed countries, within 20 years. The proportion of basic research will increase from about 5% in 2000 to about 15%, which is equivalent to this year's R&D expenditure of 200 billion to 2500 billion. billion, of which basic research funding is about 30 billion to 36 billion, while the actual statistics in 2000 were 4.67 billion.

Second, it is to support the transformation of technological development from tracking and imitation to independent innovation. The proportion of tracking imitation projects had dropped from 95% to about half by 2002. The specific method is to increase the proportion of original innovation projects and multi-disciplinary projects in the supported projects year by year, with an annual increase of 14%, so that the proportion can be reached ten times the current level. Part of the funds should be based on the achievements of the original innovation of the laboratory, and the free innovation fund should be reissued afterwards and sent to the laboratories and researchers who have achieved achievements in the form of bonuses to reduce the chances of duplication of low-level projects. In particular, coordination with local governments should be done , allowing regional governments to focus on supporting key projects identified by the central government in each province. Because now when we engage in nanotechnology, regardless of whether it has anything to do with the local economy, we must establish a nanocenter. National macro-control must be grasped and low-level duplication of item B must be eliminated.

Third, we must establish an independent scientific research evaluation system and optimize project evaluation indicators and standards. The evaluation should be based on the average level of the world's top 10 scorers in various fields as the basic standard and the catch-up goal for comparable comparisons within the same major. A comprehensive comparison should be made from the overall innovation level to per capita output, and the weight of high-level research results should be increased. Proportion. Because it is wrong to compare physics experts with materials experts now. They publish more articles in some fields and may publish less articles in some fields. Our standard is the top ten in each field, so the evaluation standard may be more objective.

Fourth, establish an effective cooperation mechanism to encourage the increase in the utilization rate of major equipment and avoid the repeated introduction of one type of equipment. Laboratory assessment should include the evaluation of the utilization rate and output rate of major equipment.

Fifth, improve the evaluation of high-tech research results, support the internationalization of invention patents, establish a special fund, and support original innovation patent institutes in the form of interest-free loans at a ratio from 50% to 85%. Fees apply. The loan is repaid in installments year by year from the proceeds from the transfer of patent fees, and the risk of failure is borne by the state-backed foundation. Encourage the development and research of new instruments and equipment with independent intellectual property rights. The R&D start-up funds are supported by the state in the form of interest-free or low-interest loans, and the risk of failure is borne by state-supported foundations. Although the country is asked to invest a lot of money, if it does not invest, the fate of China's scientific research will always be in the hands of others. The most advanced instruments and equipment can only be guaranteed if they are invented and created by ourselves.

Sixth, encourage young talents with independent thinking ability and originality. When establishing a communications academy in the Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Engineering, candidates must be under 50 years old. Correspondence academicians have the right to vote after becoming academicians.

Seventh, implement the system of academicians and saints. For example, in Japan, you can only become an academician after you retire; in France, you have to retire at the age of 68, even if you have won the Nobel Prize. China's situation is quite special. This is just a suggestion, and it should be implemented on a case-by-case basis. For example, in principle, those over the age of 65 are no longer allowed to participate in scientific research project competitions and reviews as researchers. Special applications can be made for special cases. In order to give full play to the strategic vision and scientific research strategies of retired residents, we can support them in scientific research projects.

Eighth, set up international virtual laboratories in certain fields, with Chinese laboratories as the main body, domestic original innovation as the main goal, and hire world-class scientists to host guest research at international prices; it can also be done through The tax mechanism encourages internationally renowned companies to invite internationally renowned companies to establish chair professor and invited researcher positions in Chinese universities and research institutes, and rewards researchers at home and abroad based on their achievements.

Ninth, every year in a field, a Chinese scientist will serve as the host, and an international research project similar to the human genome will be launched with the participation of the world's top scientists in the field. China's share of staff in the project The proportion should exceed 30%. We need to build the confidence of Chinese scientists. China can lead international leading projects in certain fields. China has a relatively large investment stake. As long as scientists from other countries are willing to participate, we should support such projects.

Tenth, in order to reduce the mass outflow of young researchers, promote the return of overseas talents, and significantly increase the income of key researchers, the proportion of personnel expenses in scientific research funds must be significantly increased.