Where is the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poems?

The "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poem Qingming should be in Chang 'an. The "Xinghua Village" in the Tang Dynasty, now called Shuangzhu Village, belongs to Chang 'an Qu Wei Sub-district Office. This village used to be called Xinghuaping, Yushizhuang, Shuangzhuzhuang and Podi Village.

"It rains in the Qingming period, and pedestrians on the road want to break their souls. Ask local people where to buy wine? The shepherd boy pointed to Xinghua Village. " Qingming, a seven-character quatrain written by Du Mu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, has been widely read for thousands of years with its fresh and fluent language, vivid artistic image and beautiful and implicit artistic conception. Therefore, people also have a strong interest in the territory of "Xinghua Village". Linfen, Shanxi, Guichi, Anhui, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, Nanjing and Macheng, Hubei all claimed that Xinghua Village was there. In 1950s, the cultural and academic circles in China also discussed the territory of "Xinghua Village". At present, there are three main opinions. One is the widely circulated "Shanxi Theory". Shanxi Xinghua Village Liquor Company also registered the trademark of "Xinghua Village"; Secondly, the theory of "Guichi in Anhui" is based on Du Mu's experience in Guichi and the poem Qingming. The program Happy Dictionary hosted by CCTV host Wang also confirmed that Xinghua Village is in Guichi, Anhui. The third theory holds that Xinghua Village is a generic term, but it is not a real village name at all. In fact, when people study the territory of "Xinghua Village", they forget a place that should not be ignored, that is, Chang 'an, the birthplace of Du Mu.

The Relationship between Du Mu and Chang 'an Fan Chuan

Du Mu (803-852 AD) was born in Mu Zhi in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). In the second year of Daiwa (828), he was a scholar and was awarded the title of school bookkeeper of the museum. He worked as a staff officer in other places for many years, eventually became an official in Zhongshu and died in Fan Chuan.

Du Mu was born in a prominent bureaucratic family in Chang 'an, Tang Dynasty. His grandfather Du You was a veteran of the Three Dynasties, from official to prime minister. For his birthplace, Du Mu described it in a poem: "The old place opens Zhumen, the center of Chang 'an City. "Du You's mansion is in Anren Square, the third square outside Rosefinch Gate, which is east to south. In the Tang dynasty, officials above the third level lived on both sides of this street.

Du Mu spent his childhood and adolescence in Chang 'an, and did not enter the officialdom until he was 25 years old. After that, his career rose and fell, and he served in Chang' an four times. After returning to Chang 'an in his later years, Du Mu used his savings for many years to build a villa in Zhu Po, Chang 'an. Finally, Du Mu died in Chang 'an and was buried in Du Zu's grave in Sima Village, Yinzi Town, Chang 'an today.

Du Mu's ancestral home is in Zhupo Village, Chang 'an, and many of Du Mei's poems have mentioned or described this place. Zhupo is located in Fan Chuan, and Fan Chuan, also known as Houkuanchuan, was the most beautiful place in the south of the city at that time. Du You, Du Mu's grandfather, was an ambassador to Huainan in 15. When he returned to his hometown in Fan Chuan, he couldn't forget the ancient town of Guazhou in the south of the Yangtze River when he was an official, so he named the place where Dujia planted melons "Guazhou Village". It is said that Du Mu planted melons here when he was young. Not far from Guazhou Village is Niutou Temple, one of the eight major temples in Fan Chuan. Du Mu studied in Temple West when he was young.

To the west of Niutou Temple, there is a village called "Xinghua Village". In his book Farewell to Friends, the Tang Dynasty poet Wen said: "Farewell to all doors half drunk contains ancient sorrow. Evening breeze Yang Ye photo, cold food Xinghua Village. " In the Tang Dynasty, Shaolingyuan was not far from the south gate of Chang 'an, and there was a village called Xinghua Village in Shaolingyuan. Du Mu had contacts with the poet Wen in his later years. Studying the place names related to Du Mu, this is the earliest "Xinghua Village", which is earlier than the "Xinghua Village" recorded in Linfen, Shanxi and Guichi, Anhui.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhang Li, a government official, had a volume of monograph A Journey to the South of the City, which was an important document for studying the geographical sites in the southern suburbs of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty. The time was in the first year of North Song Zhezong (1086), less than 200 years after the demise of the Tang Dynasty. "A Journey to the South of the City" contains: "Longtang is in the west of Niutou Temple, so there is Longquan Tower in the temple, and this temple is also its place. There is a tower in the north of the spring, commonly known as Longtangpo and Jinbe Rock, with many apricot trees planted in the middle, called Xinghuaping. See Du Xu's Holy Blessing Record. " Only one village called "Xinghua Village" or "Xinghuaping" has searched all the villages around ancient Chang 'an. It can be concluded that the "Xinghua Village" described in the poems 200 years later is the same place as the "Xinghuaping" recorded. Besides, this place is close to Dumet's residence.

The weather around Chang 'an Tomb-Sweeping Day in Tang Dynasty

Du Mu lived in Chang 'an, the hometown of Fan Chuan in Tang Dynasty. Fan Chuan is located in the southern suburb of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty, starting from Jiangcun in the southeast and reaching Tapo in the northwest. A banded basin about 15km long from east to west. It looks at Zhong Nanshan in the south and Shaoling Plain in the north, and the clear Surabaya flows through it. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Qingming Canal was led under the Xiaoling Plain, with numerous canals, dense vegetation, beautiful mountains and rivers and beautiful willows. From Cuba to Chang 'an, the forest on the northern slope of Qinling Mountains. Bashui originated here, and the water potential is relatively large. In addition, there are 10 natural lakes, such as Kunming Lake, Yinge Lake, Lingchi Lake and Taiye Lake. The good natural environment provided sufficient conditions for the rainfall in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty.

"Restaurant" is the poem "Excuse me, where is the restaurant?" Another prerequisite for.

In the Tang Dynasty, there were many springs beside Shaoling. "Down to Du's hometown, spring cries around the house" (Du Mu's Zhu Po). Historically, Du Mu lived in a garden in the suburbs, with thousands of turns. There is also a natural gully named Qi (The Book of the New Tang Dynasty: Du Xing Qi) in the west of Niutou Temple, which is deep and full of springs. The water flows all the year round and flows into the Qingming canal at the bottom of the slope, forming a big pond (looking for drinking skin). Not only are there many springs here, but the water quality is also very good. The "Jiulong Lake" next to the Niutou Temple is the most famous. Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty has been here, and she has a poem to prove it: "The window of the mountain is full of jade girls, and every household is interested in Feng Qiong. The top of the rock is like a phoenix, and the heart of the pool is like Kowloon. Bamboo leaves float in wine, hibiscus is written in cups. Therefore, the reward of the mountain is only when the wind enters the pine. " The water quality is good and the water quantity is large, which has been endless for thousands of years. 1900, Empress Dowager Cixi fled to xi 'an, and a group of people drank the water from Jiulongtan. Up to now, there are still springs spewing out here.

Good aquatic products and good wine. In the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an, the capital city, was the center of the national wine industry, with a high level of brewing and prosperous production and sales. Liu Yuxi "advised you to drink more Chang 'an wine, and the south east occupied the spring", indicating that Chang 'an wine has a high status in people's minds. In addition, from Liu Yuxi's "Hundred Flowers": "When Chang 'an is full of flowers, the scenery should be light and thin, and no one does not sell wine, and there is no joy and no work"; Dai Shulun's "Guests should always come on credit"; It can be seen from Cen Can's "Love customers and drink more" and "Take wine from the frog's grave and pass it on to every family" that there are many places in Chang 'an where wine is made and sold.

Fanchuan has a tradition of brewing. When Kang Youwei came to Xi 'an, he wrote a poem "Singing Du Qu wine early and watching Fan Chuanyue late". Today, the water of "Chang 'an Winery" comes from Shaoling source, which is a microcosm of Fan Chuan wine industry in ancient Chang 'an.

Factors that cannot be ignored

In the original poem, there are some elements that cannot be ignored. 1. Shaoling Plain has been criss-crossed with ravines and green grass since ancient times. The original sloping land is not suitable for growing crops, especially for grazing. There are still people herding cattle and raising sheep in this area now. Second, the view of the original slope is limited, and with the dense forest of Cooper, turning a corner is a scene. The shepherd boy stands in the grazing place, with limited sight in front, unable to point directly, and needs "far" fingers, which conforms to the local geomorphological characteristics; Third, Du Jiazu's tomb is located in Sima Village, a town in the northeast of Du Mu's residence. The scene in the poem "Qingming Festival" should be seen by Du Mu on his way back from the grave in Shanghetu (Xinghua Village is in the west) on Qingming Festival. Fourth, Du Mu is familiar with the local terrain and knows that there is wine in Xinghua Village. When the shepherd boy points, he knows that the shepherd boy refers to Xinghua Village.

To sum up, the "Xinghua Village" in Du Mu's poem Qingming should be in Chang 'an. The "Xinghua Village" in the Tang Dynasty, now called Shuangzhu Village, belongs to Chang 'an Qu Wei Sub-district Office. This village used to be called Xinghuaping, Yushizhuang, Shuangzhuzhuang and Podi Village.