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The Egyptian pyramids are the imperial tombs in the pyramid shape of the slave society in ancient Egypt. One of the seven architectural wonders of the world. They are numerous and widely distributed. Memphis, the ancient city on the west bank of the Nile in the southwest of Cairo, is the most densely populated area. There are three famous Libyan deserts 8 kilometers south of Giza, called the pyramids of Giza. Among them, the tomb of the fourth dynasty Pharaoh Khufu is the largest, built in the 27th century BC, with a height of 146.5m, which is equivalent to a 40-story skyscraper. The bottom is 230 meters long and is made of 2.3 million large stones weighing about 2.5 tons, covering an area of 53,900 square meters. There are corridors, stairs, halls and rooms as well as various valuable decorations in the tower. The whole project lasted for more than 30 years. There is a huge sphinx in the southeast of the tower.

Pyramid of khufu in Egypt is the most famous. It is the tomb of Pharaoh (king of ancient Egypt). But in fact, it was used as a mausoleum only after it was established. In fact, of the first 50 pyramids, only seven pharaohs died.

According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man named Imhotep invented a new building method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced the mud brick with the square stone he picked from the mountain, constantly revised the design scheme of building the mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now.

In ancient Egypt, the pyramids were trapezoidal and layered, so they were also called hierarchical pyramids. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a text triangle on each side, which looks like the word "gold" in Chinese characters, so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.

At the earliest time, Egyptian pharaohs prepared to use Mastaba as their permanent residence after death. Later, during the second and third dynasties, the Egyptians came up with the idea that the king would become a god and his soul would ascend to heaven after his death. In the inscription of the pyramid later discovered, there is a sentence like this: "Build a ladder for him (Pharaoh) so that he can go to heaven from there."

The pyramid is such a ladder.

At the same time, the pyramid form also expresses the worship of the sun god, because the symbol of the ancient Egyptian sun god "La" is the light of the sun. The pyramid symbolizes the sunlight penetrating the blue sky. Because, when you stand on the road to Kize and look west from the perspective of the pyramid ridge, you can see that the pyramid shines on the earth like the sun.

There is a sentence in the inscription of the pyramid: "The sky extends its own light to you, so that you can climb into the sky, just like pulling your eyes." Later, the worship of the obelisk by ancient Egyptians also had such significance, because the obelisk also represented the light of the sun.

Some people think that it is impossible for the ancient Egyptians to build pyramids, saying that the pyramids may be made by aliens or left by older humans, because there are too many mysteries in the pyramids!

The pyramids are the tombs of slavery kings in ancient Egypt. These rulers were called "pharaohs" in history. Pharaoh not only ruled the world when he was alive, but also dreamed of becoming a god to rule the underworld after his death. So after Pharaoh's death, he took out his internal organs, dipped them in preservatives, and poured them with spices, and kept the body for a long time, called "mummy." Pyramids are tombs for Pharaoh's mummies. At present, there are 96 pyramids in Egypt, most of which are located on the edge of the desert west of the arable valley on the west bank of the Nile.

Large pyramids were generally built in the three to six dynasties of the ancient kingdom (about 2664 ~ 2 BC180 BC), and there are many sites in Giza, segala, rasul, Medum and Absire, which are not far north of Memphis, the capital of ancient Egypt.

Because the pyramids are square-cone buildings, the ancient Egyptians called them "Pyrimus", which means "high"; Its base is square, getting narrower and narrower until the top of the tower, which looks like the word "gold" in Chinese characters from all sides, so China has always translated it into a "pyramid".

Among many pyramids, the most famous one is great pyramid of giza, which is located at Giza, about 13 km southwest of Cairo. There are three pyramids in this group, which were built by Khufu (the second generation Pharaoh), Kafler (the fourth generation Pharaoh) and Menkole (the sixth generation Pharaoh) of the fourth dynasty in ancient Egypt.

Pyramid of khufu, also known as the pyramids of Qi, was built in 2760 BC. It is the largest pyramid in history and one of the world's man-made wonders, ranking first among the seven wonders of the world. The original tower height146.5m, due to thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, is now138m. The original bottom four sides were 230 meters long, and now they are 220 meters long. The four inclined planes of the conical building face east, south, west and north respectively, with an inclination of 5 1.52 minutes. There was originally a limestone road about 1 km around the tower, but there are still relics on the east and west sides of the tower. The whole pyramid is built on a huge convex rock, covering an area of about 52,900 square meters, with a volume of about 2.6 million cubic meters and made of about 2.3 million stones. There are about 1 15000 outer stones, each weighing 2.5 tons on average, and the largest stone weighs about 16 tons, with a total weight of 6.848 million tons. Its geographical location is 3 1 07' east longitude and 29 58' north latitude.

Surprisingly, there is no adhesive between these stones, but one stone is directly stacked on another, which is completely stacked by the weight of the stones themselves. The surface seam is so tight and accurate that even a thin blade can't be inserted. The height error between the southeast corner and the northwest corner of the tower is only 1.27 cm. It took 30 years to recruit 654.38 million laborers.

The entrance of pyramid of khufu is located at the 13 stone steps of the tower north wall, about 20 meters above the ground. The entrance is a herringbone arch composed of four huge stone slabs, and there is an inclined tunnel with a length of 100 meters leading to the tomb. The tomb is10.43m long, 5.2 1 m wide and 5.82m high, with a vertical distance of 42.28m from the ground. There is only a dark brown polished marble sarcophagus in the room, which is empty and the whereabouts of the coffin cover are unknown. There are five rooms above the tomb, and the top cover of the highest floor is triangular in order to evenly distribute the weight on both sides. At the same time, the tomb also has ventilation pipes built of stone. The appearance of the Great Pyramid of Khufu is solemn, majestic, simple and steady, which is in harmony with the endless highlands and deserts around it. Its internal structure is complex and changeable, with originality and unique style, which embodies extraordinary wisdom. After thousands of years of vicissitudes of life, the pyramids have not been shaken or deformed, showing the incredible high-level technology and exquisite architectural art in ancient times. Therefore, UNESCO listed it as one of the world's key protected cultural relics and became a symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization.

The second pyramid of Giza built by Caffler is located in the middle. It is slightly smaller than pyramid of khufu, but its artistic style and engineering design accuracy can be compared with it. And because it is built on a high platform, at first glance, it seems to be more magnificent than the former. The tower foundation is 215.7m long and143.6m high, also made of limestone and granite. Its remaining ancillary buildings are relatively complete and spectacular, including two temples built with huge stones: the upper hall and the lower hall.

The third pyramid built by Menkole is located at the southern end, the smallest but very delicate. Its base is108.7m long and 66.5m high. All three pyramids in Giza were stolen, and the treasures in the tombs were basically lost. However, their perfect engineering skills of ancient Egyptians attract thousands of tourists from all over the world every day in Qian Qian.