How do freshmen form good English study habits?

Abstract: Stiehler believes that habit is acquired through study. In other words, habit is a programmed pattern of behavior, thinking and emotion. A scholar has made an investigation; About 35% of learners' success lies in their good study habits and living habits. Personal development is highly dependent on his living habits and study habits. For middle school students, the cultivation of good English study habits is a rich primitive accumulation. Traditionally, it is believed that the formation of good English language learning habits is the result of mechanical practice, the English learning behavior system is the result of compulsory behavior repetition and simple accumulation of external stimuli, and authentic speech is the inevitable product of learners' passive imitation. Once English study habits are formed, they will never change. There is no doubt that middle school students have learned English in this process. Good English learning habits are the accumulation of good language learning behaviors and a relatively stable learning behavior tendency. It is of great significance for middle school students to develop good English study habits. Key words: stage of habit selection, acceptance and imitation; Habit strengthening and consolidation stage; Habit automation and habit migration stage. In reality, many students know such proverbs: good habits benefit for life; Don't do it because it is small, and don't do it because it is small; Sowing habits, harvesting hope and so on. No matter what kind of ancient training, students basically have no problem understanding it, but it is very difficult to develop it, and it is even more difficult to maintain the persistence of good habits for a long time. It can also be said that many students fail to learn, to a certain extent, because of the accumulation of bad habits, so that students can not get rid of the entanglement of bad habits, leading to learning failure. Of course, the process of forming students' habits is a very complicated one. As a teacher, students will always be given correct guidance in classroom teaching, and habit-forming education will be better. This paper puts forward a new viewpoint on the cultivation of good English learning habits, pointing out that the cultivation of good English learning habits has gone through three stages: habit selection, acceptance and imitation; Habit strengthening and consolidation stage; Habit automation and habit migration stage. Explore the general rules of developing good study habits of middle school students. First, the habit choice stage of English learning "Rome was not built in a day". As long as the teacher takes habit formation as a goal and runs through the whole teaching process, good results can be achieved. English learning is also a process of cultivating students' listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. When listening, speaking, reading and writing skills are improved, students' English level is also improved. Therefore, when cultivating students' study habits, we should also start from these aspects. 1. The habit of listening. Listening is the premise of learning a language, and teachers should follow the principle of "listening before speaking, reading before writing". Therefore, listening comes first. Listening should include students listening to the original tape and listening to the teacher's English explanation in class. Teachers should give students more opportunities to listen in class, speak authentic English, show students more original music, make more use of TV and multimedia for teaching, organize or encourage students to watch more English TV programs, and use weekly morning classes to urge students to take out their repeaters to listen to English and imitate it, that is to say, let students have enough time to imitate, form a sense of language and form good listening habits. 2. The habit of speaking. As English is a language, it requires learners to practice a lot in the process of learning. Teachers should encourage students, especially those who are introverted and shy, to ask them more questions and get them used to speaking English. When students engage in dialogue, teachers should demonstrate well, ask students to look at each other, make clear gestures and make clear mandatory language, so as to facilitate the smooth progress of the dialogue. Of course, teachers should also prepare more English activities, such as English duty report before class every day, telling short stories and jokes in English, organizing students to hold simple English debate contests, discussing topics in life in English corner and so on. In the morning, the teacher should let them communicate freely in English or perform the contents in the textbook. In short, let children learn in an English-speaking environment every day and develop good speaking habits. 3. Reading habits. Language is an audio subject. Read aloud when learning English. Students often don't pay attention to reading or don't know how to read correctly, which requires the correct guidance of teachers. First, imitate the pronunciation and intonation of teachers and tape recorders and read aloud. Reading aloud is conducive to the improvement of students' listening and speaking ability, as well as the formation of English language sense and the enhancement of their memory. Of course, before the students read aloud, the teacher should play a recording demonstration to remind them to pay attention to pronunciation and intonation, and to break sentences. In the process of students' reading, teachers should make good records and correct mistakes. Secondly, let students read more reading materials other than textbooks, such as English newspapers, dialogues and reading comprehension in practice. Expand knowledge, increase vocabulary, improve interest in English learning and help students form good reading habits. 4. Writing habits. On the one hand, it is the writing habits of letters and words, so that students can understand the spelling rules of words, the correct order of spelling words and the correct use of punctuation marks. Teachers are required to play a good exemplary role. Teach beginners the correct writing and copying methods. Take independent letters, words, phrases and meaning groups as copying units, and copy down sentences on the blackboard or in textbooks. Never write a letter or word just looking at it, but recite it as a whole and then write it on paper as a whole. On the other hand, a large number of written language exercises are carried out in class, and oral and listening exercises are transformed into simple sentences, and simple paragraphs are formed with sentences, so that students can develop the good habit of writing regularly and within a limited time. Persistence will improve the expressive ability of English composition. Teachers should emphasize the importance of writing. Writing carefully helps to remember, express language accurately and help students form good writing habits. In addition to students' good study habits in listening, speaking, reading and writing, teachers should also consciously cultivate students' good study habits in preview before class, homework after class, review after class, autonomous learning, sending and receiving exercise books and reading reference materials. In the early stage of English learning, learning itself is not very important, and the cultivation of habits is the primary norm for learners, which can make students enter the right track of learning English faster. Second, the order of habit acceptance and imitation of English learning While learning English, teachers constantly teach students various good habits of learning English, so that students can have a more perceptual knowledge and understanding of English learning and have a simple classification of learning habits. Then, in the specific teaching process, the teacher guides the students to operate concretely. In the process of operation, students can choose according to the actual situation of learning, which habits have been internalized into their own good habits and can continue. What habits have you not developed? Further cultivate them under the guidance of teachers. This cognitive process from scratch is also a process for students to understand and accept unknown habits. For example, in primary school, students also have many listening habits in English class, but due to the cultivation of systematic science, children have not formed a fixed pattern of listening habits. In junior high school, teachers should help students develop listening habits more systematically and patiently. How can they keep up with teachers, tape recorders and multimedia? How to practice writing while listening to complete the corresponding tasks? Many students can't synchronize listening and writing at first, and some are still nervous and not used to it. Maybe the tape recorder has finished reading, and some students haven't started writing yet. There are many similar situations. Children only know what to do, not how to do it. In other words, it is impossible for children to complete the corresponding teaching tasks without fully accepting the teacher's perceptual habits in behavior. Therefore, after the perceptual demonstration, the teacher should let the students have specific operations in behavior and let the habits gradually take root in the students' learning. When students accept new study habits emotionally, as English learners, imitating existing things will become an effective way to form habits. "Innovation" without imitation means mistakes. Innovation comes from imitation, which is the basis of learning English and innovation. Only by mastering the soul and essence of English through imitation can we talk about our own language style. When learning English, the principle of imitation is very important. For example, when learning phonetics, we should practice phonetic symbols, word pronunciation and read sentences and articles repeatedly. In practice, try to imitate the pronunciation of phonetic symbols and words, and imitate the tone and rhythm of sentences. Imitation is very important for learning pronunciation well. Imitation is also very important if you want to learn spoken English. When learning spoken English, try to imitate what you read and hear. Imitate the teacher's pronunciation and intonation; Imitate the dialogue, act out the dialogue ... Of course, it would be better if you imitate what you have read and heard on the principle of repetition. If you want to learn English writing, the importance of imitation is even more obvious. You have to read all kinds of articles and famous articles. I have read it many times, and if I really understand it, I must imitate it meticulously. Try to imitate, which is the most basic common sense in English learning. After a lot of imitation exercises, students' listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities will be improved. Many habits that have not yet been finalized can form a fixed pattern through a lot of imitation, from quantitative change to qualitative change, and the cultivation of good habits will come naturally. Third, the habit of learning English has been strengthened and consolidated. When students have experienced a lot of imitation, many habits have a certain foundation. The cultivation of habits naturally entered the stage of strengthening and consolidating. At this stage, teachers can learn from the following practices: 1, copy words, sentences and dialogue exercises on the blackboard. It is required to copy the content assigned by the teacher within the specified time, which must be accurate, fast and smooth. Praise for completing the task as required and increase the amount of practice; On the contrary, students are required to continue practicing until they meet the requirements. Its purpose is to train students' ability to recognize and copy quickly and accurately, and to bring convenience to shorthand of class notes. 2. In listening, teachers are required to speak fluent and pure English. If there is no way to meet higher requirements because of local dialects, they will play a large number of tapes directly in class and let students imitate exercises with tape recorders. You can use the recorded materials at the back of the book. The leading students close the book and listen to the recording. The backward students look at the materials and practice repeatedly, so that they can blurt out the sentences as soon as they hear them. Its purpose is to strengthen proficient sentences and consolidate classroom content. 3. Oral practice should give students ample opportunities to speak, for example, class duty report, one-minute English, self-introduction, and simply retell the dialogues and essays in the text. Common dialogue exercises, inter-group exercises, two-person group, four-person group, fixed group and non-fixed group. Looking at pictures, saying sentences, making sentences and making up stories according to word hints can cultivate students' habit of speaking English and improve their oral English ability. 4. English reading includes audio reading and silent reading. You can practice reading aloud at different times and places according to the actual situation. I like students to practice reading aloud in the morning, teach them to read aloud with breath as much as possible, break sentences with appropriate meaning groups and imitate pronunciation and intonation. After reading a book, it means reading, reciting the basic content, leaving the book behind, and better cultivating students' pronunciation and intonation. In addition, in the self-study class, let students read silently, that is, read aloud. Look with your eyes and read with your heart. No matter what kind of reading is necessary. The former is more important in the early stage, and the latter is more commonly used in the higher grades. 5. Writing is everywhere in classroom teaching. You can write it after listening. As I said, the materials you have read can be dictated, that is, read by hand. In the current English teaching results, listening, speaking and reading ultimately serve writing. Many students don't know this, so they don't want to work harder on their writing ability, thinking that the first three items are ok, so they pass. Starting from the first unit, I asked students to prepare a notebook for long-term use and give sentences five times a day. Students can meet the requirements. 6. The habit of doing homework is also very important. In addition to simple mechanical copying, I pay more attention to cultivating students' problem-solving skills in my homework: sketching keywords and sentences and marking them. Almost every student's practice can do this. In teaching, the multimedia booth is used to teach students to check, practice, correct and write postscript with special symbols. Every student must prepare a red pen and write down the reasons for the mistakes at any time. This can cultivate students' ability to carefully examine questions, carry out reasonable logical thinking in homework, and reduce carelessness and careless mistakes. Do the habit and realm of seeking stability in fast, seeking detail in stability and pursuing perfection in details. The strengthening and consolidation stage of English learning habits is actually a lot of mechanical exercises, and the accumulated amount changes to the final qualitative change-English learning habits automation IV. What is the habit automation of English learning? Generally speaking, after repeated practice, gradually develop the action pattern you need, or gradually develop an automatic behavior pattern that does not require will effort and supervision, which is called habit. For example, in real life, it is natural for students to greet their teachers, take bowls and chopsticks while eating, take off their pants when sleeping, etc., and they can achieve their goals with no effort. In English teaching, students can also accept a certain habit through training, strengthen and consolidate it through imitation, and unconsciously internalize it into a kind of ability and an automatic learning habit to some extent. When you hear the tone, you can judge whether the sentence is declarative or interrogative, and you can know the structure of the sentence according to the broken sentences read aloud. When you see the exercises, you can carefully examine the questions and do them consciously, without the need for teachers to repeat the requirements of doing the questions mechanically, which reduces the time for students to do the questions, reduces the chances of making mistakes, improves the efficiency of students' learning, experiences the benefits of good habits in success, and enhances their confidence in learning. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are the four basic skills of English. In the middle school stage, especially in the primary stage of learning English, paying attention to cultivating habits, creating colorful and diverse oral situations, and teachers' correct demonstration and reasonable transfer will play a great role in improving students' English learning quality and interest. In the late first grade, through hard work, most children can realize the automation of their study habits. V. Habit transfer Stage transfer in English learning, as a concept of cognitive psychology, belongs to a category of non-intellectual factors. In English teaching, we should attach importance to the influence and function of the transfer law, fully understand and accurately grasp the transfer phenomenon, scientifically evaluate and apply the transfer law, and promote the transformation between positive transfer and negative transfer. Give full play to the transfer function of language; Create an appropriate environment to curb negative migration; Careful analysis and comparison to achieve positive migration. This will play an inestimable role in strengthening students' understanding and memory of English learning and improving students' English achievements. The basic condition of migration is whether different skills have the same factors. In the process of English learning, first learn (acquired knowledge, skills, etc. ) often affects the follow-up study (learning new knowledge, such as skills, etc. ), which is called "learning transfer" in educational psychology. Cultivating students' mature psychological quality of transfer is an important subject in English teaching reform. If the first learning has a positive impact on the subsequent learning, it is positive transfer, and vice versa. For example, the step-by-step arrangement of each unit language in Go for it textbooks gives students a strong sense of hierarchy and is very helpful for mastering knowledge, which is the embodiment of positive transfer in teaching. On the contrary, students often confuse the usage of general questions and special questions after learning them, which is a manifestation of negative transfer. Therefore, in actual English teaching, students should be guided to make rational use of the formed good study habits and transfer them to specific language learning. Therefore, when learning English, we should make full use of the positive transfer of English language that is consistent with the Chinese language phenomenon or not beyond the scope allowed by customs, and try our best to prevent the negative transfer of English language that is inconsistent with the Chinese language phenomenon, including the unique English language phenomenon, so as to achieve the effect of nip in the bud. For example, if Chinese proficiency is transferred to English learning, the effect of this transfer will vary with the learners' Chinese proficiency. Therefore, as an English teacher, students should pay attention to and learn Chinese well if they want to learn English well. This is because if students have a good Chinese foundation, it will be easier to reveal the internal relations of English and the mistakes will be more regular, so it will be very easy to correct them. In addition, it is also important to promote the transfer of follow-up learning by using the English knowledge learned first. The combination of these two kinds of transfer will certainly play a great role in promoting students' English learning. Correctly understanding and handling the transfer of learning is conditional and regular, which is of great practical significance for promoting the formation of students' positive transfer psychology and preventing the occurrence of negative transfer. Habit formation is like spinning, where fine threads are repeatedly wound into thick ropes. Habit is like an automatic machine, which always switches on and off automatically. Habit represents the set of thinking and the norm of behavior, which reduces our thinking time and simplifies the steps of action, which can be described as saving time and effort. Once a habit is formed, it is difficult to get rid of it. Psychologists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology recently found that after habits are formed, the pattern of neural activity in the brain will change, so the influence of habits on a person can be described as deep-rooted. American psychologist James said: "sow an action and reap a habit;" Sow a habit and reap a character; Sow a character and reap a destiny. "Habits can even affect a person's character and destiny, and its importance can be seen from this. References 1,, Liu Jueqing. Contemporary educational psychology. Beijing Normal University Press,1997; 2. Shao Ruizhen. Educational psychology. Shanghai Education Press,1997; 3. gong The history and development of the study of learning transfer.