How to judge and distinguish function words in classical Chinese 18 in senior high school?

To be familiar with them, we must first clearly grasp their possible meanings, and then analyze the meaning here according to the context.

18 function words in classical Chinese required by the examination syllabus

And what it is, if it is done, it is also because of it.

1. And, er.

(1) conjunctions can connect words, phrases and clauses to express various relationships.

(1) means, equivalent to "and" and "or" no ".

② indicates a progressive relationship, which is equivalent to "moreover" and "harmony"

(3) indicating inheritance, which is equivalent to "just", "then" or not translating.

(4) indicates a turning point, which is equivalent to "however", "but" and "but"

⑤ Represents a hypothetical relationship and connects the subject and predicate, which is equivalent to "if" and "if".

⑥ means causality, which is equivalent to "therefore"

⑦ indicates the modifying relationship, that is, connecting adverbial and head word, which is equivalent to "zhe" and "di", or not translating.

(2) pronouns. The second person in the table is generally used as an attribute, equivalent to "yours", and occasionally used as the subject.

(3) verbs, such as, like.

(4) Disyllabic function words

(1) just, placed at the end of the sentence, indicates a restrictive tone, which is equivalent to "just"

② Then, it is equivalent to "just" and "just"

(3) The situation, that is, "besides", uses rhetorical tone to express further meaning.

2. Hu

(1) modal particles

(1) said interrogative tone, equivalent to "it" and "it"

(2) said measure tone, equivalent to "ba"

(3) expressing rhetorical mood, which is equivalent to "Ma" and "Na"

(4) Expressing an exclamation tone, which is equivalent to "ah" and "ya"

⑤ Used in sentences to express pause.

⑥ Adjective suffix, sometimes equivalent to "land"

(2) prepositions. Equivalent to "Yu"

(1) indicates the time of action, from.

(2) Indicates the object involved in the action, right, right.

(3) said the action location, in

Compare, compare, compare.

3.Its，qí

(1) pronoun

(1) is used as the third person, indicating the affiliation, which is equivalent to "he, she, it (them)"

(2) Used as the third person, the general generation, used in front of verbs or adjectives, as a small subject in subject-predicate phrases. Equivalent to "he, she, it (us)

③ Living in the first person. Can be used as an attribute or a small subject, which is equivalent to "I (de)" and "I (de)"

(4) demonstrative pronouns with far-reaching meaning can be translated into "na", "na", "those" and "there"

⑤ When demonstrative pronouns are used as attributes, they are equivalent to "among them" and "among them".

(2) Adverbs

Expressing rhetorical tone in sentences is equivalent to "don't" and "how"

(2) expressing speculative mood in sentences is equivalent to "I'm afraid", "maybe", "impossible" and "possible"

(3) in the sentence said imperative mood, equivalent to "certain".

(4) In the sentence, the tone of euphemistic discussion is equivalent to "can" and "or"

(3) Conjunction

(1) indicates the selection relationship, which is equivalent to "Yes ... or"

(2) said hypothetical relationship, equivalent to "if"

(4) Auxiliary words that play a role in regulating syllables may not be translated.

The snow is boundless and the clouds are raining. "Wading into the River" ()-The snow is boundless, and the dark clouds press the eaves.

4. Also, Qi Yan

(1) conjunction

(1) connect two adjectives, indicating a coordinate relationship, "Again ... Here we go ..." The river is clear and blue. Cut the Tan ()-The river is clear and full of ripples.

(2) Connect two verbs to express the coordinate relationship, "and ..."

And if the old man coughs and laughs in the valley. The Story of Shi Zhongshan ()-Like the old man, someone coughed and laughed in the valley.

(3) said the progressive relationship, and, and, with a wall of inverse strong Qin Huan,no.. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ()-and it is not allowed to violate Qin's powerful friendly expression because of a treasure jade.

(4) said concessions, equivalent to "still"

I won't avoid death, so I'll drink and resign! "The Hongmen Banquet" ()-I don't want to escape when I'm dead. What's wrong with a glass of wine?

(5) said to undertake the relationship, and then I heard that my sister has a cabinet. What is a cabinet? () the metaphysical wisdom of the ridge. -I heard that my sister's house has a pavilion, so what is a pavilion?

(2) Adverbs

(1) indicates the time state of the action, temporary, temporary.

Those who drag out an ignoble existence are dead. Stone Trencher (). -the living drag out an ignoble existence for a while, and the dead are finished forever.

(2) indicates that the behavior is about to appear, will appear, and will appear.

I'm afraid I will eat myself. Guizhou donkey ()-I think (this donkey) is going to bite itself, and I'm scared.

(3) When used before numerals, it means close to a certain number, near, or about.

Uncle Yu of Beishan is ninety years old. "Yugong Mountain" ()-Yugong in Beishan is nearly ninety years old.

(3) auxiliary words, the role is equivalent to "husband", which means to be discussed below.

And mediocrity is shameful, and the situation is similar! Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ()-A mediocre man is still ashamed of it, let alone a general and prime minister?

Sometimes "chev" is used together to indicate further discussion below.

Besides, the world is not small and weak, and Yongzhou is solid and self-sufficient. "On Qin" ()-Moreover, the world has not shrunk or weakened, and the terrain of Yongzhou and the dangers of Yaoshan and Hanguguan are still the same as before.

5. However, Roland

(1) pronoun, so

Although some people can't stand the storm, let it be. "Persuade to learn" ()-Even if it is dried by the wind and the sun, it will not be straight again, because it is made in this way.

(2) The conjunctions indicating the turning point are equivalent to "but" and "however", but few people remember them according to their left and right. Treasure toad trip ()-however, looking around the cave, the number of people who came here and left traces has decreased.

(3) auxiliary words, used after adjectives, verbs or adverbs, indicate the state of things or actions, which can be translated into "land" and "Tao".

(1) thousands of feet stone face, such as beasts, ghosts, newcomers to hit people. "Shi Zhongshan" (). -On the edge of the big stone stood a strange ghost as high as several thousands of feet, like a fierce beast, hazily like to pounce on people.

(2) Open the coat, give it a bead and seal it. Story of Zhong Wang Su Gong Ao ()-Su Gong opened his cloak, took out pearls and gave them to him, leaving the impression as before.

(4) Adverbs expressing responses are often written in separate sentences and can be translated as "right" and "yes".

However, there are also sincere people. "History" (-yes, there are such people.

⑤ Adjective, correct, is Guangwu. Naixingbu Chen She Uprising ()-Guangwu thought he was right, so he went to divination.

(6) The verb that ... is correct.

"Go and search yourself, just in case." Very natural. "Promote weaving" ()-"Why don't you look for it yourself? Maybe you can get something." Fame thinks she is right.

(7) Disyllabic function words

(1) Then, it is equivalent to "then" and "then" in modern Chinese, which means to undertake.

Yes, and then know the weight; Degree, then know the length. "History" ()-call it, and you will know the weight; Measure it and you'll know the length.

However, it is equivalent to "In this case, then ..." In modern Chinese, it plays a connecting role.

However, the king's great wish is well known. "Qi Huan King Shi Zhi" ()-In this case, you can know what you want most.

(3) However, it is equivalent to modern Chinese "(although) like this, but ……" means a turning point.

Old people eat meat and wear clothes and silk. Li people are neither hungry nor cold, but they are not kings and have nothing. "Qi Huan Jinwen's business" ()-Old people wear silk clothes and eat meat. Ordinary people don't go hungry and freeze, but this can't achieve kingliness. I haven't heard of it.

6. Institute, su ǒ.

(1) particle

As an auxiliary word, "suo" can only be combined with verbs to form a famous part-of-speech "suo" structure, which is equivalent to "de" structure in modern Chinese.

Fish, what I want; Bear's paw is what I want Fish is what I want (). -fish is what I want, bear's paw is what I want.

(2) In response to "Wei", the format of "Wei ..." is formed, indicating passivity.

If you don't leave soon today, you may be the first to go. Battle of Red Cliffs ()-If you don't hurry, I'm afraid Cao will beat you to it.

(2) Nouns and places

I've been thinking it over and over, so there's nothing to teach me to hunt insects. () "Weaver Girl's Promotion"-I became famous and thought about it again and again. Tell me where to catch crickets?

(3) Table estimation

Chen Erli, check will not reach the Huns. Historical Records Biography of General Li ()-Stop at a place less than two miles away from the Xiongnu position.

④ Disyllabic function words, so

(1) The way, method or basis of behavior expression is equivalent to "used method" and "used".

Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. Teacher's Theory ()-Teachers rely on him to spread truth, teach knowledge and solve problems.

(2) said the reason, equivalent to "the reason (reason)

Therefore, I went to my relatives to serve you, and I admire your lofty righteousness. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ()-The reason why we left our relatives to serve you is to admire your noble morality.

7. Wei, pronounced 1: Wei

(1) verb

Do, do

And put a stone in front of his grave to show what he did. Monument to the Tomb of Five People ()-A stone tablet was erected in front of their graves in recognition of their actions.

② extended to "governance" and "management"

For the country, no one was taken away by Wikipedia! The Six Kingdoms Theory ()-People who govern the country should not let themselves be intimidated by the long-standing power!

3 become, become

A pawn is happy and an awkward friend. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ()-They finally made up and became friends who vowed to share life and death.

4 act as

Chen Sheng and Guangwu were both appointed captains. "Chen She Family" ()-Chen Sheng and Guangwu are both made up in the team according to the order of recruitment, serving as village heads.

⑤ act as

Then practice Huawei City, because the river is a pool. On Qin ()-Then Huashan is the city wall and the Yellow River is the moat.

6. Yes, sort of.

Nowadays, man is a knife and I am a fish. Why should I resign? () The Hongmen Banquet-Now people are knives and chopping boards, and we are fish and meat. Why are we leaving?

Think about it, think about it

Steal for the king and not take it! Hongmen Banquet ()-Personally, I don't think you should do this!

(2) Preposition, indicating passive mood

What's the point of the whole world laughing? () On Qin-I died in the hands of others and was laughed at by the whole world. Why?

(3) auxiliary words, placed at the end of the sentence, express doubt, exclamation, backchat, etc. , can be translated as "you". Why do you want to catch Yu and let yourself see it? (). Biography of Qu Yuan-Why do you want to keep your noble and beautiful moral integrity and exile yourself?

Pronunciation 2: wèi

(1) preposition

(1) said the object of action, for, for.

So I took a bus to An Jun, Chang 'an, and the quality was good. So I prepared a hundred cars for Chang and took them to Qi as hostages.

(2) said the purpose of the action, for, for.

I am willing to be the pommel horse of this city, and I will sign for you from now on. Mulan Shi ()-Mulan was willing to buy a pommel horse for this reason and joined the army for her father.

(3) indicates the reason for the action, because

People can't see insurance, so they don't have to be kind. "History" ()-People can't be protected because you refuse to use your kindness.

(4) indicates the direction, correctness and direction of action.

Humanism is not enough for outsiders. Peach Blossom Garden (). It's not worth telling anyone.

⑤ indicates the time when the action takes place, in, when.

For its sake, I ask you to bind a man to cross the king. Yan Zishi Chu ()-When he comes, please let me walk past you alone.

8. Why, Yang

(1) modal particles

It is often used at the end of a sentence, and can be translated into "ah", "ne" and "le" according to the situation, and sometimes it can not be translated.

Eg 1。 You can look at it from a distance, but don't be ridiculous. "Ailian said" ()-You can see it from a distance, but you can't despise it.

Eg2。 If the king hides his innocence and dies, what about the cattle and sheep? () The story of Qi Huan Jinwen-If you pity it and go to the place where it died without guilt, what's the difference between slaughtering cattle and slaughtering sheep?

Eg3。 For Dan, with Jing Qing as the plan, the disaster will begin soon. "Six Kingdoms" ()-Taizi Dan took Jing Ke as the way to stab the king of Qin, which caused great disaster.

(2) Used in sentences, it means to pause and not translate.

I don't know, I don't understand, or I don't know, or I don't know. -If you don't know how to read sentences, you can't answer questions. Some learn from teachers and some don't.

(3) Used after adjectives or adverbs to indicate the state, which is equivalent to "ran"

Dish, dish, honeycomb vortex. "Epang Palace Fu" ()-twists and turns, like a hive, like a water vortex.

(2) Pronouns

(1) The third person, he, they; It, they

Therefore, it is necessary for husband to observe people. The snake catcher said ()-so I wrote this article, waiting for those officials who observe the people's feelings to see it.

(2) Table topic, where, what, how?

And how to place earthwork? "Yugong Mountain" ()-Besides, where to put earth and stone?

(3) Part-time words can be understood as "so" and "yes" to people, things and places.

Death is a matter of time, but it is a matter of time. "The Battle of Dishes" ()-You are doomed to die in this area. I'll clean up your bones.

9. Also, yě modal particles are often placed at the end of sentences to express various moods.

(1) indicates the tone of judgment.

Defeat the enemy's soldiers without fighting, and the good ones are also good. "Attack with strategy" ()-It is the best (strategy) to defeat the enemy without fighting.

(2) the tone of the statement or explanation.

I am afraid that I will bear the court, and I am afraid that I will be ashamed of my teacher. Zuo Yi Shi ()-I'm afraid I've failed the court, but I'm afraid I'm sorry for my teacher.

(3) The interrogative tone indicates that the son is afraid of death and evil? Why are you crying? (). "Xinlingjun steals a spell to save Zhao"-are you afraid of death? Why are you crying?

(4) Expressed sigh tone.

You are beautiful, how can Xu Can Gong be as beautiful as you! Zou Ji satirizes Qi Wang's mediocrity ()-you are so beautiful, where can the public compare with you!

⑤ Used in sentences to express a soothing tone.

This statement is often doubted. Shi Zhongshan (). -this statement, people often doubt.

10. Yi, how about you?

(1) preposition

(1) means the object directly involved in the action, which can be translated as "ba"

Qin didn't give Zhao the city, and Ye Zhao didn't give Qin Bi. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ()-Qin did not give the city to Zhao, nor did he give Baoyu to Qin.

(2) Tools representing actions and behaviors can be translated as "take" and "use".

We must take Chang 'an An Jun as the quality, and go out. Touch the dragon and say "Queen Zhao" (). -only when you are often taken hostage will you send reinforcements.

(3) Indicates the identity of the action, which can be translated as "Dependent (using) ... identity"

So the word is printed without worship, and the bachelor's degree of Senior Minister Tang is accomplished. Introduction to the Southern Guide ()-So I quit my prime minister and went there to be a bachelor.

(4) indicates the reason of the action, which can be translated as "reason" and "because"

And it is impossible to use stones to resist the joy of the Qin dynasty. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru ()-and it is not allowed to violate Qin's powerful friendly expression because of a treasure jade.

⑤ indicates the time when the action occurred, which can be translated as "in"

In December of the thirty-ninth year of Qianlong, I set out from Beijing ... as for Taian. Climbing Mount Tai ()-Qianlong arrived in Taian from Beijing in December of the thirty-ninth year.

(2) Conjunction has many similarities with "He", but it does not represent a turning point.

(1) indicates a parallel or progressive relationship, which is equivalent to "and", "and" and so on.

Husband and wife have many tourists; The risks are far away, but the risks are few. "You Bao Chan" ()-The road is flat and close, and there are more people visiting; If the road is dangerous and far away, fewer people will go. (2) indicating the relationship of succession, the "need" before the action is often the means or way after the action. It can be translated as "and" or omitted.

Yu and four people embraced the fire and entered. Go to Baochan Mountain ()-I entered (the cave) with four people holding torches.

(3) It indicates the purpose relationship, and the action after "one" is often the purpose or result of the previous action. It can be translated into "er", "lai", "use" and "make it so".

On the east coast, climb Jieshi Mountain to see the vast sea. "Look at the sea" ()-climb Jieshi Mountain in the east to see the sea.

(4) Causality, which is often used before the clause indicating the cause, can be translated as "because"

The princes are wise by their sons, and there are many guests. For more than ten years, they dare not add soldiers to seek Wei. "Xinling Jun stole the charm to save Zhao" ()-The vassals dared not send troops to attack Wei for more than ten years because they had more sons and more guests.

⑤ It indicates the modifying relationship and connects the adverbial and the head word, which can be translated as "er" or omitted.

Wood is thriving and spring is blooming. "Back to the word Xi" ()-the trees are lush and the springs are trickling.

(3) Adverbs, through "you", have.

It is strange to get a book in a fish's stomach. "Chen She Family" ()-It's strange to find the words written on the silk in the belly.

(4) Disyllabic function words

(1) "to be" and "to be" are equivalent to "therefore", which leads to the development or inference of things eg 1. Preface to send Ma Sheng to Dongyang ()-So most people are willing to lend me their books.

Eg2。 I am remembering it, sighing the simplicity of Li Yuan and laughing at Li Bo's ugliness. The Story of Shi Zhongshan ()-I wrote it down, lamenting the simplicity of Li Daoyuan and laughing at Li Bo's shallowness.

(2) "think" is equivalent to "treat ..."; Sometimes it can also be said to be "thinking", a verb.

Eg 1。 Good medicine is famous for its inability to cure diseases. "Bian Que meets Cai Huangong" ()-Doctors like to take people who are not sick as their own credit.

Eg2。 I think I am a soldier, and I think I can do it. Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (Biography)-I personally think that this man is brave and resourceful and should be able to go out.

(5) Verbs

① use

You don't need loyalty, and you don't need virtue. "River-related" ()-A loyal minister may not be appointed, and a virtuous minister may not be appointed.

Think about it, think about it

The veteran made a short plan for Chang 'an. On Zhao ()-I think your plan for Chang is too short-sighted.

1 1. Yi, yǐ modal particles

Used at the end of a declarative sentence, which is equivalent to "le"

When Minister Zheng Mu inspected the guest house, he tied himself up and became an army and a horse. "The Battle of Dishes" ()-Zheng Mugong sent someone to the guest house to check, and (found) they had loaded the vehicles, sharpened the weapons and fed the horses.

Used at the end of exclamatory sentences, equivalent to "ah", "ya" and "la"

What a pity that you don't like it! Yugong Yishan (). -You are so stupid!

(3) Used at the end of imperative sentences, equivalent to "ba"

Son, encourage me! The old minister can't keep up. "Xin Lingjun stole the symbol to save Zhao" (). -You work hard! I can't go with you.

(4) Used in sentences, mostly at the end of clauses, indicating pause.

I've been thinking about it all day. I might as well learn it in a minute. "Persuade to learn" ()-I used to meditate all day, so I might as well study hard later.

12. Because, y and n

(1) is used as a preposition

(1) said the cause of the action behavior, equivalent to "because"

If you add something to your heart, you will think unreasonably. Ten thoughts on remonstrating Taizong (). To be kind to others, we should consider not giving the wrong return because of selfish love.

(2) indicates the timing of the behavior, which can be translated as "use"

After your life is over, please dance with the sword, because you will be seated by hitting Pei Gong. The banquet at the Hongmen ()-After the toast, (especially) Liu Bang was stabbed to death in his seat.

(3) Things that express actions and behaviors can be translated as "relying on" and "relying on"

Such as Chu, it is also because of the rich money that the minister Shanxi merchants are used. Biographies of Qu Yuan ()-I went to Chu State and bribed Shanxi merchants, the powerful minister of Chu State, with generous gifts.

(4) The object representing the action can be translated as "pass" and "pass"

Hearing this, Lian Po, naked and humbled, apologized to the guests who came to Lin Xiangru Gate. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru (II)-Lian Po heard these words, carrying Vitex negundo shirtless, and led the guests to Lin Xiangru Palace to apologize.

(2) Conjunction, connecting clauses, indicating the reason, which can be translated as "because" and "because".

Among the auspicious symbols, only people can see them, because they built the Yuqing Palace and cut down mountains as materials. Yandang Mountain ()-Xiangfu period, it was not seen until Yuqing Palace was built and timber was cut down on the mountain. (3) Adverbs

It means that two things come one after another, which can be translated as "continue"

One country is a thousand times, big countries walk, plus a teacher's journey, hungry. , Zeng,,, Gong Xihua and others were seated (). -A country with thousands of chariots was caught in the middle of a big country, troops from other countries invaded, and then there was famine at home.

(2) meaning following the above, it can be translated as "therefore", and "JIU" is the prelude to drawing the sword. "Battle of Red Cliffs" (). So I drew my sword and cut down some boxes of paper in front of me.

(4) Verbs

Rely on, rely on

Yizhou is in danger ... Gaozu became emperor. "Longzhong Dui" ()-Yizhou is in danger, and ... Gaozu achieved imperial industry by it.

Follow, follow

Without filial piety, Huiwen, Wu and Wu all lost their jobs because of the legacy. On Qin ()-After Qin Xiaogong's death, King Huiwen, Wu Hui and Zhao Xiang inherited the existing heritage and followed the strategy of the previous generation.

(5) Noun, the opportunity is left to the legacy, and there is no reason today. Peacock flies southeast ()-I'll keep it for you as a souvenir and never see you again.

13. Yu, Yu preposition

(1) The time when the intermediary action occurs can be translated as "to", "to" and "to".

Leave it to the legacy, there is no reason today. Peacock flies southeast (). I'll leave you a souvenir and never see you again.

(2) Introduce the place where the action took place, which can be translated as "to", "to" and "from".

The gentry, doctors and scholars were all drawn from Prime Minister Zuo's house. I don't know what the plan is. Preface to "Introduction to the South" ()-Officials of all sizes gathered in the Zuo Prime Minister's Office, and no one knew where to come up with a solution. (3) introduce the reasons for the action, which can be translated as "due to"

Diligence is good at diligence, waste is good at play. Solutions to Learning (). Profound learning is due to diligence, and waste is due to play.

(4) The direct objects of mediation can be translated as "harmony", "sameness" and "following".

Nothing can help the world with * *. "Battle of Red Cliffs" (). -it is better to send cronies to take the initiative to form an alliance with Wu Dong, and * * * has completed the great cause handed down from ancient times.

(5) Introduce the objects involved in the action, which can be translated as "right" and "right"

If you love your son, choose a teacher to teach him. You are ashamed of him, you are ashamed of him. "Teacher" ()-Love your child and choose a teacher to teach him; For myself, I am ashamed to learn from my teacher.

(6) The object referred to in the action can be translated as "Xiang"

It's urgent. Please ask General Sun for help. "Battle of Red Cliffs" ()-things are critical. Please allow me to ask General Sun Quan for help.

(7) The place where the intervention reaches can be translated as "to".

From the road of death, back to Zhao. Lian Po Lin Xiangru biography ()-escape from the path and send Baoyu back to Zhao.

(8) The object of comparison can be translated as "comparison"

Confucius said, "tyranny is fiercer than tiger." The snake catcher said ()-Confucius said that cruel political oppression is more fierce than a tiger.

(9) Active mediation can be translated as "being"

Therefore, Zheng Xiu was in internal chaos, and Yi Cheung was bullied externally. Biography of Qu Yuan (). -So I was confused by Zheng Xiu at home and cheated by Zhang Yi outside.

(10) Disyllabic Function Word "So"

(1) is placed at the beginning of a sentence, indicating the sequence or causal relationship between the preceding and following sentences, which is the same as the usage of "then" in modern Chinese.

Wu Zhimin was heartbroken, so he used his harsh voice, then made noise and chased each other. "Five-person Tomb Monument" ()-Wu Jun's people hated him in their hearts, so as soon as he patted him, he shouted after him.

Put it before or after the predicate as an adverbial or complement, which can be translated as "at this time", "on this matter", "on this point" and "from now on" according to the situation.

Eg 1。 So the king of Qin refused to be afraid and hit it with one blow. Lian Po Lin Xiangru biography ()-In this case, the king of Qin was very unhappy and knocked on the clay pot for the prince of Zhao.

Eg2。 Then Wen Gong was buried in ink, and Jin began to use ink. "The Battle of Dishes" ()-So he buried Wen Gong in the dark. Jin began to wear black mourning clothes. 14. Also, Y avatar

Preposition, which introduces the object involved in the action, is equivalent to "harmony", "similarity" and "heel".

When Chen She was young, he tried to farm with human servants. Chen She aristocratic family ()-When Chen Sheng was young, he was hired by others to farm.

(2) conjunctions, conjunctions and words, or phrases and phrases, indicate a coordinate relationship, which can be "harmony", independence, respect and loneliness. Battle of Red Cliffs ()-Only you and Lu Su think the same way.

(3) Children's modal particle "Yi" can be translated into "Mo" and "Ba". Read yú at this time.

Is it too much to ask for nothing? () "Jishi will attack Zhuan Xu"-You Ran, I'm afraid it's your fault?

(4) Verbs

1. Give

I insist ... a pair of jade fights, and I want to fight my father. Hongmen Banquet ()-I took a pair of jade cups and wanted to give them to Yafu.

harmonious

I don't know what I lost. "Candle shines on Qin Shi" ()-It is unwise to lose the allies you have made.

agree

Doctor Shangguan saw it and wanted to take it away, but Qu Yuan didn't. Biography of Qu Yuan ()-Doctor Shangguan read it and wanted to change it, but Qu Yuan disagreed.

Participate, participate, and read the rest at this time.

Uncle Jian's son and teacher. "The Battle of Dishes" ()-Uncle Jian's son also joined the team.

15. Yes, zāi modal particles.

(1) said rhetorical tone, equivalent to "horse" and "ni"

People's aspirations are not as good as humble monks. () "For Learning"-If a person is determined, isn't it better than a monk in a remote place in Shu?

(2) expressing an exclamation tone, which is equivalent to "ah" and "ah"

Swallows know the ambition of swans! "Chen She Family" ()-Where did the sparrow know the ambition of the swan?

The interrogative tone is equivalent to "you" and "ah"

Is it to taste the heart of the ancient benevolent, or to do something different? () "Yueyang Tower"-I have explored the thoughts and feelings of ancient nobles, and some of them are different from these two performances. Why?

It means imperative mood, which is equivalent to "Ba" and "Ah"

For the country, no one was taken away by Wikipedia! The Six Kingdoms Theory ()-People who govern the country should not be intimidated by the accumulated strength of the enemy!

16. So, Ze

(1) conjunction

① indicates the inheritance relationship, which can be translated as "JIU", "Bian", "Originally" and "Already".

Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, and the golden tip is beneficial. "Persuade learning" ()-So measuring with ink lines can make wood straighter, and grinding on stones can make metal swords sharper.

(2) indicates the hypothetical relationship, which can be translated as "if" and "then"

The five mountains wholeheartedly are an organic whole, while the proud things are connected by flesh and blood. Ten Thoughts of Emperor Taizong (II)-If you treat others wholeheartedly, even enemies like wuyue can unite as one; If you look down on others, even your closest relatives will become strangers.

(3) indicates a coordinate relationship, which can be translated as "JIU"

Represents a turning point, which can be translated as "but" and "but"

Adverbs are used to judge sentences and strengthen judgment mood. Can be translated as "yes"

17. The auxiliary word "zhe"

(1) is attached to other words or phrases to form a noun phrase, which is equivalent to "(people, things, situations) ..."

(2) After a word or a group of words, it plays the role of Teton.

(3) After the time words, add syllables.

(4) After counting words, it can be translated into "ge" and "sample"

After the subject, it means Teton or judgment, and often constitutes a judgment sentence.

Echoing words such as "if", "like" and "like" means "like"

The post-attributive is equivalent to "de"

At the end of the statement, indicating the end of the statement.

18.Zhi, zh and

(1) pronoun

(1) the third person pronoun, generally as the object. Can represent people, things and things.

(2) demonstrative pronouns, indicating near fingers. It can be translated as "this"

(3) Flexible use of the first person is equivalent to "I"

auxiliary word

Structural auxiliary words, attributive symbols. Equivalent to "de"

Symbols of structural auxiliary words and complements. Equivalent to "getting"

Symbols of structural auxiliary words and preposition objects

Structural auxiliary words, signs of attributive postposition

Put it between the subject and the predicate to cancel the independence of the sentence.

Syllable auxiliary words play the role of supplementing syllables.

Verb, go, go ...