Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang's life and social background at that time

Zhuge Liang (181-234) was named Kong Ming and Wolong. Zhuge Liang was born into an official family in Langxie Yang Du in the fourth year of Han Dynasty (18 1). Zhuge family is a noble family of Langxie, whose ancestor Zhuge Feng served as a captain of Li Si in the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, named Simon, worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang lost his father in his early years and came to Zhang Yu with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, who was appointed as the magistrate by Yuan Shu. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhuge Xuan was replaced by Zhu Hao, and Zhuge Xuan went to his old friend Jingzhou to shepherd Liu Biao.

In the second year of Jian 'an (197), Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his sister-in-law lost their livelihood and moved to Longzhong (now 20 miles west of Xiangyang County, Nanyang is a secluded place? ), live in seclusion in the countryside to farm and make a living. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Zhuge Liang's reading was different from that of most people at that time. He doesn't stick to one chapter and one sentence, but looks at it roughly. He likes to recite the old ballad "Song of Fu Liang". Through painstaking research, he is not only familiar with astronomy and geography, but also with tactical art of war. He is ambitious and takes the world as his responsibility. Zhuge Liang also paid great attention to observing and analyzing the society at that time and accumulated rich knowledge of governing the country and using troops.

In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei "visited the Caotang" and asked Zhuge Liang about his plan to unify the world. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and turning it into a base area first, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, helping foreigners in the south, fighting wars in the west, and waiting for an opportunity to go north to unify the whole country. This conversation is very famous. [That is, Gulong Mountain, 0/3 km west of Xiangyang, Hubei Province, was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County at that time]

After listening to Zhuge Liang's incisive and thorough analysis, Liu Bei's thoughts were suddenly enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talents were rare, so he earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out to assist Liu Bei, forming the momentum of the Three Kingdoms. Zhuge Liang stepped forward in times of crisis, assisted Liu Bei and United his grandson against Cao. Chibi defeated Cao Jun and seized Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. In three years (223), Liu Bei was critically ill, and everything went well afterwards.

After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang and was in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. Diligent and prudent, major and minor matters should be handled in person, rewards and punishments should be strict, relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China should be improved, land reclamation should be carried out, and combat readiness should be strengthened. In the fifth year of lite (227), Shangshu (the "model") was stationed in Liu Chan, and the army was stationed in Hanzhong. It explored the Central Plains six times before and after, and many of them failed with grain. Twelve years later, due to overwork, he died in the former army and entrusted Jiang Wei with the funeral.

Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician, thinker and strategist in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang became the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary story was told by the world. Zhuge Liang's writings, in the "Three Kingdoms", include "Catalogue of Zhuge Ji", 24 articles, 104 1 12 words. Zhuge Zhongwu Hou Ji compiled by A Qing Zhang Shu is a relatively complete work. Zhuge Liang's main works in his life are: Front Model, Back Model and Longzhong Dui. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. He once innovated the crossbow and fired 10 arrows at the same time. As a "wooden cow flowing horse", it is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; He also derived Sun Tzu's Art of War and made an "eight-array diagram"

There are many memorial sites for Zhuge Liang, including dozens all over the country. There is an endless stream of tourists.

The earliest Wuhou Temple in China is located in Mianxian County, Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province. Mianxian Wuhou Temple is the first Wuhou Temple in the world. Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was built in the spring of the sixth year of Jing Yao (AD 263). Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu and Han Dynasties, was named "Wuxiang Hou" before his death (Wuxiang is now Wuxiang Town of Hanzhong City), and was later named "Loyal Wuhou Hou" by Liu Chan, so his temple was honored as "Wuhou Temple" in history. Now the Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County is magnificent and large-scale, with more than 60 halls in the courtyard, which is not only a place to mourn the sages, but also a place to visit cultural relics. More significantly, the location of Wuhou Temple in Mianxian County was the former site of Zhuge Liang's "Hangyuan Xiangfu" during his northern expedition to Hanzhong.

At present, in addition to Chengdu Wuhou Temple and Mianxian Wuhou Temple, there are Nanyang Wuhou Temple, Baidicheng Wuhou Temple, Yunnan Baoshan Wuhou Temple and Qishan Wuhou Temple. In addition, there are Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Temple built before the Tang Dynasty, Wuhou Temple built in the Ming Dynasty (Puyin, Hubei) and Huangling Temple built during the Jian 'an period (Yichang, Hubei). Zhuge Town in Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, was named after Zhuge Liang's descendants lived here for generations. The Prime Minister's Temple was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, which has been more than 370 years. There are 52 ancient buildings in the Prime Minister's Temple, which contains Zhuge Liang's spiritual position. In recent years, the Prime Minister's Temple in Lanxi has gradually gained fame and influence. It is a great historic site in Lanxi and a land of Range Rover.

Zhuge Liang chronicle

Year, age, life and deeds

Guanghe four years 18 1 1 Zhuge Liang was born in Langxie Yang Du (now yinan county).

In the sixth year, at the age of 189, Zhuge Liang's mother Zhang died.

Chuping 3 years 192 12 years old Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Si died.

194 14 in the first year of Xingping, Zhuge Liang, his brother Zhuge Jun and his sister were adopted by his uncle Zhuge Liangxuan, and his brother Zhu Gejin went to Jiangdong with his stepmother.

At the age of 65,438+095,65,438+05, in the second year of Chuping, Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan was appointed as the prefect, and he and his siblings went with his uncle (now Nanchang).

Zhuge Xuan died in the second year of Jian 'an at the age of 197 17. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother and sister moved to Longzhong.

In the fourth year of Jian 'an, 199 19 years old, Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied with Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.

Jian 'an12 Liu Bei, 27, visited the thatched cottage. Zhuge Liang told Liu Beichen that there are three points in the world, which is the famous "thatched cottage pair". Go out to help Liu Bei at once.

Jian 'an13 Zhuge Liang, 28, persuaded Sun Quan to form an alliance with Liu Bei to win in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Jian 'an 14 209 29-year-old Zhuge Liang served as a military commander.

Jian 'an1621131years old Zhuge Liang and Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were guarding Jingzhou.

Jian 'an19214 Zhuge Liang, 34, left Guan Yu to guard Jingzhou and joined forces with Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun to meet Liu Bei. Liu Bei entered Chengdu and took charge of Bashu. Zhuge Liang served as general Zuo, a strategist of the Shu army, and concurrently served as a government official.

In the 20th year of Jian 'an, 2 15, 35-year-old Zhuge Liang rectified the internal affairs of Bashu.

In the 23rd year of Jian 'an, Zhuge Liang stayed in Bashu at the age of 2 18 to raise rations for Liu Bei who was fighting in Hanzhong.

In the first year of Zhangwu in Shu, Liu Bei ascended the throne at the age of 22 1 4 1 and established Shu. Zhuge Liang was appointed Prime Minister.

In the first year of Shu Jianxing, in 223, 43-year-old Liu Bei, Baidicheng, entrusted Zhuge Liang.

Liu Chan named Zhuge Liang as the marquis of Wuxiang and led Yizhou as a shepherd.

At the age of 224, the state of Shu was founded for two years. Zhuge Liang adjusted the internal affairs of Bashu and stabilized the people's hearts that were confused by Liu Bei's defeat.

At the age of 225 and 45, Zhuge Liang led the army south and stabilized the four southern counties.

Shu Jianxing was 4 years old, and Zhuge Liang was 226 and 46 years old.

Zhuge Liang, 227 and 47 years old, submitted a "model" of the Northern Expedition to Liu Chan in the fifth year of Jianxing in Sichuan.

228-year-old, 48-year-old, the northern expedition street pavilion fell in 6 years. Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Su with tears, and reduced himself to General Right, becoming Prime Minister.

At the age of 229 and 49, Zhuge Liang took Wudu and Yin Ping in the Northern Expedition again, and resumed his post as prime minister.

At the age of 230 and 50, the state of Shu was founded for eight years, and Zhuge Liang went north again.

Nine years on lite, Shu 23 1 5 1 year old. Zhuge Liang attacked Qishan in the Northern Expedition, defeated Sima Zhong Da and defeated General Zhang He of Wei.

Zhuge Liang, 53, built a mansion in Gu Jie to collect food.

Shu Jianxing 12 Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan during the Northern Expedition at the age of 234.54.