Do regular smoking and regular exercise affect lung capacity?

Vital capacity is determined by alveolar elasticity and lung health. Smoking will reduce alveolar elasticity and damage lung health.

Smoking is very harmful to people's health, and it has a certain impact on bone development, nervous system, respiratory system and reproductive system. Therefore, smoking will damage the respiratory tract and produce inflammation, increase the resistance of breathing and reduce the vital capacity.

Vital capacity can show a person's cardiopulmonary function. People with large lung capacity have better oxygen supply ability.

Decreased vital capacity will accelerate human aging. Generally, after the age of 35, with the increase of age, vital capacity began to decline gradually. At this time, the oxygen supply of human body is reduced by 5% to 10% compared with that of young people, and organ aging will also accelerate. However, if we can persist in physical exercise, we can obviously improve the cardiopulmonary function and slow down the aging of the human body. Many long-distance runners and swimmers in their forties and fifties have the same vital capacity as young people in their twenties, and their physiological age is relatively younger.

In addition, smoking also has the following hazards to the body:

Smoking in the brain can cause a variety of brain diseases, reduce oxygen and blood circulating in the brain, lead to cerebral vascular bleeding and occlusion, and lead to paralysis, mental decline and stroke. The cause of stroke is that smoking leads to cerebral vasospasm, which makes blood coagulation easier. Smokers are twice as likely to have a stroke as nonsmokers.

Laryngeal smoking can cause laryngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer patients are mostly male. Otolaryngology experts found that most smokers have hoarseness, which may be related to tar in smoke.

Studies on the heart and blood vessels have found that smoking will increase the viscosity of platelets in the blood, making it easier for blood to coagulate, thus easily forming thrombus in the coronary artery. At the same time, smoking will also increase the low-density cholesterol in the blood, making it easy for fatty substances to deposit in blood vessels and form coronary atherosclerosis. If the coronary artery hardens, its lumen will become thinner. Once the blood coagulates inside, the artery will be blocked. At this time, oxygen can not be sent to this part of the myocardium, and myocardial cells will fail and die due to lack of oxygen. This is a myocardial infarction. Local myocardial infarction can cause angina pectoris, while large-scale myocardial infarction can make people go into shock or die because of sudden cardiac arrest. This is acute myocardial infarction. Smoking will constrict blood vessels, slow down the circulation of blood and oxygen, and eventually lead to thickening of blood vessel walls, leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking will completely block the blood circulation of hands and feet, leading to amputation. Doctors advise smokers to quit smoking immediately if they have high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, heart disease or family history of heart disease, because smoking will increase your risk of myocardial infarction by dozens of times. The death rate of heart disease caused by smoking accounts for 25% of the total. The prevalence of smokers over 50 has doubled. The prevalence rate of smokers under 50 years old increased 9 times, reaching 14 times.

Smoking in the lungs can cause lung cancer. 90% of the total mortality rate is caused by smoking. The prevalence rate of a person who smokes ten cigarettes a day is ten times that of a non-smoker. Damaged cells can't return to normal. The initial symptoms will not be found until the cancer cells spread to blood vessels and other organs. Up to now, lung cancer has caused the largest number of human deaths, and early detection is almost impossible. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with lung cancer is less than 5% after 3 years and almost zero after 5 years. Doctors advise smokers to have a chest X-ray every 3 to 6 months. If there are symptoms such as dry cough, bloodshot sputum, dull pain in the chest, fever, etc., you should not take it lightly. They should go to the hospital immediately for sputum exfoliated cells examination. Only in this way can the possibility of early detection of lung cancer be increased. Smoking can also cause emphysema, and toxic substances accumulated in the bronchi of the lungs will hinder the normal exhalation of the air inhaled by the human body, causing lung cells to expand or burst, resulting in difficulty breathing. The patient with severe emphysema is in great pain. In order to inhale enough oxygen, they have to stand up and gasp at high frequency. Even on the flat ground, they should walk slowly. Some more serious patients have to rely on oxygen bags to keep alive. In their life, they must concentrate all their efforts on one simple action-breathing. Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive tracheal disease. Because smoking can cause the cilia of bronchial epithelial cells to become shorter and irregular, cause dyskinesia, reduce local resistance and be susceptible to infection. Some doctors think that compared with emphysema, lung cancer should be regarded as a very kind disease, because it makes people suffer for a much shorter time. For people with gastrointestinal diseases, smoking is enough to make them worse. People with gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer will slow down the healing of ulcer and even become chronic diseases. Smoking can stimulate the nervous system, accelerate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, make the gastrointestinal tract often tense, and lead to the loss of appetite of smokers. In addition, nicotine can also contract gastrointestinal mucosal blood vessels and reduce appetite.

Bone smokers have a longer fracture recovery period than non-smokers. It may be that nicotine and carbon monoxide contained in public service advertisements for smoking bans in cigarette stations slow down the progress of bone regeneration. Nicotine constricts blood vessels and reduces blood flow to new bones. The carbon monoxide inhaled during smoking also reduces the speed at which oxygen enters the body. Smoking can lead to osteitis and back pain. Smoking more than ten cigarettes a day will double the prevalence of periostitis. Most people with severe back pain are addicted to smoking, because smoking will reduce the blood flow of the articular disc and the articular disc will degenerate early. Smoking can lead to arthritis. Smoking a pack of cigarettes a day will increase the prevalence rate by 50%. Female smokers are more likely to suffer from fractures and arthropathy after menopause. Smoking will lead to faster bone loss. Women smoke a pack of cigarettes every day from adolescence to menopause, and their bones are 5% to 10% less than those of non-smokers. When smokers enter menopause, the bone loss rate is faster. Smoking can interfere with estrogen, which is an important hormone in bone development. Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive tracheal disease.

Smoking in the liver will increase the burden on the liver. Regular smoking will affect the lipid metabolism of the liver, increase blood lipid, decrease benign cholesterol and increase malignant cholesterol. This has caused the burden of detoxification function of the liver to increase.

Intestinal smoking can lead to colon cancer. The risk of this kind of cancer is directly proportional to the amount of smoking. Research shows that although quitting smoking can reduce the risk of other diseases such as heart disease and lung cancer, the risk of colon cancer is still high.

Eye smoking can lead to cataracts and affect vision. Research shows that there are twice as many cataract patients who smoke more than one pack a day as those who never smoke.