Mori Erwai's "うたかたの记"と「ふみづかひ」のあらすじをまとめていただけませんでしょうか

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1862～1922)

Japanese novelist, critic, and translator.

My real name is Taro Morinori, his nickname is Ogai, and I am also known as the owner of the Tide Watching Tower and Ogai Fishing History. Born on July 9, 1862 in Iwami (today's Shimane Prefecture), Shikatsu County, Japan, into a family of a feudal lord serving as a doctor. He received a good education in Chinese studies, Chinese studies and orchid studies (Western academics introduced to Japan from the Netherlands after the mid-Edo period) since childhood. Graduated from Tokyo Daiichi University Medical School in 1882 and served as an army doctor. In 1884, he went to Germany to study and extensively read European ancient and modern classics. He was deeply influenced by the idealism of Schopenhauer and Hartmann. Hartmann's aesthetic thoughts became the theoretical basis for his later literary creation. He returned to China in 1888 and served successively as instructor, principal of the military medical school, director of Army Medical Department, and Medical Director of the Army Province. In his later years, he served as director of the Imperial Museum and director of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. Died on January 19, 1922.

Ogai Mori returned from studying abroad and began literary activities as an enlightener. He translated the works of famous Western writers Goethe, Lessing, Ibsen and others. At the same time, he founded literary journals such as "Grass Paper", introduced Western aesthetic theories, carried out literary criticism, and devoted himself to drama improvement and poetry innovation activities. He played a very important role in modern Japan in modern times. It has had a great influence in literature. His debut novel "Dancing Girl" published in 1890, together with his "Bubble" and "The Messenger", are considered to be the pioneers of Japanese romantic literature. The protagonist of "Dancer" is a young Japanese official who studied in Germany. In pursuit of individual liberation and pure love, he once fell in love with a poor German dancer, but under the pressure of Japan's authoritarian bureaucracy and feudal morality, he finally abandoned her. Leading to love tragedy. The work reflects the contradiction between the requirements for individual liberation and social reality, but ultimately compromises with reality. It is generally considered to be a representative work of early modern Japanese literature.

Around 1910, Ogai Mori wrote novels based on modern life such as "Youth" and "Wild Geese". "Wild Geese" is a work with high artistic achievement created by the author during this period. It describes a poor girl who became the mistress of a loan shark during the Meiji period. She longed to get rid of this humiliating situation and secretly fell in love with a man who passed by her door every day. A college student, but due to an accidental reason, she lost the opportunity to express her love, and her efforts to pursue happiness finally came to nothing. The author writes with sympathy about the misfortune of an ordinary woman, but attributes this misfortune to an accidental prank, and finally uses a goose that happened to be killed by a flying stone to symbolize her fate. Japanese critics believe that the work's psychological portrayal is delicate and the characters and scenes are realistically described.

In 1910, the Japanese government created the so-called "Great Rebellion" and strengthened its autocratic rule over the ideological and cultural circles. Mori Ogai began to turn to the creation of historical novels. He divides his historical novels into two categories: "according to history" and "deviating from history". The former is written entirely based on historical data, while the latter uses descriptions of historical events to express the author's ideals and beliefs. The first historical novel, "The Suicide Note of Kotsuya Goemon", praises the samurai's act of sacrificing his life. However, the short story "The Abe Family" with the same theme that was written immediately afterwards objectively criticized this feudal moral behavior. The Abe family was discriminated against because they were not allowed to die for the feudal lord, and eventually the whole family was killed, which revealed the hypocrisy, decadence and inhumanity of the feudal death system. These two works with different tendencies reflect the contradictions in the author's worldview. The short story "Takase Fue" belongs to the category of historical novels that the author calls "detached from history". The work is about a prisoner talking about his experience on a prison ship. His younger brother was tortured by poverty and illness and committed suicide. He helped his younger brother end his life at his younger brother's plea, and was therefore sentenced to exile. He believed that the life of a prisoner was superior to his original situation, so he took it calmly, which further revealed the miserable life of the people at the bottom of society during the feudal shogunate period.

In his later years, the author devoted himself to the research of historical materials, and also wrote several biographies, such as "Shijiang Shuzhai" and so on. Most of the characters mentioned are scholars who concentrate on academics and are not interested in worldly affairs, which reflects the author's attempt to get rid of the secular state of mind in his later years.

Mori Ogai's works focus on reflecting his ethics and morals, reflecting the ideological contradictions of the upper-class intellectuals during the Meiji period. The early works are beautifully written and full of lyrical atmosphere. Most of his later works, especially historical novels, tend to adopt a cold and objective tone.

Japanese writer, critic, and translator. His real name is Mori Taro, and his nickname is Ogai Yushi. He was born on January 19, 1862 in Tsuwano Town, Iwami (today's Shimane Prefecture) into a family where the feudal lord served as a doctor. He died on January 19, 1922. He studied Chinese studies at a young age. The boy went to Tokyo with his father to study German, and was later admitted to the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tokyo. After graduating in 1881, he served as a military surgeon in the War Department. In 1884, he was sent to study in Germany by the War Department. During the four years of studying abroad, I was exposed to a large number of Western classical literary works and studied Hartmann's philosophical and aesthetic works. At the beginning of his return to China, he founded the review magazine "Zhacao Paper", published a collection of translated poems "Shadow", and successively published a trilogy of life in Germany: "The Dancer", "Bubbles", and "The Messenger". These three works are known as the pioneers of fresh romantic literature. "La Dancing Girl" uses a lyrical style to describe the unfortunate love affair between a Japanese young man studying in Berlin and a German dancing girl. It reflects the contradiction between individual liberation, free love and social reality, and the helplessness of the awakened soul who has to succumb to reality. . This work is generally considered to be Mori Ogai's masterpiece and a representative work of Japanese romantic literature. In 1899, Ogai Mori moved to Kokura and served as the military medical director. He temporarily suspended his writing, but continued to translate Andersen's autobiographical novel "The Improvisational Poet". In 1907, he was promoted to military medical director and medical director of the War Department. In 1909, the rise of naturalism in Japanese literary circles and the active creation of Natsume Soseki aroused Mori Ogai's creative desire. He soon wrote a number of modern works such as "Half Day", "Sexual Life", "Youth" and "Wild Geese". Among the novels, the most successful one is "The Wild Goose". The work uses a wild goose hit by a flying stone to symbolize the tragic fate of the heroine, implying that the heroine, who is the mistress of a loan shark, is unwilling to accept her humiliating status and yearns for free and beautiful love. , but there will never be a result between her and her beloved medical student, and the hope of love can only be a beautiful phantom.

After 1910, Mori Ogai turned his writing to historical novels. The historical novel "The Suicide Note of Katsuya Goemon" written in 1912 was published, and the following year he wrote "The Abe Family". Both works used the theme of samurai's sacrifice to death, but the former praised the act of sacrificial death, while the latter used Abe's The tragic experience of being executed for failing to die for the feudal lord negated the system of death. "Takase Fune", created in 1916, takes the Tokugawa era as the historical background, explores the issues of contentment and euthanasia, and objectively shows the miserable situation of the lower class people during the shogunate period. In his later years, Mori Ogai mainly devoted himself to the writing of historical novels, and his works include "Shibue Shozai" and so on.

Ogai Mori is a pioneer of modern Japanese literature. His contributions in novels, reviews, and translations have influenced generations of new writers.

Ogai Mori (1862-1922) wrote the book "Stories Found in the Cold Mountains" when he was 54 years old. He once wrote an article mentioning the motivation for writing this book. His children could not read the Chinese version of "Hanshan Shide", but they wanted to know more about them, so he did his best. In fact, the root cause may be that the poem "What I Found in the Cold Mountain" was very popular at the time and was known to both young and old. Since many of the poems in "Hanshan Shide" elaborate on Zen principles, Japanese Zen monks not only recited them, but also studied and annotated them. Linji Sect still advocates this style, and Bai Yin's "Hanshan Shi Shanti Ji Wen" has become a model for study. Han Shan's poems have been printed in various dynasties in China. The popular "Preface to the Collection of Poems by Han Shan Zi" is an important basis for understanding Han Shan's life. Volume 55 of "Taiping Guangji" contains an article "Hanshanzi", which records his brief life.

The description actually comes from the Taoist work "Xianzhuan Supplements" written after Xiantong of the Tang Dynasty (860-874) and before the Taiping period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1021-1031). , Hanshan Temple had contact. Since then, "Collected Poems of Han Shanzi" has become a Buddhist classic. After being imported into Japan, it has been as widely praised as "Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty". Hanshan's poems are easy to understand and full of Zen Buddhist philosophy. For example: "I was a great fool in my lifetime. I didn't realize it today. I am so poor today because I always did it while I was alive. If I don't cultivate in this life, I will be the same in the next life. There are no boats on both sides of the bank, and it is difficult to cross." Another poem: "To know the oath of life and death." "Compare ice to water. When water freezes, it turns into ice. When ice melts, it turns into water. If you die, you will be born again. If you are born, you will be reborn. Ice and water do not hurt each other. Life and death are both beautiful." Mori Ogai also compared himself to. No one comes to worship Manjushri Bodhisattva (it is said that Hanshan is the incarnation of Manjushri Bodhisattva). This half-true joke not only shows his understanding of Hanshan, but also shows that he also has the heart of a Bodhisattva and "if he wants to live in peace, Hanshan "It can be preserved for a long time." I admire the thought of Buddhism.

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