Introduction to Han Yu, introduction to Han Yu

Brief introduction and personal data of Han Yu

Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was renamed Changli, so he was called Han Changli and posthumous title Wengong, so he was called Han Wengong, a native of Heyang (now Mengzhou, Henan) in the Tang Dynasty, and his ancestral home was Dengzhou. He is one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Self-proclaimed county looks Changli, known as Han Changli in the world (the word "county looks" is a combination of "county" and "hope". "County" is an administrative division, "Wang" is an aristocratic family, and the combination of "County King" refers to the aristocratic family within a certain region and country. And Han Yu lives in Changli, so he is also called Han Changli. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Liu Zongyuan and Liu Zongyuan are both advocates of the ancient prose movement, so they are also called Liu Han, and they are also called "great writers" and "scholars of one hundred generations". They put forward the idea of "the unity of literature and Taoism" and opposed the trend of parallel prose since the Six Dynasties. He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc. It has the reputation of "the decline of eight generations".

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Su Shi, an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, called him "the decline of eight generations" in the Song Dynasty. ), the Ming people praised him as the first of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and called him "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Du Mu, together with Han and Du Fu, is called "Du Bi" and is known as "a great writer of articles" and "a hundred generations of literators". He is the author of 40 volumes of Han Changli's Collected Works, Foreign Collected Works 10, Teachers' Comments, etc.

At the age of 25, he entered the official career at the age of 29, but he suffered many setbacks in his fame and career.

In the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), Dezong was demoted to Yangshan County (now Yangshan County, Guangdong Province). In the first year of Shunzong Yongzhen (AD 805), he moved to Jiangling County to join the army.

On his way to his post, he paid a special visit to Du Fu's mausoleum from Chen Jing Leiyang to Heng, and made a long poem "The Tomb of Du Gongbu" as a token of his condolences. He was the first to realize the value of Du Fu's poems.

He and Zou Ruhui, the secretariat of Hengzhou, gathered in Hejiang Pavilion in Shigushan, leaving 20 rhymes of ancient poems. The whole poem, Zou Jun, is named "The Stab of Hejiang Pavilion", with 200 words, one rhyme to the end, one breath, sonorous tone and magnificent momentum. It is a masterpiece of chanting the stone drum in the past dynasties since the Tang Dynasty, and it is also highly praised by later scholars, and many people sing it with its rhyme. In particular, the phrase "overlooking the infinity, green and clean" has become a famous sentence widely read by later generations. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1587 ~ 1598), Li Shizhen, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu and Jason were hired to pay homage to the Seven Sages Hall of Shigu Academy, which was known as the Seven Sages of Shigu in the World.

Climbing Zhurong Peak, "Han Yu Kai Yun" is a legendary story of Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue for thousands of years, and literati in past dynasties also sang about "Kai Yun".

He was also the first scholar to chant Wang Yu tablet. In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen called his poem "The Mountain of the Mountain" "Is it a tribute under the stone drum?"

Therefore, the four major events have become the most influential and greatest writers in Hengyang's human history.

(According to Hengyang Dictionary of Hunan Cultural Celebrities, edited by Gan Jianhua and produced by Erya Culture)

learning process

Han Yu lost his father at the age of three and was raised by his brother Han Hui and his sister-in-law. Han Hui can write articles, which has an influence on Han Yu. In his early years, he was displaced and had the ambition to study. Although he is lonely and poor, he studies hard. In the second year of Zhenyuan (786), 19-year-old Han Yu went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi exam, and failed three times. It was not until the fourth examination in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792) that he was admitted to Jinshi. Since then, I have participated in the three consecutive examinations of the learned and versatile Ci in the official department, all of which failed. It was not until he was 29 years old that he got a small official position in the Jin Dong shogunate in Bianzhou, and then returned to Beijing as a doctor in four schools. At the age of 36, he was appointed as an imperial inspector. Soon, he was demoted to Yangshan county magistrate because he wrote a letter about drought and hunger, please reduce taxes. Xian zong returned to the north as a doctor of the country, tired of being an official for the right illegitimate son of the prince, but failed. Since then, until the age of 50, the official position has been ups and downs. In the 12th year of Yuanhe, 50-year-old Han Yu showed his ability to deal with military affairs because of his participation in pacifying the war of Yuanji in Huaixi. He was transferred to the position of assistant minister of the official department and entered the upper ruling group of the imperial court. However, two years later, he angered Xianzong because of admonishing Buddha bones, and was almost executed by Xianzong. Thanks to the rescue of Pei Du and other ministers, he was saved from death and was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou (now Guangdong). After eight months in Chaozhou, the eunuch killed Xian Zong, established Mu Zong, and Han Yu was recalled to North Korea. Later, he became an official, the official family, the assistant minister of the Ministry of War, the assistant minister of the official department, and Beijing, and made great achievements in politics. In the fourth year of Changqing (824), he died in Chang 'an at the age of 57.

The origin of "word"

Han Wengong's name has changed more and more. Speaking of this harmony word, there is a much-told story. Han Yu's parents died early and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law since childhood. In a blink of an eye, it's school age. Sister Zheng wants to give her brother a beautiful and elegant scientific name. On this day, Zheng opened the book year, choosing a word on the left was too bad, and choosing a word on the right was too vulgar. Half an hour later, he still didn't choose a suitable scientific name for his brother. Han Yu stood watching. Seeing that it was difficult for my sister-in-law to name him, she asked, "Sister-in-law, what are you going to name me?" Zheng Dao: Your brother's name is Hui and your second brother's name is Jie. Hui and Jie are both herringbone heads, which symbolizes that they both want to be the leaders of the group. Hui is gathering, and Jie is honest. They all mean well. The scientific name of the third brother should also be based on personal character, and its meaning should be more delicate. Hearing this, Han Yu immediately said, "Sister-in-law, you don't need to turn over the words. This man is a character. " Hearing this, Zheng quickly closed the book and asked his younger brother, "What are the benefits of more words?" Han Yudao "The more, the more. When I grow up, I must do something great. I will surpass the ancients and never be a mediocre person. " Hearing this, the eldest sister-in-law clapped her hands and shouted, "Good! All right! You really know how to name, what a word' Yu'! " How can Han Yu give himself such a beautiful and elegant name? It turns out that he has been smart since he was a child and has read many classics. He has been literate since he was three years old and can remember thousands of words every day. Before he was seven years old, he had finished reading the works of various philosophers. That extraordinary talent and cultural accomplishment made him ambitious early, and the word "Yu" was revealed by his teenage mind. When he was nineteen, he was already a brilliant young man. This year coincides with the opening of the imperial examination. Zheng packed his bags and sent him to Beijing to take the exam. When he arrived in Beijing, he only cared about himself, thinking that he would win the prize when he entered the city, and never took his companions seriously. As a result, others were admitted, but he failed in Sun Shan. Later, I lived in Beijing for several years in a row, took the exam four times in a row, and finally got the thirteenth place. After that, I entered the palace three times in a row and didn't get an official position. Because the money had been spent, he moved from Kyoto to Luoyang and asked his friends for help. In Luoyang, a friend was engaged to Miss Lu, who was both talented and charming. Teacher Lu's father joined the army in Henan, which is very promising. Han Yu lives in his house and is going to marry Miss Lu some other day. Teacher Lu is lively and frank. On the one hand, she admires Han Lang's talent; on the other hand, she worries about Han Lang's pride. She has thought many times that it is time to persuade Lang Jun to do something in the future, but how to persuade him? After dinner that day, the two chatted about poems and songs. During the conversation, Han Yu mentioned his frustration in seeking an official position in recent years. Miss Lu said kindly, "Xianggong doesn't have to worry about this anymore. Frustration in the examination room is a long-term thing. My father always praises my knowledge and sincerity. I think you will do something in the future, but this field has suffered many setbacks and must have its own shortcomings. Now it's time to find out why. " Han Yu nodded frequently after hearing this, saying to himself that Miss Lu was very insightful, and then said, "What Miss Lu said is very reasonable. As the saying goes, you can't see the black on your face. Please give us your advice. " Miss Lu laughed and said, "You are really a smart man!" Immediately, he spread out a piece of paper and wrote: People seek truth, fire seeks guilty conscience, and if they want to achieve great things, they must retreat first. Han Yu held a message and thought for a moment: this is the dirty words of miss! Since ancient times, pride goes before a fall. What I lack is modesty. The word "more" is evidence. So, he immediately chose the last two words in Teacher Lu's message: quit and give himself a new name.

political propaganda

Han Yu advocated the unification of the world politically and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer regions. When I was in Tang Xianzong, I worked with Pei Du to quell the rebellion in Huaixi buffer region. He and Liu Zongyuan have different political views, but this does not affect their joint advocacy of the ancient prose movement. They oppose excessive pursuit of formal parallel prose, advocate prose and emphasize the importance of article content. Han Yu, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", was once demoted to Chaozhou for giving advice to Buddhist bones. Later, due to good governance, he moved the capital to Yuanzhou, that is, Yichun, Jiangxi, and secretariat Yuanzhou. During his tenure in Yuanzhou, Han Yu made outstanding achievements and cultivated the first scholar in Jiangxi Province at that time. Now there is a sandbar in Jiangxiu, Yichun, called Zhuangyuanzhou. Legend is the place where students studied in those days. The highest mountain in Yichun City has Zhuangyuan Building and Changli Road in Yichun City, all to commemorate Han Yu's special achievements.

Han Yu was a famous essayist and an important poet in Tang Dynasty. His poems strive to be novel, bold and magnificent. The poetic circles in the Han Yu era have begun to break through the narrow world of Dali poets. Han Yu initiated a new school of poetry. He is good at driving the majestic momentum with strong brushwork, mixed with fantastic and strange flavor, and endowing poetry with rich and magnificent colors, making it spectacular. In addition, Korean poetry has the characteristics of "taking literature as poetry" in art, which has a great influence on later generations. Of course, there are also game words in Korean poetry that pursue grotesque and treacherous, which are not worth taking. He is the author of The Collection of Han Changli, The Collection of Foreign Countries, Shi Shuo, etc.

Educational thought

Han Yu's political thoughts and world outlook are complicated. Politically, he advocated benevolent government, opposed the exploitation of officials and people, and asked the court to forgive taxes and corvees, which showed that he cared about the fate of the country and the sufferings of people's livelihood, which was one of the progressive aspects of his political thought. He enthusiastically advocated Confucian orthodoxy, which was in line with his political thought. But he also preached the feudal ethics in Confucianism and maintained the feudal system, which was of course wrong. Of course, we can't ask the ancients to go beyond history and have our current thoughts. At the same time, we should also see that there are still contradictions in Han Yu's thought. He tried to maintain "orthodoxy", but he often destroyed it unconsciously. In the preface to seeing off Meng Dongye, he put forward the realistic and combative viewpoint that "everything can't be settled before it rings". This thought had a prominent and very important influence on his prose achievements. Literary achievements

Literary creation theory

In the theory of literary creation, he believes that Tao (that is, benevolence and righteousness) is the purpose and content, and literature is the means and form, emphasizing that literature carries Tao, literature and Taoism are integrated, and Tao is the main one. He advocated the study of ancient Chinese prose in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties and obtained the works of Zhuang Zhou, Qu Yuan, Sima Qian, Sima Xiangru and Yang Xiong. It advocates that the past should not be forgotten, and that the future should be a teacher, innovating on the basis of inheritance, and that "words must come out" and "words must be done". Pay attention to the writer's moral cultivation, and put forward the theory of nourishing qi, "If qi is strong, short words and high voices are appropriate" (answer to Li Yishu). Put forward the argument that "injustice makes noise". It is believed that the author's injustice to reality is the reason for deepening his works. In the style of his works, he emphasizes "strangeness" and takes strangeness as good.

Han Yu is listed as the first of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", and is mentioned with Du Fu, and is known as "Du Fu's Poems of North Korea".

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