Feng Menglong's Original _ Translation and Appreciation

Feng Menglong (1574- 1646) was a writer and dramatist in the Ming Dynasty. Words are still dragons, words are still children. Ming Reng Long, owner of Mohanzhai, three ancient songs, slave of Wuxia Ci, slave of Gusu Ci, known as Zhu in the former Zhou Dynasty in history. Han nationality, a native of Changzhou County (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province), came from a scholar-bureaucrat family. My brother dreamed of laurel trees and was good at drawing. Brother Meng Xiong, a big disciple, studied under Feng Menglong's Spring and Autumn Annals, and there are poems handed down from generation to generation. The three brothers are also called "Wuxia Sanfeng". Feng Menglong's Life Feng Menglong was born in the second year of Wanli in the late Ming Dynasty (1574) and died in 1646. When he was born, he was born in the western part of the world during the Renaissance, echoing it from afar. In our big eastern country with thousands of years of civilization, there are also many deviant thinkers and artists. Li Zhuowu, Tang Xianzu, Yuan Hongdao and many other literati wrote brilliant chapters in the history of China's thought and literature with their shocking opinions, distinctive personality characteristics and outstanding artistic achievements. Wang Longwu of the Tang Dynasty in the Southern Ming Dynasty was two years old, that is, Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty was three years old, at the age of 73. Around this year, many successful writers appeared, such as Ling Mengchu (1644), Hou Tongzeng, Huang Daozhou, Wu, Xia, Qi Biaojia, Liu (1645), Ruan Dalong and Wang Siren (65438+). A Chinese Renaissance in the embryonic stage of capitalism died under the iron hoof of foreign invasion.

Feng Menglong was born in Changzhou (now Suzhou), Wuxian County, Suzhou Prefecture, South Zhili. Born in 1574 (the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), he was born in a noble family. His elder brother (Feng Menggui) and his elder brother (Feng Mengxiong) are called "Wu Xia San Shi". My brother Meng Gui is a painter and my brother Meng Xiong is a student. His works have been passed down to this day. In addition to writing poems, Feng Menglong mainly writes historical novels and romantic novels. His own poetry collection no longer exists, but fortunately, 30 works compiled by him have been handed down from generation to generation, leaving a group of immortal treasures for China's cultural treasure house. Besides Sanyan, which is widely known, there are New Biography, Supplementary Biography of Three Demons in Suiping, Romance of Ancient and Modern Heroines, Guangxiao Fu, Think Tank, Summary of Ancient and Modern Notes, Love History, Legend of Mo Hanzhai, etc., and there are many explanations and histories.

There are so many works in his life, which are closely related to his own interests and talents as well as his life experiences.

Feng Menglong studied hard since childhood. In his childhood and youth, like many scholars in feudal society, he devoted himself to reading classics and history for the imperial examination. He once recalled in "Fa Fan" in the book "The Covenant of Lin Jing": "I was educated in my childhood, and everyone asked me, and the secrets of the four sides were sparse; After 20 years of painstaking efforts, I have learned more. " Wang Ting, a long-lost friend, said: "For thousands of years, the history of 2 1 century has been turned over." However, his road to the imperial examination was very bumpy, and he repeatedly failed. Later, he wrote a book at home. He fell madly in love with a geisha named Hou Huiqing and frequently contacted the life of Suzhou teahouse and restaurant, which provided first-hand information for him to be familiar with folk literature. His collection of folk songs "Guizhi Er" and "Folk Songs" was created at that time.

It was not until the third year of Chongzhen (1630) that he was recruited as Gong Sheng at the age of 57. The following year, an exception was made, and Dantu was granted. In the seventh year (1634), he was promoted to Shouning County, Fujian Province. I returned to my hometown four years later.

When the world situation was turbulent and the Qing soldiers went south, he not only actively promoted the anti-Qing, but also published a book "Zhongxing Lulve", and personally ran the anti-Qing cause at the age of 70. Feng Menglong is a patriot. When Chongzhen was appointed as the magistrate of Shouning County in 1999, he stated the reasons for the decline of the country. In the third year of Qing Shunzhi (1646), Chun died of grief and was killed by Qing soldiers.

Influenced by Li Zhuowu, Feng Menglong dared to break through the traditional ideas. He put forward: "Secular knowledge of reason is a model of emotion, who knows that reason is the dimension of reason?" ("Love History" Volume I "General Comment") emphasizes sincere feelings and opposes hypocritical ethics.

In literature, he attaches great importance to the sincere feelings and great enlightenment contained in popular literature. He believes that popular literature is "the voice of folk temperament", "the natural text between heaven and earth" and the expression of true feelings. In "Folk Songs", he put forward the literary proposition of "developing famous counterfeit drugs through the true feelings of men and women", which showed the characteristics of the times of breaking through the shackles of ethics and pursuing individual liberation. He attaches great importance to the educational function of popular literature. In Preface to Ancient and Modern Novels, he thinks that "reciting the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius every day is not necessarily so quick and profound", and popular novels can make "the fearful people brave, the immoral people loyal, the thin people depressed, and the stubborn people sweating". These views are a powerful blow to the contempt for popular literature.

Throughout his life, although he had the ambition to govern the country, he did not want to be bound by feudal morality. His admiration for Li Zhuowu, who dared to advocate chaos and mislead people, his hanging out with the singer, and his love for slang novels were all considered immoral, unruly and intolerable by Neo-Confucianism. As a result, he had to sink into the lower class for a long time, or work with his tongue to support his apprentice, or as an editor of a calligrapher to support his family.

Advocates of literary thought

Based on Feng Menglong's novel creation, his literary thoughts mainly include the following three points.

First, Feng Menglong advocated "true feelings" in literature. He attached great importance to emotion, thinking that emotion is the most precious thing in interpersonal communication, and even proposed to set up an "emotional education" to replace other religions. He once boasted that "Zi is still full of songs and has no literary talent, but only one word is extraordinary and true." (Comment on "You Huai"), and in "Syrian Folk Songs", it is said that folk songs "teach fake drugs by borrowing the true feelings of men and women". In the novel, he said in the preface to the warning that the novel should be "true and reasonable, that is, false and reasonable are true." In his criticism of novels, we can often see "unique and sad narratives such as truth", "vivid words", "realistic style" and "truth". True feelings, truth and truth are repeatedly mentioned by Feng Menglong in various literary forms, which are the general goals he pursues and have high theoretical value.

Second, although he is not opposed to classical Chinese novels, his love history has a lot of classical Chinese works, but he emphasizes the popularity of literary works, which are easy to understand and have strong artistic appeal. In the preface to ancient and modern novels, he said:

Generally speaking, Tang people chose words to enter the heart of the text; Song people are popular and harmonious. There are few words in the world, so novels are endowed with fewer words and more popularity. Try to let the speaker describe it on the spot, with joy, sadness and tears, and be good at singing and dancing; If you want to grasp the knife again, you must worship, you must make a decision, and you must donate money; People who are afraid are brave, immoral people are virtuous, thin people are depressed, and stubborn people sweat. Although the Book of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius are recited, they are not necessarily so touching and profound. Hey, are you not popular but capable?

The preface to "Awakening the World" says: "If you don't touch your ears enough, you can understand it with reason, and the disease is difficult. Modifying the text will hurt the algae painting." Here, "Wen Xin" refers to the works of literati, and "Li Er" refers to the feelings of ordinary people in Luxiang. Only popular works can be appreciated by ordinary people.

Thirdly, Feng Menglong advocates that literature has the function of education, and the content of social education should be combined with easy-to-understand forms. In the preface to The Story of a Warning World, he gave an example: When children in Li Xiang were listening to The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, they were influenced by the characters in the novel:

Middle-aged children in the room create their fingers instead of hurting or blaming them. He said: "I have heard about the history of the Three Kingdoms from the Xuanmiao Temple. Guan Yunchang curetted bones to cure poison, laughing nonstop. Why should I suffer? "

This example vividly shows that the great influence of popular novels is really beyond the reach of books such as Xiao Jing and Analects of Confucius. Therefore, Feng Menglong hopes to achieve the goal of enlightenment through these popular works. "Sanyan" is his practice, and he explained the naming of "Sanyan":

A wise man can guide fools by taking them away; Pass on, take it as appropriate; Perseverance and perseverance can last for a long time. Three carved unique names mean one ear. (Preface to Awaken the World)

Obviously, the purpose of this set of books is to "guide fools", "adapt to customs" and "enjoy it without fatigue, but it will last for a long time"

Shuoyuan

Feng Menglong's thoughts were deeply influenced by Ming philosophers Li Zhuowu and Wang Yangming.

According to Xu Zichang's Biography of Zhai Zhai in the Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong was "happy with Li Zhixue and regarded as a talented person". Together with Yuan, he supplemented, sorted out and published Water Margin. Many books compiled and revised by Feng Menglong, such as Love History, Think Tank, Tanlue of Ancient and Modern Times, Notes of Taiping Guang Ji, all quoted Li Zhi's remarks, and most of them gave positive comments. Li Zhi's most shocking thought is his contempt and denial of Confucius and his Six Classics. He said, "The Six Classics of Fu, Yu and Meng are not praised by their historians, but by their officials. Otherwise, his pedantic and ignorant disciples, the memory teacher said that there is a head and no tail, leaving behind what they saw before, and the pen is in the book. " The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Six Classics, regarded as classics by the ruling classes of past dynasties, are by no means the ultimate theory throughout the ages, but "the truth of Taoism is the source of dummies." (Childlike Heart) Li Zhuowu resolutely opposes Confucius' remarks as the criterion for judging right and wrong. Han, Tang and Song Dynasties "Those who have lived alone for thousands of years have no right and wrong, so they have no right and wrong ears." With the courage and sharp brushwork of thinkers, he stripped off the sacred coat of Confucius, untied the classics of Six Classics, Yu and Meng, and revealed their common side. In Feng Menglong's works, there is also ridicule and denial of Confucius and his Six Classics. He wrote in the Preface to Laughing at the Mansion: "Laugh at Confucius again, how many living people have you killed for no reason." Putting forward the view that Confucius and Taoism kill people is as radical as Li Zhi. After Liu Xianzhi's twenty-six articles in Taiping Guang Ji Chao, Feng Menglong commented: "Who knows how little it is for thousands of years without making six classics?" Treat the Six Classics as a dispensable classic. Li Zhuowu systematically expounded his view on women's issues in his book Answering Women's Learning. He said: "It is ok to say that people have men and women, but it is not possible to say that there are men and women." It means that women's views are as short as men's views are as long as you can see them. How can it be? And spoke highly of women who have made achievements in history. Like Li Zhuowu, Feng Menglong also affirmed the wisdom of women. The album "Boudoir Intelligence Department" in "Think Tank" is a book commending talented women in ancient and modern times. "boudoir? Tessa's general comment said: "As the saying goes,' women are smarter than men'." Even if it is invincible, it is out of reach. "It's similar to what Li Zhi said that men and women have no difference in length.

Li Zhuowu's literary view has a great influence on Feng Menglong. Li Zhi's most fundamental literary proposition is "childlike innocence". He said: "People who are childlike are sincere. If childlike innocence is indispensable, so is sincerity. A child's heart is absolutely false and naive, and it is also the beginning of the first reading. ..... Nothing in the world is not out of childlike innocence. " In Li Zhuowu's view, the best literary works in the world are the expression of the writer's true feelings. Li Zhi thinks that the outstanding works that really come from "childlike innocence" are popular literature and traditional Chinese opera novels. In A Child's Heart, he promoted The West Chamber and The Water Margin as "the best works in the world". Feng Menglong believes that literature is the expression of a writer's temperament. He said: "A person who is good at writing and achieves his temperament is nothing like a poem. A person who can inspire people with 300 articles is justified, because it stems from his feelings. " Feng Menglong's "temperament" mainly refers to emotion, and he also often uses "neutral feelings", "sincere feelings" and "true feelings". Feng Menglong's admiration for popular literature is no less than Li Zhi's. He said: "Today, although it is entrusted to the world, there are fake poems and no fake folk songs." (Xu) and personally collected and sorted out folk songs such as Hang Zhier and Shan Ge. He called The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and Jin Ping Mei "four wonders in the room". He has compiled a large number of popular literary works, including the classic Sanyan.

Wang Yangming was a leading thinker in the Ming Dynasty, and Feng Menglong admired his theory. In his later years, he wrote a biographical novel "Mr. Wang Yangming, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty, was born in Beijing", and commented on Yangming's mind: "That is, it has always been noted. Only Mr. Jie's conscience is religion, which directly supports the hearts of thousands of sages in Qian Qian and opens the way for future generations to further study. ..... Therefore, the national Taoist public opinion must take Mr. Yang Ming first. " Wang Yangming, who lived in the middle of the Ming Dynasty, witnessed the squalor of reality with his own eyes and was saddened by it. A strong sense of social responsibility drove him to save the world with his own wisdom and achieved the situation of ruling the world. He said: "Servants sincerely rely on the spirit of heaven, and occasionally get it in the study of conscience, thinking that it will be ruled by this, and then the world will get it." It is because every time I miss people drowning, I feel sad, forget my evil deeds, think about saving them, and don't know the amount. "Wang Yangming put forward the theory of' conscience', hoping to awaken people's conscience and change the social status quo. Feng Menglong is also a writer with a great sense of social responsibility. Living at the bottom of society for a long time, he has a clearer view of its ugly side. He wrote in "Awakening the World": "Loyalty and filial piety are awakening, and disobedience is drunkenness; Abstinence is for sobriety, while * * * is for drunkenness; The ears, eyes and mouth are awake, but they are deaf and ignorant, and they are drunk with stubborn use. "In view of the fact that there are many intoxicating people and few sober people in the world, Feng Menglong wants to awaken the world with literary creation. He said: "If the sky is not drunk, the sky will not wake up and people will wake up. Have the right to wake up the sky and people, and also have the right to wake up people and words. The word is constant and people are constant, and people are constant and the sky is constant. The blessing of permanent peace is measurable! "Feng Menglong's thought of awakening the world and Wang Yangming's thought of saving the world are interlinked. Wang Yangming's good medicine for saving the world is "conscience theory" What is "conscience"? Wang Yangming has made various explanations. He said: "Conscience is what Mencius called' the heart of right and wrong, everyone has it'. The heart of right and wrong knows without worrying, and it is called conscience without learning. " ("University Question") "Conscience is just a natural insight, just a sincere fear, which is his noumenon. Therefore, the sincerity of this conscience is filial piety, the sincerity of this conscience is filial piety, and the sincerity of this conscience is loyalty. Just a conscience, a sincere sorrow. "The' conscience' that Wang Yangming said is the heart of right and wrong, compassion, sincerity and patriotism. In fact, it is a feudal ethical concept. It is a subjective existence given by nature, and everyone has it. " Conscience "is only to strengthen one's moral cultivation, so that one's conscience will not be covered by selfish desires, and consciously and voluntarily fulfill these moral norms." Feng Menglong's thought of awakening the world is mainly feudal ethics. He said: "Six Classics, Yu and Meng are all perfect people, and they all come down to loyal ministers, dutiful sons, German shepherds, righteous husbands, virtuous women, virtuous men and good people." In other words, the novel can also play the role of the Six Classics, which can teach people to be loyal ministers, dutiful sons, righteous husbands and virtuous women, and even has a more significant educational role than the classics. Unlike Wang Yangming, Feng Menglong emphasizes the emotional function of literature, but the basic ideas they preach are the same.

In the history of philosophy in Ming Dynasty, Li Zhuowu and Wang Yangming belonged to two different ideological systems. Li Zhuowu's thought is a radical thinker with distinctive rebellious color and anti-traditional spirit. Wang Yangming, on the other hand, is an advocate and heir of traditional Confucianism, directly following the philosophical thoughts from Mencius to Lu Jiuyuan, and making a new framework and explanation from the standpoint of maintaining the rule of the Ming Dynasty. Why can two such contradictory thinkers be accepted by Feng Menglong? There are many reasons.

First of all, people's thoughts are very complicated and often have multiplicity. Engels had a very incisive exposition when evaluating the poet Goethe. He said: "In his mind, there is always a struggle between a talented poet and the cautious son of Frankfurt City Councillor and the parliamentary adviser of the honorable Weimar;" The former hates the vulgarity of the surrounding environment, while the latter has to compromise and tolerate this vulgarity. So Goethe is sometimes great and sometimes extremely small; Sometimes it is a genius who is rebellious, loves to laugh at and despises the world, and sometimes it is a mediocre person who is cautious, contented and narrow-minded. " This thesis (German socialism in poetry and prose) is instructive for us to understand Feng Menglong. Feng Menglong's thoughts are also contradictory. On the one hand, he laughed at Confucius and denounced the Six Classics. On the other hand, he studied Confucian classics carefully, and wrote books on Confucian classics, such as Lin Jing's Covenant and Chunqiu Hengku. Praise the sage Confucius for "deleting the six classics, five chapters and five religions, taking over the study of the Duke of Zhou, the study of civil and military affairs, and opening up the mind of millions of generations." This is the ancestor of the first generation of lectures after the emperor. " On the one hand, he affirmed Zhuo Wenjun's optional elopement; On the other hand, he became a virtuous woman in Shouning, thinking that he was innocent. This contradiction is the ideological basis for Feng Menglong to accept the sharp opposition between Li Zhuowu and Wang Yangming. Secondly, Feng Menglong accepted Li Zhuowu and Wang Yangming in stages. Generally speaking, it can be bounded by Feng Menglong's three years of Chongzhen. In his youth and middle age, he was greatly influenced by Li Zhuowu, and his thoughts were relatively progressive. Influenced by Wang Yangming in his later years, his thoughts tend to be conservative. Feng Menglong's major novels, operas and folk songs were almost all compiled before 1627, which means that Feng Menglong's status as a master of popular literature was established before this. Some of his progressive political thoughts and literary ideas were also formed before this. In the third year of Chongzhen, he received tribute, worked as an apprentice, and later moved to Shouning County, where he won the reputation of being an honest official because of the clean government. As a court official, he must serve to maintain his rule. Wang Yangming, who is both civil and military, has become the object of his worship and imitation, and it is reasonable to accept Wang Yangming. Thirdly, Feng Menglong was influenced by Wang Yangming to varying degrees, and was more influenced by "Li Zhixue". Feng Menglong is a writer, whose influence is mainly manifested in his literary thoughts and literary creation. Li Zhuowu is both a thinker and a literary critic. His comments on novels and operas directly influenced Feng Menglong's literary activities. Li Zhuowu's thought was influenced by Wang Yangming, and Li Zhuowu himself said, "I have been stubborn since I was a child, and I don't believe in Taoist and immortal explanations. Therefore, seeing a Taoist is evil, seeing a monk is evil, and seeing a Taoist is especially evil. ..... Unfortunately, when I was just forty years old, I was lured by my friends to tell me what Mr. Longxi said and showed me Mr. Wang's Yangming Classic. I know that a real man is immortal, but he is the same as a real Buddha. Although stubborn, I have to believe. " In fact, some of Li Zhi's incisive insights were inspired by Yangming's theory of mind. Wang Yangming said: "Fu Xuegui is in his heart, and it is wrong to seek truth from himself. Although his words came from Confucius, I dare not think they are right, but what is worse than Confucius? " What is in my heart is that although what I said is a cliche, I dare not think it is wrong, but what is it from Confucius? "This view (in Biography) is actually the forerunner of Li Zhuowu's opposition to Confucius' view of right and wrong. There is obviously a theoretical connection between Li Zhuowu's theory of childlike innocence and Wang Yangming's theory of conscience, at least in terms of everyone's innate existence. Since anti-Daoism can also be inspired by Wang Yangming of the True Daoism, it is not difficult to understand that later scholar Feng Menglong can adopt both "Li Xue" and Yangming's mind. (This article is selected from Fu Chengzhou's Study on Literati Textbooks in Ming and Qing Dynasties, People's Literature Publishing House, 2009).

As a dramatist, Feng Menglong's main activities are to modify legends, modify lyrics, and give opinions on the creation and performance of traditional operas. As for Feng Menglong's legendary works, there are only two kinds handed down from generation to generation: Tales of Two Heroes and Everything is Ready. Although they can keep the melody and make witty remarks from time to time, they are suitable for performance, but what they write lacks practical significance. Feng Menglong attached importance to the revision and revision of the music score because he saw the legendary works at that time, and the phenomenon of "people turning tricks and painting gourds at home" (Preface to the Music Law) was serious. In order to correct this shortcoming and revive it, he advocated revising the music score and formulating the music method in order to "hang the music for contemporary talents" (ibid.). At the same time, it puts forward "three methods of ci learning", emphasizing that phonological words can not be neglected. In Feng Menglong's view, an excellent script should be sincere and novel, with strict and coordinated rhymes, clear words and brilliant literary talent, and be good at both on the desk. Feng Menglong was driven by this idea and engaged in the revision of legends. There are dozens of Feng Menglong's revised works, and now there are 17, among which there are many famous works, such as Peony Pavilion, Handan Ji by Tang Xianzu, West Building Ji by Jin Yuan, A handful of snow by Li Yu, Biography of * *, Forever Reunion and Flower Picking Ji. In the process of revision, Feng Menglong emphasized that the purpose of Guan is true, natural and reasonable, highlighting the center and opposing branches and vines. What is more clear is that the "Banner" focuses on generosity, highlighting Yue's patriotism and love for the military and civilians. He also pays attention to the multi-faceted characterization of characters, making them vivid and vivid. In order to better play the role of "legend". In his revised Restaurant, he once endowed various characters with different personality characteristics. "Although a woman has an ugly chest, she is also complacent" (Preface to Restaurant). For the melody, Feng Menglong always modifies it according to the soundtrack to facilitate singing. The reason why he wants to revise the Peony Pavilion by Tang Xianzu is because he thinks that this masterpiece with unlimited talents is just a "book on the desk, not a spectrum of the scene" (preface to a romantic dream). Feng Menglong's revised Peony Pavilion is different from Tang Xianzu's original work, but it does make Kunqu opera easy to sing.

Feng Menglong's final edition has been adopted in some famous Kunqu operas, such as Spring Fragrance as a School, Dream in the Garden, Picking up Paintings and Calling them Paintings. Feng Menglong's legendary works played a positive role in correcting the tendency of writing off the stage in the late Ming Dynasty and prospering the opera.

Feng Menglong also has many exquisite theories on the performing arts of traditional Chinese opera. In the preface of Biography of Two Heroes, he suggested that "singers" must recognize the tone of the merchants in the palace, and their voices should be clear and rich, and they should not be "noisy" or "inseparable". In the more legendary eyebrow evaluation, actors are always "prompted" where is the "knot" and how to do the play; Don't omit any songs when performing. Actors are required to carefully understand the characters' thoughts and feelings, temperament and demeanor, as well as their artistic environment, performance expression and personality. This shows that Feng Menglong is deliberately exploring the laws of performing arts and has made some theoretical summaries.

Feng Menglong's Sanqu Collection "Wan Zhuan Ge" and his poetry collection "Qi Lezhai Draft" have both been lost. From the remaining dozens of works, we can see that most of his Sanqu works are "extremely imitative but not annoying". His poems are well-known. Although he is not a poet, he also has quite a few works. For example, there is a sentence in the "Cui Ke" written by the magistrate of a county, "Take green □ early rice, hang white orphans". As Zhong Xing commented: "The next sentence is even worse. The second language comes out of the mouth of the official, and there is nothing to do. " (The Return of Ming Poetry, Volume 7)

In addition, Feng Menglong also participated in the proofreading and editing of The Whole Biography of the Water Margin, and commented and sorted out Biography of Ancient and Modern Times, Tai Ping Guang Ji Chao, Think Tank, Love History and Taixia Zou Xin. There are more than ten kinds of jokes, political theories and other works handed down, and he also wrote The Covenant of Lin Jing, which studies the Spring and Autumn Annals.

Feng Menglong's Poetic Civilization contains land and land styles, which will be used in Beijing. Try to meet a good inkstone in the market, and the bargaining is undecided. When you leave the house, let the owner go, and it's easy to pay back one gold. The master returned with the inkstone, and the public was stunned by it. The master insisted that it was. Qi Huangong said, "I have a good eye for Xiangguan inkstone. Why not today? " A: "I think it is slightly convex and the road is worth building. Fortunately, there is enough money to smooth it out. " University of Technology regrets. -Feng Menglong's Yan Yan in Ming Dynasty

There were Lu Lufeng in the Ming Dynasty, so they stayed in Beijing for use. Try to meet a good inkstone in the market, and the bargaining is undecided. When you return the house, let the owner go, and a gold is easy to return. The master returned with the inkstone, and the public was stunned by it. The master insisted that it was. Qi Huangong said, "I have a good eye for Xiangguan inkstone. Why not today? " A: "I think it is slightly convex and the road is worth building. Fortunately, there is enough money to smooth it out. " University of Technology regrets. Classical Chinese in junior high school, fable story Ouyang Yezhi Ezhou, the people fought for a boat and killed people, and the prison was long. Ye came to his prison, sat in court, went to the prison where he was handcuffed, ate, ate and went back to work. If you leave a person alone in court, those who stay will be pale and worried. Ye said, "You are the murderer!" The prisoner pretended not to know. Ye said: "I think all people who eat have chopsticks in their right hand, while you have chopsticks in your left hand." Today, the deceased was injured in his right rib. Who are you? " None of the prisoners is right. -Ouyang Ye of Feng Ming Menglong solved the case.

Ouyang Ye ruled Ezhou, and the people fought for the boat to death, and the prison was long. Ye came to his prison, sat in court, went to the prison where he was handcuffed, ate, ate and went back to work. If you leave a person alone in court, those who stay will be pale and worried. Ye said, "You are the murderer!" The prisoner pretended not to know. Ye said: "I think all people who eat have chopsticks in their right hand, while you have chopsticks in your left hand." Today, the deceased was injured in his right rib. Who are you? " None of the prisoners is right. Classical Chinese in junior high school, stories praising people, are rich and have no roots, all of which are derived from hard work. Please look at the lazy and the hungry. -Ming Feng Menglong's "Awakening the World"

Wealth has no roots,

Get it from hard work.

Please pay attention to lazy people,

Looks hungry and cold. See more poems by Feng Menglong.