What's the secret behind the rise and fall of honor and disgrace in Song Dynasty?

Mr. Qian Mu once said: "In the five dynasties of Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing, Song was the poorest and weakest link, and it was also the most unsuccessful link in the political system." However, because of the enlightenment of the first four emperors who opened the dynasty, the Song Dynasty once had its own prosperous time and developed the prosperous school. There is no need to compare with other dynasties, because it is happy and civilized. Then why did the later "shame of Jingkang" happen? Let two emperors and countless family members die in humiliation? How did Song Huizong end his life after he was captured? This will be a helpless and sad story. Today, Bian Xiao wants to talk to you about how Song Huizong spent his "shame of Jingkang" after his arrest.

In the glorious Song Dynasty, politics, economy and culture were full of vitality in the early Northern Song Dynasty because of the emergence of enlightened monarchs. From the point of view at that time, social development still had unlimited potential. Politically, the emperor was gentle and did not disturb the normal life of the people; Economically, the emperor did not set too many restrictions on businessmen, nor did he stipulate that businessmen could not take exams or be officials. Because of this, the commerce in Song Dynasty was very developed, and the development of commerce promoted the progress of taxation, so the country was relatively rich.

If the Song Dynasty was weaker in economy and strength than the other four dynasties, it was definitely one of the best in science and technology. You know, three of the four great inventions in ancient times were invented in the Song Dynasty, which is absolutely something to be proud of and reflects the strength of the Song Dynasty to some extent. In the Travels of Marco Polo, the mysterious country that countless westerners yearn for is also China in the Song Dynasty. It can be seen that the Song Dynasty was actually a powerful country. Although the national strength of Song Dynasty began to decline, and Song Shenzong's political reform was not particularly successful, the camel starved to death was bigger than the horse. When the Song Dynasty was handed over to Song Huizong by Song Shenzong, it was definitely not an endangered country, and the foundation of the whole country was still very solid. So what caused it to perish during the reign of Song Huizong, neither too early nor too late? The reason can also be said in many ways.

First, let's look at Song Huizong, the monarch who perished in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Huizong is like a "little Li Yu". In addition to his national subjugation, they also have the same excellent and exquisite artistic talent. According to folklore, after Song Shenzong saw the portrait of Li Yu, it happened that Queen Qinci was pregnant with Evonne of Song Huizong. The night before Evonne was born, Song Shenzong accepted Li Yu's dream in the moonlight. There is no specific textual research on folklore in history, but it can be seen that the evaluation of Song Huizong's literary talent in history is definitely not inferior to that of Li Yu. Song Huizong showed great talent in calligraphy and painting since childhood, leaving his "thin body" in literature for later generations.

In martial arts, he is also a master of riding and shooting. Such a versatile person, born in another family casually, will certainly be a popular and attractive son. Fate is that he was born in an emperor's family. Even if he is both civil and military, it does not mean that he will become an excellent emperor. After all, being in a high position, one's Excellence is only an intangible condition, and being able to successfully control the situation becomes the key factor. Song Huizong is not a man without ideas. Song Huizong also wanted to continue the reform of his predecessor, trying to make a difference, but as a result, this traitor led to the end of the world. The only thing he did in office was probably to use the imperial power to vigorously promote painting, which made the painting in the Song Dynasty highly successful and promoted the further development of the art of philology in the Song Dynasty.

Unfair employment

If the emperor doesn't work, politics won't be ruined with a competent minister. At that time, there was actually a man named Zhang Dun, who was a very powerful and ambitious politician. Zhang Dun improved the old law to build water conservancy projects and vigorously developed production. And constantly expand the national armament power, in order to conquer Xixia and surrender Tubo, he was a political ace, but later Song Huizong did not reuse him, but chose to use Cai Jing and entrusted him with an important task. Later generations commented that if Zhang Dun was reused, the history of the Northern Song Dynasty might be rewritten, and perhaps the Song Dynasty would not embark on a point of no return. Cai Jing is also a great man in history. His handwriting is first-class, but his character is not very good. He is a typical person with poor literary quality.

Cai Jing was separated all his life. At first, he was banished to Hangzhou for making friends with the chamberlain. Then, with the help of Fan and Deng Yanwu, have it both ways's superb technology was brought into full play to curry favor with senior officials, and even reached a high position that ordinary people could not reach. Song Huizong is full of blood and wants to implement the new law with Cai Jing. On the surface, Cai Jing set up a discussion department in the name of reform, brazenly cultivating its own strength, and secretly used it to consolidate and expand its power from politics to commerce. Cai Jing took this opportunity to seize power, restrict the emperor, and even once threatened the rule of Song Huizong.

During Cai Jing's four reigns, he carried out a series of reforms, abolishing the imperial examination system and issuing salt banknotes instead, which caused social chaos and suppressed all the grievances of the people before they reached the emperor's ears. For a long time, the court did not understand the real situation of the people, and the needs and dissatisfaction of the people were not resolved. In order to grasp the relieving power, Cai Jing built an army of 80,000 troops with four assistants, and sent confidants to be the chief, and suddenly he was in full swing.

Later, Cai Jing encouraged Song Huizong to build Jiuding, Tang Ming, Fangze and Daoguan. Song Huizong has a dissolute nature. With his encouragement, he became more extravagant. At that time, there were more than 400,000 active servicemen, and the people lived in poverty and had to rise up. Liangshan Uprising and Fang La Uprising broke out successively. Although these two peasant uprisings ended in failure, they both failed. Through the above understanding, we basically know the importance of employing people. Song Huizong's mistakes in employing people have laid a hidden danger for the rule.

Foreign invasion

Later, the Northern Song Dynasty and Jin entered into a "maritime alliance" and agreed to jointly destroy Liao. Song attacked Liao Yanjing and Jin attacked Liao Zhongjing. After the matter was done, the two sides divided the results. In order to attack Yanjing, they sent hundreds of thousands of troops in the Northern Song Dynasty, but they failed in both attacks. Finally, they rely on the hand of 8 jin j.. Afterwards, although Jin Jun also saved the post-war achievements and surrendered to the Song Dynasty, it was inevitable that he began to realize that although the Song Dynasty was still an inviolable regime on the surface, it was actually just an empty shelf with no nutrition to absorb.

Not long after, Jin Taizu died of illness and was succeeded by Jin Taizong, and invaded the south a few years later. At that time, Song Huizong was already old, and it was also a headache to think about this kind of thing. He just gave his son Song Qinzong a Zen position. Coincidentally, his son followed his father. He was not a great man. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was unable to cope with the Jin Jun, so both emperors were captured, and he counted thousands of people who suffered together with his wife, children, relatives and officials. At that time, it also aroused the dissatisfaction of many people in the old country, but there was really no way to accept it silently. After all, as a prisoner, it is not qualified to have the initiative, and it is basically not easy to ensure survival. What can you expect?

8 8 8 Jin Jun didn't treat the prisoners well, and the living conditions were really flattering. For example, it is too cold to sleep at night, so you can only rely on firewood to keep warm, or you will face the bad news of freezing to death. There are all kinds of personal insults, and many people commit suicide because they can't stand humiliation. For example, the beautiful concubine of the emperor is often molested by nomadic people. The Jin people nicknamed Song Huizong "Hundegong". When they arrived in the State of Jin, they were asked to wear mourning clothes and make sacrifices in the temples in Jin Taizu.

Anyway, during this period, Song Huizong was tortured in all aspects. In fact, Song Huizong also wants to get rid of it. When he tried to hang himself with white silk, Song Qinzong stopped him, and the father and son burst into tears. At this time, crying can't solve any problems! They will also be humiliated by the jokes made by the gold people. During his imprisonment, Song Huizong had been expecting someone from the old country to rescue him from the quagmire, but we all know that he finally died on the kang in Zhou Jun and could not wait for the rescuer. This is also a sad number. It's actually quite normal. In that less peaceful era, it would be nice to be able to save your life. How can you control other people's lives?

Song Huizong's miserable old age made us think. Just one Guo Xu was enough to shake a vast country, and some people later forgave Song Huizong. He was only born in the royal family, but personally he didn't want to die. However, since ancient times, how many people are alive, and everything went well from birth? Shouldn't fate be in your own hands after all? Song Huizong may not have the talent to be an emperor. During his ruling life, he was not as idle as those fatuous emperors. He wants to change the status quo in the past, but some things in life backfire, and nothing is perfect. So sometimes, we don't have to feel too sorry For Song Huizong, this may be a fate!

Now, as a bystander of history, when we review the history of the Song Dynasty, we should certainly look at it from a comprehensive perspective. Song Dynasty is an era full of philosophy and legend. At that time, we can find many great men worthy of our memory.

We can't help thinking that the decline and demise of the Song Dynasty in Song Huizong period may also be the inevitable way of historical development. After all, history is moving towards the next new life in constant change. What we need to do is to learn from history and realize personal growth in understanding the world! Behind the ups and downs of honor and disgrace in the Song Dynasty, it may also be eternal!