What are the essence and characteristics of ecological economics?

The influence of ecological economics on us

From the combination of economics and ecology, around the interactive relationship between human economic activities and natural ecology,

Eco-economics spacecraft economic theory

Study the structure, function, law, balance, productivity and eco-economic benefits of eco-economy, macro-management and mathematical model of eco-economy. In order to promote the sustained and stable development of social economy on the basis of ecological balance, ecological economics was formally established as an independent discipline in the late 1960s. In the book Silent Spring published by 1962, rachel carson, an American oceanographer, first combined economic and social issues for ecological research. A few years later, American economist Kenneth? Baldin formally put forward the concepts of "ecological economics" and "spacecraft economic theory" in his book "A Science-Ecological Economics". The history of ecological economics

Ecological economics is a new discipline that appeared in 1960s and 1970s, but the relationship between human social economy and natural ecological environment has existed since ancient times. Social and economic development should adapt to its ecological environment, which is a common economic law in all societies and all stages of development.

Characteristics of Ecological Economics Research Characteristics of Ecological Economics

(1) comprehensive. Ecological economics studies economic problems through the combination of natural science and social science, and studies the relationship between social economy and natural ecology from the whole ecological economic system.

Books related to ecological economics

2 levels. Vertically speaking, it includes the study of ecological economic problems of the whole society and various professional types, such as farmland ecological economy, forest ecological economy, grassland ecological economy, water ecological economy, urban ecological economy and so on. It can be further divided, such as farmland eco-economy, including paddy field eco-economy and dry field eco-economy, and its eco-economic problems can be studied separately according to the main crops. Research on regional eco-economic problems including all levels horizontally.

③ regionality. Eco-economic problems have obvious regional particularity, and the study of eco-economics should be based on the national conditions or regional conditions of a country or region.

4 strategic. Social and economic development should not only meet people's material needs, but also protect the renewable capacity of natural resources; We should not only pursue local and short-term economic benefits, but also safeguard the overall and long-term economic benefits and permanently safeguard the good ecological environment for human survival and development. The goal of eco-economic research is to optimize the overall benefit of eco-economic system and point out the direction for social and economic development from a macro perspective, which is of strategic significance.

The research content of ecological economics.

The research content of ecological economics includes not only the relationship between economic development and environmental protection, but also the causes and control methods of environmental pollution, ecological degradation and resource waste. Economic evaluation of environmental governance; The environmental impact of economic activities and so on. In addition, it also focuses on human economic activities, studies the complex system formed by the interaction between ecosystem and economic system and various problems in the process of contradictory movement, thus revealing the laws of ecological economic development and movement, and seeking countermeasures and ways for the mutual adaptation and balance between human economic development and natural ecological development. More importantly, the research results of ecological economics should also be the scientific basis for solving environmental and resource problems and formulating correct development strategies and economic policies. In a word, the difference between ecological economics research and traditional economics research is that the former regards ecology and economy as an inseparable organic whole, which changes the research thinking of traditional economics and promotes the emergence of new concepts of social and economic development. Main contents of ecological economics research

① Basic theory of ecological economy. Including: the relationship between social and economic development and natural resources and ecological environment, human survival and development conditions and ecological requirements, ecological value theory, ecological economic benefits, coordinated development of ecological economy and so on.

② Eco-economic regionalization, planning and optimization model. To guide social and economic construction with the viewpoint of coordinated development of ecology and economy, we should first carry out eco-economic zoning and planning according to the natural and economic characteristics of different regions, so as to give full play to their overall functions and obtain the best eco-economic benefits. Cities are complex artificial eco-economic systems with concentrated population and powerful production and consumption systems, but the restoration system is weak and the ecological environment is easy to deteriorate. Rural areas are directly engaged in biological production, and developing ecological agriculture is conducive to agricultural stability, maintaining ecological balance and improving rural ecological environment. According to the different characteristics of cities and rural areas in different regions, it is an important subject to study the best eco-economic model and model.

Forest ecological economy

③ Eco-economic management. Planning management should include the management of ecosystem, and economic planning should be the planning of ecological economy and social development. It is necessary to formulate national eco-economic standards and an index system for evaluating eco-economic benefits; Engaged in major economic construction projects, it is necessary to carry out eco-environmental economic evaluation; It is necessary to reform the management system and policies that are not conducive to the coordinated development of ecology and economy, strengthen the legislation and law enforcement of ecological economy, and establish the education, scientific research and administrative management system of ecological economy. Ecological economics should provide theoretical basis for this.

④ Eco-economic history. On the one hand, ecological economic problems have historical universality, and at the same time, with the development of social productive forces, they also have historical stages. By studying the history of eco-economy, we can find the regularity of its development and guide the realistic eco-economic construction. Development of ecological economics

After World War II, the sustained development of science and technology, the continuous improvement of labor productivity and the rapid growth of the world economy fully show that the ability of human beings to intervene and transform nature is gradually increasing. At the same time, however, a large number of environmental pollution and ecological degradation problems have emerged, and their severity is unexpected. With the passage of time, environmental and resource problems have expanded from local to global, and from regional to global. The population explosion, food shortage, environmental pollution, resource shortage and energy crisis all over the world not only threaten the survival of human beings, but also restrict the further development of society. When scientists explore the historical causes, development trends, preventive measures and solutions of the above problems, they found from the beginning that it is difficult to find the answers only from the perspective of ecology or economics. Only by organically combining ecology with economics can we find a solution that not only develops social economy but also protects the ecological environment. At this point, ecological economics came into being, which is also the inevitable result of social development to a certain stage.

In 1960s, American economist Baldin published an article entitled "A Science-Ecological Economics", and put forward the concept of "Ecological Economics" for the first time. Leontief, another American economist, was the first scientist to quantitatively analyze the relationship between environmental protection and economic development. He used the input-output analysis method to treat industrial pollutants as a separate production department. In addition to the consumption of raw materials and labor, the cost of treating pollutants is also included in the product cost. He analyzed the influence of pollution on industrial production in detail.

From 65438 to 0980, the United Nations Environment Programme held a meeting with the theme of "Population, Resources, Environment and Development". The meeting fully affirmed that the above four relationships are closely related, mutually restricted and mutually promoted, and pointed out that countries should pay close attention to and treat them correctly when formulating new development strategies. At the same time, after observing and analyzing various changes in human living environment, the United Nations Environment Programme decided to take "environmental economy" (that is, ecological economy) as the first theme of 198 1 environmental status report. This shows that ecological economics, as a new science with equal emphasis on theory and application, has begun to attract worldwide attention. Eco-economic equation

NSW = NNP +(B— GC)— AL

Where New South Wales = net social welfare;

NNP = net added value of national products;

B = Non-market advantages of unrecognized economic development (such as knowledge accumulation, medical care improvement, etc.). );

GC = Labor and expenses paid for economic development (including information, management, etc. ) and reduce pollution;

AL = loss of environmental benefits (such as increased noise, increased smog, commercial change of scenic spots, etc.). ). Book information

Books related to ecological economics

Title: Ecological Economics

Author: Jianrong Tang

Press: Chemical Industry Press

Release date: March 2005-1

ISBN: 9787502565 152

Format: 16

Pricing: RMB 43.00 Content Brief Introduction

This book is one of the popular research series of ecology. By describing the integration process of ecology and economics, this book reveals the path of the formation and development of eco-economic thought; Through the analysis of the configuration and combination function of each element in the eco-economic system, this paper probes into the general laws of material circulation and energy flow in the eco-economic system. Through the study of eco-economic accounting and its related economic science and technology policies, it provides theoretical guarantee for the coordinated development of society, economy and environment. Through the industrial research, consumption research and education research of ecological economy, it provides possible ways for the sustainable development of social economy; Finally, through the dynamic model of the conflict between nature and agriculture in Pierre, the Netherlands, and the typical case of the management model of sustainable comprehensive utilization of forests in the Netherlands, valuable practical experience is provided for the sustainable development of mankind.

This book can be used by teachers and students majoring in ecology, economy or environment in colleges and universities, and also by other readers who care about economic development, ecosystem and future. Library catalogue

The first chapter is the formation of ecological economics.

The first part is the historical background of ecological economics.

First, human biological possession.

Second, climate change and the expansion of the ozone hole.

Third, energy shortage.

Four. land deterioration

Verb (abbreviation for verb) biodiversity decreases.

Section 2 A brief history of the development of ecology and its related disciplines

First, the development history of economics

Second, the emergence and development of ecology

Third, other important ideas.

The emergence of ecological economics in the third quarter

First, the emergence and development of foreign ecological economics

Second, the origin and development of ecological economics in China.

Third, the further development of ecological economics.

The second chapter is the connotation of ecological economics.

Part one: the connotation and research object of ecological economics.

First, foreign scholars' understanding of the meaning of ecological economics

Second, China scholars' understanding of the meaning of ecological economics

Section II Research Objects of Ecological Economics

First, the research object of ecological economics

Second, the research content of ecological economics

Section III Nature and Characteristics of Ecological Economics

Section IV Relationship between Ecological Economics and Other Related Subjects

I. Ecological Economics and Environmental Economics

Second, ecological economics and resource economics

The third chapter is the theoretical basis of ecological economics.

Section 1 Ecological Theory

First, the basic theory of ecology

Second, the ecosystem theory

Section 2 Economic Theory

Section 3 System Theory and Thermodynamic Law

First, system theory.

Second, the law of thermodynamics.

Section 4 Environmental Ethics

The fourth chapter is the value research of ecological economics.

Section 1 Connotation of Value

First, the meaning of value

Second, the essence of value.

Section 2 Traditional Value Theory

Section 3 Environmental Value Theory

I. Composition and classification of environmental value

Second, the environmental value theory

Third, the theory of ecological value.

Section IV Value Theory of Ecological Economics

I. Energy and energy analysis

Second, emergy value theory.

Chapter V Emergy Analysis of Ecological Economy

Development of the first energy saving value theory and analysis method

I. Ecological energetics

Second, the theory of emergy analysis

Emergy, Resources and Economy

The second energy-saving value principle and its symbolic language

I. Emergy principle

Second, emergy symbols and language.

Analysis method of the third energy saving value and its application

I. Basic concepts

Second, the main emergy index and index system

Third, the basic method

Analysis of the Fourth Energy Saving Value and Its Significance

Chapter VI Research on Eco-economic System

seventh