On Zhuangzi's Reading of Classical Chinese

1. Thanks for Zhuangzi's story in classical Chinese: Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hanged herself, and Zhuangzi was singing with a drum basin (1).

Keiko said, "Live in harmony (2), the eldest son is old (3), it's enough not to cry, and it's good to play drums and sing!" Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. Is the beginning and end of it, I can't be alone (4)! There is no life at the beginning of the trial, no life and invisibility for non-disciples, and intangible and lifeless for non-disciples (5).

Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like spring, summer, autumn and winter. People are sleeping in the giant room (6), but I cry with them (7), thinking that I can't live any longer (8), so I stop. "

Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko went to offer condolences, but Zhuangzi sat with his legs crossed like a dustpan, banging on the tile while singing. Keiko said, "You have lived with your dead wife all your life and have children until you die of old age. It is not an exaggeration to cry when you are dead, and it is not an exaggeration to sing after knocking on the tile! " Zhuangzi said, "That's not right.

How can I not be sad when this man died? But after careful investigation, she was never born at first, not only never born but also never had a body, not only never had a body but never formed vitality. Mixed in a trance, it changes into vitality, vitality changes into shape, shape changes into life, and now it changes into death, just like running in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The dead will rest in peace between heaven and earth, but I sobbed beside her, thinking that I could not understand my fate, so I stopped crying. "When Zhuangzi was in mourning, he passed by Keiko's tomb. Gu said that the follower said," The chalk of Ying people soothes his nose (1), and if he flies, he will make the craftsman stone (2).

A craftsman's luck makes the wind (3), and if he listens, he will lose (4). If you try your best, your nose won't be hurt. If you stand up straight, you won't lose your ability (5). When Song heard about this, he called the craftsman Shi and said, "Do it for me." .

The craftsman said,' I can taste it. Although, the quality of the minister died for a long time (6).

I have no idea since my master (7) died! I have nothing to say. Zhuangzi's funeral, after Keiko's cemetery, turned to his entourage and said, "There was a man in the field who put a layer of chalk on his nose. The chalk was as big as the wings of mosquitoes and flies, and asked the craftsman to cut off this small white spot with an axe.

The stonemason waved an axe and accidentally cut off the white spots. The white mud on the tip of his nose was completely removed, but his nose was not injured at all. The people who stood there as if nothing had happened did not lose their normal state. When Song learned about this, he called the craftsman and said, "You try this for me.".

The craftsman said, "I can cut off the small white spots on my nose." Even so, my worthy partner has been dead for a long time. "

Since Keiko died, I have no rivals! I have no one to argue with! "The original Zhuang has traveled all over the mystery of Diaoling (1). A strange magpie flew from the south, with seven feet wide wings and big eyes, and gathered in the chestnut forest because of its sense of week. Zhuang Zhou said, "What kind of bird is this? Its wings are immortal and its eyes are not big." He stepped forward and left with the bullet.

Cicada can get a beautiful picture and forget her body, mantis can catch (7) and forget herself when she sees it; Different magpies benefit from it (8), and forget the truth when they see the benefits (9). Zhuang Zhou suddenly said (10): "Hey! Things are solid and tired (1 1), and the second one is called! " Donate bombs and walk away, and people in danger are scolded one by one (12).

Zhuang Zhou rebelled, and he was not in court in March (13). Lin asked him (14): "What's the difference between Confucius and Qing (15)?" Zhuang Zhou said: "I keep my shape and forget my body, but I am fascinated by turbid water and clear water." I also heard the masters say,' Do as the Romans do and obey their orders (16)'.

Today, I swam in the Diaoling and forgot my body. Other magpies thought I was beautiful. I swam in the chestnut forest and forgot the truth. Li Zilin's people killed me (17), and I didn't care. Zhuangzi was playing in the chestnut forest in Diaoling when he saw a strange magpie flying from the south, with wings as wide as seven feet and eyes as big as inches, touching Zhuangzi's forehead and stopping in the fruit tree forest.

Zhuangzi said, "What kind of bird is this? Its wings are big but it can't fly far, but its eyes are big but its eyesight is poor? " So I lifted my clothes and hurried forward, holding a slingshot in my hand, quietly waiting for the opportunity. At this moment, I suddenly saw a cicada, resting beautifully in the dense shade, forgetting its own safety; A mantis accidentally used leaves as a cover to pounce on cicada, but forgot its own body. The strange magpie followed closely and thought it was an excellent opportunity. It was about to catch mantis and lost its authenticity.

Zhuangzi said with alarm and vigilance, "Ah, everything in the world is so intertwined and competitive. These two things always attract each other with interests!" Zhuangzi then threw away the slingshot and quickly turned away. The keeper of Chestnut Garden was puzzled and gave chase. Zhuangzi came home in a bad mood for three days.

Disciple Lin followed him and asked, "Why are you so unhappy these days?" Zhuangzi said, "I pay attention to the shape of foreign objects and forget my own safety. I appreciate the turbid running water, but I am puzzled by the clear pool water. I heard teacher Lao Dan say,' Wherever you go, you must follow the customs and taboos there.

Now I have come to Diaoling Chestnut Garden, and I have forgotten my own safety. The strange magpie touched my forehead while playing in the fruit forest and lost its authenticity. The person in charge of the garden didn't understand me and insulted me. I felt very unhappy. "Keiko phase beam [original] Keiko phase beam, Zhuangzi see it.

Someone told Hui Shi: "Zhuangzi is here to replace you as prime minister." . "So Hui Shi was very scared and looked for three days and three nights in the country.

Zhuangzi went to see it and said, "There is a kind of bird in the south called ostrich. What do you know? Husband's carp originated in the South China Sea, but it flew to the North Sea. Not phoenix tree, not practice, not food, not drink. So the owl caught the rotten mouse, and the swan swam over and looked up and said, "Fear!" " This son tried to scare me with his son's Guo Liang? Hui Shi became Liang's Minister of State, and Zhuangzi went to visit him.

Someone told Hui Shi: "Zhuangzi came to Liang and wanted to replace you as prime minister." So Hui Shi was so scared that he searched for three days and three nights in Beijing.

Zhuangzi went to see him and said, "There is a bird in the south. Do you know its name? Take off from the South China Sea and fly to the North Sea. It's not that the buttonwood tree is not alive, not bamboo.

2. Zhuangzi's short story in classical Chinese: Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hanged, and Zhuangzi sang in a drum basin (1).

Keiko said, "Live in harmony (2), the eldest son is old (3), it's enough not to cry, and it's good to play drums and sing!" Zhuangzi said, "Otherwise. Is the beginning and end of it, I can't be alone (4)! There is no life at the beginning of the trial, no life and invisibility for non-disciples, and intangible and lifeless for non-disciples (5).

Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like spring, summer, autumn and winter. People are sleeping in the giant room (6), but I cry with them (7), thinking that I can't live any longer (8), so I stop. "

Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko went to offer condolences, but Zhuangzi sat with his legs crossed like a dustpan, banging on the tile while singing. Keiko said, "You have lived with your dead wife all your life and have children until you die of old age. It is not an exaggeration to cry when you are dead, and it is not an exaggeration to sing after knocking on the tile! " Zhuangzi said, "That's not right.

How can I not be sad when this man died? But after careful investigation, she was never born at first, not only never born but also never had a body, not only never had a body but never formed vitality. Mixed in a trance, it changes into vitality, vitality changes into shape, shape changes into life, and now it changes into death, just like running in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

The dead will rest in peace between heaven and earth, but I sobbed beside her, thinking that I could not understand my fate, so I stopped crying. "When Zhuangzi was in mourning, he passed by Keiko's tomb. Gu said that the follower said," The chalk of Ying people soothes his nose (1), and if he flies, he will make the craftsman stone (2).

A craftsman's luck makes the wind (3), and if he listens, he will lose (4). If you try your best, your nose won't be hurt. If you stand up straight, you won't lose your ability (5). When Song heard about this, he called the craftsman Shi and said, "Do it for me." .

The craftsman said,' I can taste it. Although, the quality of the minister died for a long time (6).

I have no idea since my master (7) died! I have nothing to say. Zhuangzi's funeral, after Keiko's cemetery, turned to his entourage and said, "There was a man in the field who put a layer of chalk on his nose. The chalk was as big as the wings of mosquitoes and flies, and asked the craftsman to cut off this small white spot with an axe.

The stonemason waved an axe and accidentally cut off the white spots. The white mud on the tip of his nose was completely removed, but his nose was not injured at all. The people who stood there as if nothing had happened did not lose their normal state. When Song learned about this, he called the craftsman and said, "You try this for me.".

The craftsman said, "I can cut off the small white spots on my nose." Even so, my worthy partner has been dead for a long time. "

Since Keiko died, I have no rivals! I have no one to argue with! "The original Zhuang has traveled all over the mystery of Diaoling (1). A strange magpie flew from the south, with seven feet wide wings and big eyes, and gathered in the chestnut forest because of its sense of week. Zhuang Zhou said, "What bird, its wings will not die. Is it big? ? "Step (5), take the bullet and leave (6).

? Cicada can get a beautiful picture and forget her body, mantis can catch (7) and forget herself when she sees it; Different magpies benefit from it (8), and forget the truth when they see the benefits (9). Zhuang Zhou suddenly said (10): "Hey! Things are solid and tired (1 1), and the second one is called! " Donate bombs and walk away, and people in danger are scolded one by one (12).

Zhuang Zhou rebelled, and he was not in court in March (13). Lin asked him (14): "What's the difference between Confucius and Qing (15)?" Zhuang Zhou said: "I keep my shape and forget my body, but I am fascinated by turbid water and clear water." I also heard the masters say,' Do as the Romans do and obey their orders (16)'.

Today, I swam in the Diaoling and forgot my body. Other magpies thought I was beautiful. I swam in the chestnut forest and forgot the truth. Li Zilin's people killed me (17), and I didn't care. Zhuangzi was playing in the chestnut forest in Diaoling when he saw a strange magpie flying from the south, with wings as wide as seven feet and eyes as big as inches, touching Zhuangzi's forehead and stopping in the fruit tree forest.

Zhuangzi said, "What kind of bird is this? Its wings are big but it can't fly far, but its eyes are big but its eyesight is poor? " So I lifted my clothes and hurried forward, holding a slingshot in my hand, quietly waiting for the opportunity. At this moment, I suddenly saw a cicada, resting beautifully in the dense shade, forgetting its own safety; A mantis accidentally used leaves as a cover to pounce on cicada, but forgot its own body. The strange magpie followed closely and thought it was an excellent opportunity. It was about to catch mantis and lost its authenticity.

Zhuangzi said with alarm and vigilance, "Ah, everything in the world is so intertwined and competitive. These two things always attract each other with interests!" Zhuangzi then threw away the slingshot and quickly turned away. The keeper of Chestnut Garden was puzzled and gave chase. Zhuangzi came home in a bad mood for three days.

Disciple Lin followed him and asked, "Why are you so unhappy these days?" Zhuangzi said, "I pay attention to the shape of foreign objects and forget my own safety. I appreciate the turbid running water, but I am puzzled by the clear pool water. I heard teacher Lao Dan say,' Wherever you go, you must follow the customs and taboos there.

Now I have come to Diaoling Chestnut Garden, and I have forgotten my own safety. The strange magpie touched my forehead while playing in the fruit forest and lost its authenticity. The person in charge of the garden didn't understand me and insulted me. I felt very unhappy. "。

3. "Looking at the sky from the well" in China's classic story Zhuangzi describes a narrow and limited vision.

The metaphor of "learning to walk in Handan" in Zhuangzi Qiushui is to imitate others mechanically, not only failing to learn others' strengths, but also losing their own strengths and skills. "Zhuangzi Autumn Water" means that writing an article can stick to the theme and grasp the main points.

"Zhuangzi Lieyukou" makes people laugh, which means passive. Zhuangzi Qiushui's "generous home" originally refers to people who know the truth.

Later, it generally refers to people who are knowledgeable or have expertise in learning. The source "Zhuangzi Qiushui" explains the metaphor of pursuing fame and profit.

"Autumn Water in Zhuangzi" is a metaphor for "a lonely young rotten mouse". The metaphor of "Taicang glutinous rice" in Zhuangzi Qiushui is very small.

"A drop in Taicang" in "Zhuangzi Qiushui" is a metaphor for the smallest of the largest numbers. "Zhuangzi Autumn Water" and "Summer Insects Talk about Ice" both say that people are limited by what they see and hear, and they are short-sighted.

"Zhuangzi Qiushui" is not divided into the domain of eating and pecking, and it corrupts the thick family. The lonely young rotting mouse looked around in a colorful tube. Looking up to the sky, Handan crawled. On the beam, it coughs and spits, and the rainbow sells raindrops. A frog in the well laughs. Generous autumn waters are not in harmony with the mausoleum, and if you die, you will gouge out your eyes. The sky is the color of Taicang. A millet in Taicang looks through a colchicine. Sigh at the sea. If you are not stupid, you can't learn to walk. Handan summer insects can talk, ice summer insects sigh, peep at the sky and the ground, peep at the sky and the ground, trailing thousands of miles a day, making people laugh, but laughing generously, fish swimming in the city, Ying Ying autumn water stabbing the cone.

4. The story of Zhuangzi in pure classical Chinese is very short. Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang, and Zhuangzi and Keiko swim on Haoliang.

Zhuangzi said: "How leisurely the fish in the river are in the river. This is the happiness of the fish." . "Keiko said," you are not a fish, where do you know that fish is happy? " ? " Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" ? "Keiko said," I am not a son, and I really don't know my son. "Zigu is not a fish, but I don't know the joy of fish!" Zhuangzi said, "Please follow its source.

Confucius said, "You know a lot about fish". If you ask me what I know, I know it very well. "Keiko Xiang Liang Source: Zhuangzi Qiushui Keiko Xiang Liang (1), Zhuangzi went to see it.

Someone told Hui Shi: "Zhuangzi is here to replace you as prime minister." . "So Hui Shi was very scared and looked for three days and three nights in the country.

Zhuangzi went to see it and said, "There is a bird in the south named Yu ā n Chú (2). What do you know? Kites originated in the South China Sea, but fly in the North Sea. It is not only a phoenix tree, but also a practice. (3) It doesn't eat, it's not spring. (4) It doesn't drink. So the owl (chθ) caught the rotten mouse, and the kite chick passed by and looked up and said,' Fear!' This son tried to scare me with his son's Guo Liang? "。

5. Zhuangzi straw hat answer 14. Mr. Qian Zhongshu said: "Historians should keep away from human feelings, think about the current situation, concentrate on it, think about it, and use it to reason." At the beginning of this paper, the scene of watching fish by Hao Shang is reproduced by witnessing, and the benefits of this writing are discussed. (6 points) 16. Combine the original content, understand the main idea and try to figure out the meaning of the sentence. (6 points) (1) What is the symbolic meaning of "Piaocaomao" in this article? (2 points) (2) "The straw hat is still blue, like green grass on the great plains, and like a blue bird's nest that only hatches original ideas." What rhetoric is used in this sentence? How to understand the meaning of this sentence (4 points) 17. Nowadays, many people devote themselves to nature, get close to nature and relax in their spare time. Do you think they are the same as Zhuangzi? Combined with the author's understanding of Zhuangzi, make a brief analysis. (6 points) The reference answer for modern reading of Zhuangzi's Straw Hat is 14. (1) This way introduces readers into the dialogue scene between Zhuangzi and Keiko, giving people an immersive feeling. (2 points) (2 points) The following is an understanding of the connotation of straw hats. (2 points) 15. Zhuangzi is wearing blue, Pu. (2 points) Zhuangzi and Keiko watch fish in the city; (2) Zhuangzi sleeps and dreams freely on the grass. (2) 16.( 1) symbolizes Zhuangzi's carefree and dreamy attitude towards life and embodies the core of Zhuangzi's spirit of freedom. 2 metaphor. (2) This sentence vividly shows the essential features of Zhuangzi Thought and vividly embodies it. It also reveals that it is a hotbed of free spirit. (2 points) 17. The external manifestations are similar, but the essence is different. (2 points) Now people are close to nature for leisure and use it as a means of relaxation; (2 points) Zhuangzi's idleness embodies his thought of pursuing freedom, which is local and folk, a life state, an attitude towards life, a portrayal of personality and the externalization of Zhuangzi's free soul. (2 points).

6. Ask Zhuangzi for several stories in classical Chinese.

Zhuangzi.

This article is selected from the foreign objects in Zhuangzi's Essays, all of which are works of Zhuangzi's later research. Dry, dry rut, rut. Carp, crucian carp. Crucian carp in a dry rut is a metaphor for people in dire need of help.

Zhuang Zhou's family was poor, so he borrowed millet from Jianhe Hou. Hou Jianhe said: "Promise! I will get a pound of gold, and I will lend you three hundred dollars, but what? " Zhuang Zhou said angrily, "Last week, there was a call from the Middle Road. Zhou Gu sees ruts, and there are still fish in them. Zhou asked,' What is the fish when it comes?' He said to me:' I am the Minister of the East China Sea. "Do you have water to rise and live with me?" Zhou Yue: "Promise me! Can I swim south to King Wu Yue and arouse the water of Xijiang River to meet my son? "The fish said angrily,' I lost my usual relationship, and I have no place. I have to put up with rising water. That's what you said. You might as well let me stay where the dead fish are! ”"

The Dream of Butterfly

Zhuangzi? The theory of everything: "The dream of Qianzhuang Zhou is a butterfly, vivid and self-explanatory! I don't know, Zhou Ye. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou's dream is a butterfly and Zhou's dream is a butterfly and? Zhou and butterfly, there must be points. This is called materialization. "

Indulge in mountains and rivers

"Autumn Waters in Zhuangzi" recorded the fact that Zhuang Zhou, Hui Shi and Hao Liang swam together to watch fish. One day, when they were swimming in the city, they saw a group of small fish swimming back and forth and had a good time. Zhuangzi said: "It is a pleasure for small fish to wander around." Keiko said, "You are not a fish. How can you know that fish are happy?" ? Zhuangzi said, "You are not me. How do you know that I don't know that fish are happy?" " ? " In memory of Zhuang Hui, later generations built a fish-watching platform by the water's edge, and used Hao Liang or Hao Shang as a metaphor to describe the situation that each of them realized something and enjoyed himself.

Mourn your own smallness in front of the vast sea-bemoan your own smallness in front of great things

Autumn is coming (1), and all rivers are irrigated (2); Because of the size of the Jinghe River, there is no dispute between the two cliffs in Zhu Ya. So how happy Herb is to be complacent and take the beauty of the world for himself. Follow the current to the east. As for the North Sea, looking eastward, there is no end to the water. So Yan Hebo began to look at his face (7) and sighed at the ocean (8): "There is a saying in the wild language (9),' I have heard a hundred words (10), and I think I am ignorant' (1 1). This is what I said. And if I taste the taste of Zhong Ni and despise the meaning of Boyi (12), I will believe it; It's hard to be poor when I see my son today. If I don't go to my son's door, I will be in danger. My parents are laughing at Dafang (13). "

If Beihai says, "Well can't go with the sea (14), but stay in the void (15); Summer insects can't talk to ice, but stick to the time (16); Qu's family can't talk to Taoists (17), but can only be tied to religion. Looking at the sea from the cliff today, I know that I am ugly (18), and I will be able to have a heart-to-heart talk with Dali. The water in the world is bigger than the sea, and Wan Chuan belongs to it. I don't know when it will stop at no profit (19); I don't know when it will be gone. Spring is the same as autumn. We don't know about floods and droughts. The flow of this river cannot be measured (2 1). But I have never been self-sufficient (22), because I was born in heaven and earth and suffered from yin and yang (23). I am between heaven and earth, and Xiao Mu is among the mountains. I almost see less square inches, and I laugh at myself! Counting the four seas between heaven and earth is not as empty as osawa (24). Counting China (25) in the sea is not like counting rice (26) in a warehouse. Tens of thousands of things (27), people are at a loss; People die in Kyushu (28), grains are born, boats and cars are connected, and people are at a loss (29); This is more important than anything else, unlike the end of luxury goods lies in the horse (30)? The connection of the five emperors (3 1), the dispute between the three kings, the worries of benevolent people, the work of any scholar (32), that's all! Boyi Ci is famous for its name (33), and Zhong Ni Ci is rich and self-sufficient; Don't you want to compare water (34)? "

Sing "Knocking on the Basin"

"Zhuangzi's wife died, Keiko hanging it, Zhuangzi singing in the drum basin. Keiko said, "It is enough for the eldest son to live in harmony and grow old together. It's not bad to die without crying. Singing with drums and pots is also great! " Zhuangzi said, "otherwise. Finish what you started, I can't be alone! There is no life in the beginning, no life in the disciples, no life in the disciples and no life in the disciples. Miscellaneous between awn and fluorene, it turns into gas, gasifies into shape, it turns into life, and now it turns into death, just like the four seasons. People were lying in a huge room, and I cried with it, thinking that I couldn't live any longer, so I stopped. "