What is rap?

(rap)

Nagging; Big mouth. Biography of the Northern Qi Dynasty: "A blind man carries a big axe, but a talkative woman cannot speak." Tang Bai Juyi's poem "Strict Words on Material Reward": "Do you know that Bak Yan sings birds in spring?" Huang Qing Zunxian's "Singing Lotus, Chrysanthemum and Peach as a Bottle": "Flowers can't say that I rap, and flower gods are so different." Mao Dun's Midnight Seven: "But Li Yuting, who also drank several glasses of wine, is an exception."

[Have a rare sumptuous meal; Nonsense; Nonsense.

Wang was interested in attending the ceremony. He was silent, but said, "Life-prolonging rap." -History of wuyue

Rap voice

When black people were brought from Africa to the American mainland by white traffickers, they took root, but they came from different parts of Africa and different tribes and could not talk to each other. In black society, the only common communication tool is English. From16th century to19th century, European colonists transported a large number of black slaves from Africa (mainly Congo and Angola in West Africa) to America, and half of them went to the United States. He also worked hard in cotton, sugar cane plantations and mines in southern States. In order to communicate with each other and adapt to the environment, they learn English and mix the original language with English grammar, forming some special forms of language contact. In this process, black language has a close relationship with English, absorbing some elements of English and giving up some of its own characteristics. Thus, under the condition of basically maintaining its original quality, "Black English" gradually took shape. Black English is regarded as a symbol stored by blacks for communication, and they have their own system; The cultural pattern of society is also different from that of European whites, so there are differences in pronunciation, grammar and usage, which is the first cognition to understand black English. If we infer that the social opportunities of African-Americans are limited to some extent, it is because the dialects and symbols used by children who grew up in poor America are limited, or because they are unpopular in American mass society, African-Americans have to be detained in black areas, and natural black English will become more and more unique. Judging from the pronunciation, grammar and words of rap music, black English is a good way. The rapper strung together the unique characters and codes in the black area and expressed them in idioms. From their words, they can understand the social behavior in daily life. Black English combines the primitive spirit of black people with the universality of English. Through the rap of black rappers, some fonts used in white English grammar have changed. Some not only changed the pronunciation of fast words, but also simplified some conjunctions. Judging from the principle of the evolution of words in history-"from complex to simple", it is much more convenient to rap with words. Rap songs are not only simplified in words, but also changed in grammar, forming a unique style, which is very different from white English. In the next part, the author will first analyze the words and pronunciations of rap songs, and then briefly introduce them from the grammar part, so that readers can understand the unique writing style of African-Americans.

1 Pronunciation part:

As mentioned earlier, rappers simplify spelling and writing because of the appearance of hyphens. For example, the most common thing is to change the letter at the end of er into a single "A". For example, the word "nigger" is simplified to "nigga", and another word "motherfucka" is also simplified to "uthafucka".

In addition, the word player has also been changed to playa. As long as the suffix is er, it can be changed to a according to this grammar. In addition, words ending in ks or cks will also be replaced by X, because ks(cks) and X have the same pronunciation. For example, thanks is changed to thanx, and checks is also changed to chex. This usage has also become a rule. The usage of o is also very distinctive, for example, Love is changed to Luv, nothing is changed to nuthin', and the word fucken is changed to muthafucka, which also conforms to this grammar. In addition, like the s in the word, it is often changed to z, for example, cause is changed to kuz, and easy is changed to EZ. Moreover, having two grammars is not only used by blacks, but also a common law in the United States, that is, it is going to be changed to going and wanting to be changed to wanna. In addition, if out of is changed to out, kind is changed to kind, and sorta is changed to sorta, it will become a new English grammar. Words such as re or e, which are almost unheard of in fast singing, are omitted For example, more becomes mo (for example, film noir move money), for becomes fo, or the number "4" is used instead. Omitting "g" from "ing" has also become a common grammar in the United States. For example, nothing has been changed to nuthin', commin has been changed to commin', and so on. G can be omitted as long as it is an ing progressive. And some words, because of rap, have changed their pronunciation, such as through

As we all know, the word gh is silent, and the pronunciation of th is "θ", but in rap songs, its pronunciation is "T", so the word is simplified as thru.

The pronunciation is the same as the pronunciation of the word true, and the pronunciation of th without is the same as this grammar, from "θ" to "t" In spelling, simplify to

Wit, but the pronunciation is still /WIθ/, which is an exception. By the way, some rappers seize the advantage of speaking fast and write a long list of words together on the album. They feel that the name or song title of the album is particularly dazzling, but they all sound the same. Like the rap group out kast.

The first album Outhern PlayAlistica Dilla Muzik, the last remix D 'Voidof Piano Gafiedmegamix in the album Bootlegs B.B. Side of ICE Cabe, is a long string, which is a headache to watch, but you will know the pronunciation and meaning after watching it several times. In addition, for example, the number of songs Wussup and LUV is what is underground with the entity of love. Although the font has changed, the pronunciation is still the same. The above is just a brief introduction, but it is the word with the highest frequency among blacks. Here are some words that appear in rap songs and their usage. Some words can be called "vulgarity", "contempt" or "slang", but they are the most practical black words.

First of all, of course, the word Fuck, which has the highest exposure, not only appears in rap songs, but also has become a daily language in the United States and is widely used. As everyone knows, the word "fuck" has the usage of "sexual intercourse". Of course, it is also a vulgar word, which is often used to curse each other's behavior or people. And the word "fucking" can also represent anything, any animal, and can also be used as an emphasis. As long as it can swear, it conforms to the grammar of "fuck" And fucking has its own set, forming a bunch of phrases, which are introduced as follows:

The most common phrase is I don't give a fuck, which means I don't care; Fuck about/around means don't trust someone or something; Fuck off means fuck off, get out; As for not screwing up someone, it means leaving me alone and not bothering me; And what the fuck do you mean, screwed up? Of course, as mentioned above, the word Fuck can replace any verb or noun, as long as the other person can understand it. "Fuck" has a usage rule of "on earth" or "hell" for emphasis, such as "What the fuck are you doing? Or how the fuck am I supposed to fly? Sometimes it can be used with the word shit, but it is better to use it less. In addition, another word comparable to the word Fuck is shit. This word means "dung" and "excrement", and sometimes it can even refer to drugs (heroin). Its usage, like Fuck, depends on the user's hobby, but it is mostly a noun usage, which is used to scold someone for disappointing. Like Fuck, the word "shit" often becomes a phrase, which is a bit like "fu" and "alas" in ancient Chinese, but the tone is heavier. For example, shit, and bitch, which means bitch, also means "bitch" and is used to scold some shameless people.

! How are you? Or swear, you son of a bitch! Very vulgar usage, or "eat my shit" and "remember me"! As long as the word appears in rap songs, there is nothing good. Of course, when the word shit is used, it sometimes points to good things, and its usage is like pronouns. Like what Da shit! This shit was once referred to as drugs and girls in rap songs. Yo! My big shit! The shit in this language refers to the baby, which means that the usage of shit is very free! And the most familiar usage of shit must be cow shit! Nonsense, it's all nonsense! Empty talk is bullshit! There is a joke that says, "Where is the worst shit?" The answer is "American mouth! It can be seen that the American preference for this word has become an international joke!

Below, I will introduce some rap words with a particularly high frequency, which are described as follows:

1. Numeric words

Because some words have the same pronunciation as Arabic numerals, they are directly replaced by numbers, such as to use 2, for use 4 and night use 9, and the right part of Straight is usually represented as "Str 8" with 8, forming a new English word composed of letters and numbers. Some figures must be known. For example, the movie 187, which was shown before, refers to "the penalty number of California murderers", a rapper named 187 Fac, or the famous song "My Lover is a 187" of the rap group, also using 187 as the representative number. Other code names related to numbers are mostly related to guns, which we will introduce in the next section.

2. Words replaced by letters

A stands for the best and b stands for the worst. For example, B represents the worst thing, and A plus (A+) is the best representative. C is often a dating word for see. G is a big name, which can refer to Gangstar or sexual behavior between men and women, because the woman makes a "G" sound during sexual intercourse, and it can also refer to a gun.

. N stands for and, r stands for ARE, and u stands for You. In addition, Ku Klux Klan or W.A.S.P, a powerful white group, is used to wipe out black Americans and ensure the superiority of white people. Protestant Anglo-Saxon American (white Anglo-Saxon)

Protestantism), because WASP is the main stratum that dominates American society today, just in contrast with the African-American underclass, it is repeatedly mentioned in rap songs that in the famous song C.R.E.A.M (Cash, Rules, Everything, Around, Me) of Wu Tang clan, the title of the song clearly expresses the hope that cash can roll in at the beginning. In the early Song Dynasty, chef Lei Quan (a member of Wu Tang's family) came to the birthplace of Wu Tang without the care of his mother's money. /kloc-at the age of 0/6, he was exposed to drugs and made a living on the street with a gun. He got everything with these things, including the cash company. Readers can learn from a short lyric of this song.

In the life of black gang members in the United States, money, guns and drugs can be said to be a trinity and indispensable. Of course, "sex" is also indispensable. With the death of guns and drugs, the descriptions of the body in the lyrics are endless, which constitutes the main part of rap music. The following are black English words that represent these things:

1. Money:

As an indispensable part of rap, the most common word is cash. After all, cash is the most practical, and I have never heard of using checks in drug transactions. However, in rap, Check(s) is also used as a code for money. The word "bone" means drugs, but it tastes richer. Often interpreted as a team leader, even related to sex. There is a lyric "nearly boneless", which means "worthless" In addition, because the dollar bill is green, green has become the code name of the dollar bill, but green also means drugs. The aforementioned letter "G" also has a grand meaning. A "G" can represent many things (sex, gangs, money). Other commonly used words, such as nickle (nickle), such as dough, blunt (originally meaning "dull" but disguised as "gold ornaments"), ducat (originally referring to gold/silver ornaments used in medieval Europe, now popularly referring to coins or admission tickets), and hoot (originally referring to New Zealand money, also borrowed by blacks), are all very special.

2. medicine

Buying drugs with money has become an indispensable part of rap. The multi-ethnic color of American national melting pot can also be seen from the names of drugs in black rap songs.

4. Sex:

No one can escape the need for sex, and it is inevitable to appear in rap songs. Here are some words about sex.

The details are as follows.

A. Male genitalia, such as penis, bone, penis and dog, refer to important parts of men.

B. Female genitalia, such as pudenda, buttocks, buckets, etc.

D. code names of young men and women:

Generally speaking, young men and women use teenagers as their addresses, but they also use the code name of Homeboy. Another word, Homie, although it means intimacy, is mostly related to "gang" activities, but it has also become the code name of friends today. Common names for men are boy, man, bro (abbreviation of brother), crew, buck, fufe, dis, etc. It's very colloquial, but it doesn't respect women's names, such as girl, bitch, sis (sister's abbreviation), prostitute, hoe, hook and so on. And the last three words are "prostitutes" and there is another word PHAT, pronounced with fat, which is a compliment to women. It is the abbreviation of perfection and touching, and can be called "stunner". Therefore, fat originally just means fat, which means "beauty", indicating that English grammar has also undergone great changes. Moreover, the word "fly" can also be said to be the code name of your arrogant brother and sister-in-law, so the rapper Missy Misdemeanor Elliott will sing Supa Dupa Fly.

E. sexual intercourse between men and women:

Pimp is the code name of pimp (for example, the seventh album called "Pimp Shorty" is too short), and prostitute is the code name of prostitute.

Hoes, hooks, etc. It is a pronoun, and the popular object can also be called hot stuff. Use creep up on sb's.

Ass representing the transaction.

5. gangsters:

Gang members, such as "G", which means Gangstar, can represent guns or even a group of people, such as Crew, bro and hooligans.

Kink is a gangster, too.

6. Police:

The police are regarded as a thorn in the side of the gangster rappers, so they call them a lot in the lyrics. The late rapper Z Pac even wrote: "Fuck all policemen, skinheads, Nazis and so on!" In his first album, Z Pac AIYPSE NOW. KRS-ONE, known as the "rap music teacher", also has a song "Black Police", which tells the truth about black police. From this point of view, the signs that rap songs induce fans to kill policemen are obvious. Generally, the police are called Cop (abbreviation of baton Capper), pig, po (abbreviation of police) and Crook. In addition, the name Five-O from the album Detective Tando often appears in rap songs. And doughnuts &; Cafe (doughnuts and coffee) is used to address some idle policemen, almost all of which are negative words.

7. Death, corpse:

Scurface, who released the album My Homies just the day before, became very popular after 1993 released the second album Diary, and released the single Dead Hands with ice cube. However, in the Vibe Q&: Q&A unit, someone asked: Why does Scarface love to sing lyrics about death and corpses so much? The magazine's answer is: because he worked as a corpse washer in a funeral home for two years. So he likes corpses. Of course, it is not because all rappers have washed their bodies, but the word "death" is indispensable in rap songs. Phrases like deep-six, light sb, turn to the grave, out, etc. Both mean "to die", while crpress hill and six deep feet (meaning that the coffin is buried six feet underground) mean graves, while the verbs of bang and pump are related to being shot.

8. Other names:

For example, the word juice can be interpreted as juice, but when it is used as a verb, it means "squeezing". For example, the word "You can't squeeze juice out of me, kus, I'm ice cube" in the lyrics is rebellious, but if a woman is juice, it means she must be a "stunner", but juice has a positive explanation, and that is respect. And if you call someone Humpty Pumpty, an egg-shaped person who walks around the wall mentioned in Alice in Wonderland, don't think it means you are shining. Very cute, but despise a person's dick. I said a lot of miscellaneous words. Now I will introduce the grammar of black English, so that I can have a deeper understanding of rap lyrics.

All that jazz: this is also the name of a movie (1979, The Spring and Autumn of Jazz directed by bob fosse), but in rap music it means "all those things, all that nonsense". ※. ※.

※Chartbuster: (mainly used in D.J. and music publications) refers to works that are extremely successful in the charts. ※. Buster means tamer and conqueror, which can be combined with many nouns. ※. For example, Ghostbusters (the movie "Devil Buster") is the person who conquers the devil.

Look at this: two situations often appear in rap songs, and then the rapper continues to rap, indicating that the rapper has important information to tell you, please consider his words; Then there is a piece of music, which means that he wants you to listen carefully to the special changes in the music.

Chill: calm, calm, indifferent, showing attitude towards the surroundings. ※. Similar words are Chill Out and Cool. ※.

It, cool down, calm down, and so on.

Deep: true meaning, used with adjectives, such as: deep truth (true), deep dumb (really stupid), strengthen the use of adjectives. ※.

Def: short for define, which means "cool" and "better" in black language. ※. It means firm, calm and unyielding black man, cool and better. Rap musicians often boast that they are "the most rebellious". ※.

DJ: It's a record. ※

It's short for Jockey, Disk stands for record (vinyl record) and Jockey stands for manipulator. It is wrong to translate domestic dictionaries into "radio program hosts" (the Chinese translation of rock and roll terms in English dictionaries is almost correct), and the correct meaning should be "people who choose to play music in radio programs or dances". One of the most important characters in rap music is Rapper (for one person, two people or even a group of people), who is responsible for oral rap and provides background in rap for playing records, mixing, snapping photos and so on.

DJ of music.

Dope: it was originally another name for heroin, and later it can also be used as the name of marijuana and other drugs. Dope used by blacks in rap music refers to the feeling of being excited and refreshed after taking drugs, and it can also be used with Funky later, which means to be very good and enjoy. Many rap musicians flaunt themselves as Dopest. ※: The best).

※Get It Going On: The original complete sentence pattern is Going With Someone: it means to start a romantic love story with someone. ※. Let it go on means that someone's love story (usually an encounter) is going well. ※.

Hype: For people in record companies, this word means "propaganda of a complete marketing plan", but for people of insight in Philharmonic, this word means "false or exaggerated propaganda of artists or records". ※. The theme of "Don't Believe in Speculation" by Public Enemy 1988 is to satirize too much publicity and cause another form of confusion to the public. ※.

Ilya: It's a scam. ※。 This is the representative of music style, such as heavy metal stresses rebellion and fast pace of life. ※: ; Most rap musicians flaunt themselves as bad people and get killed.

Black boy: Another synonym is "monster", which means "super exciting and excellent". ※. Common words include KillerAlbum, "that song is a monster" and so on. ※.

※ ku crookes

Klan: The original meaning of these three words refers to the three-step sound when the pistol is triggered, in order to learn the formula when shooting. Now it refers to the Klan, the secret organization of American terrorism. There are two Klan in American history. One was founded shortly after the Civil War and disappeared in11970s. The other was founded in Atlanta, Georgia on 195 1 and has been active ever since. Although the purpose of the Klan is not in line with the changes of the times, it is basically anti-black, anti-Catholic and anti-Jewish, and is famous for its terrorist and violent activities.

# 1: Almost all rap musicians from Run-D.M.C, L.L.Cool J., Public Enemy, Big Brother Kane, etc. He said that he was # 1 (first place) and often claimed to be the king, while D.J. in the group liked to claim to be the master. ※.

Host: It's the owner of …. ※。 ※

The abbreviation of ceremony, usually a D.J. is responsible for playing records, and a M.C. is responsible for giving a speech to promote the atmosphere of the dance. In rap music, M.C. is Rapper, and many rappers even add M.C. before their stage names to let everyone know that he is the protagonist, such as M.C. Hammer, Young M.C, M.C. Lyte and so on.

I'm so angry. ※

Off: Literally means "piss on me", but actually it means "piss me off". People who have seen the movie "Good Morning Vietnam" will be deeply impressed by the sentence that robin williams taught Vietnamese.

Posse: White people refer to "mobs" and black people refer to "a group of people with the same goals or interests". Later, because the rap musician M.C. Hammer called his rap dance group Posse, the word Posse gradually replaced Rappers and was widely used. ※.

※Turnable Hit: refers to songs that are often played on the radio but are not sold in the market. ※. ※.Tone-Loc's Wild Things is just the opposite. ※. In 1989, this single sold more than two million copies in the United States, and it was the best-selling single of 1989. But because many white radio stations or rock radio stations (and many rock conservatives think rap is dirty music and only suitable for the street) have never played this song, they only got the second highest ranking and the 33rd year-end ranking.

Punch: It means drinking hard liquor. ※。 For example, punch. ※. Helpful. "Whacked" means getting drunk or taking drugs and getting into deep trouble.

Yo! ※! What's up, man? Black people are used to calling You yo for short. When white people call you Fllow, black people call each other Man. Black people's habitual snoring language is hi, man! And yo! What's up, man?

※Funky: The usage of this word is different between black people and white people. ※. In rap music (black usage), it refers to a feeling similar to orgasm, which means great and enjoyable. The commonly used derivative is Get Funky. ※.

Hip-Hop: Hip means ass, and hop means jumping. Hip-hop refers to the black people in the 1970s, which originated from R&; B (rhythm and blues), but with R &；; B is completely different, emphasizing the pure dance music of D.J. Remix technique in the ballroom. In 1980s, this kind of music formed rap music by adding Scratch (the special effect of the stylus rubbing records intermittently) and the street rhyme unique to the black people, so it can be said that Hip.

Hop is the predecessor of Rap, but today these two words can often be mixed. Only Rap focuses on rap, while Hip Hop tends to refer to pop dance music with obvious strong beat.

Indie: the abbreviation of independent, which means that the record company to which the artist belongs ※Indie:Independent. ※. ※

Label (Independent Company) is different from the top five record companies in the world (WEA, POLYGRAM, EMI, CBS←/SONY, BMG). It has a huge distribution network, which can make overall design for the singer's modeling and publicity activities. Because Major (five major record company systems) can provide artists with the best objective environment such as sound recording engineer and accompaniment, and make a complete marketing plan, it is often the case. This is why hardcore rock fans spurn Major's strong commercial color, support some independent record companies, and allow artists to make their own albums according to their own ideals without too much commercial publicity. At present, the biggest magazines supporting independent music in Britain and America are all new in Britain.

Music Express (NME), sound, recording mirror image, etc. The United States has SPIN, Option (Pure India), Catalog (Pure India) and new york's regional but highly respected acquisitions. The main supporters of indie music are mostly college students and intellectuals. Rolling Stone, the authoritative magazine of American mainstream rock, began to publish college albums from 1985, which proves that most of the people on the list are independent works.

Hard core: extreme and deep-rooted. ※. Some people in China literally translate it as "hard core", but I can't see what it means. ※. Perhaps "die-hard" and "persistent" are more appropriate free translations. Hard core is an adjective, not a kind of music, so there are hard-core punk (such as sonic youth), hard-core heavy metal (such as Dior) and hard-core rap musicians, such as Schooly D, Just-Ice, The D.O.C, Too $hort, Chilli Rob G, Slumdog Boys and so on. The standard of hard core identification often varies from person to person.

New school: if the whole history of rap music is divided into three generations, it can be divided into old schools (founders and early musicians), such as Afrika Bambastaa, Funky 4+ 1, Flash Master, Kurtis Blow, The burgered Three and so on. ※. During 1983-1984, some musicians with innovative and new skills were called the New School, including Run-D.M.C, L.L.Cool J., The Fat Boys, Whodini, Doug E. Fresh, etc. ※. The third generation musicians are different from the second generation musicians because they have raised the level of rap music to the black civil rights movement or black consciousness, or because they have more integrated rap music skills. These include: Public Enemy, KRS 1, and his Buji drop production, Big Dad Kane, and Della.

Soul, and so on. As for the new term "next faction" that appeared in recent two years, it refers to some new groups that may be famous in the future, but have not yet had a substantial impact.

※Hip House: It's a new musical style that only appeared in recent two years. ※. Combining the styles of Hip Hop and House Music, the band Technotronic on the recent charts can be said to be representative. It's worth noting that Hip Hop or Rap originated in the black area of new york, and House Music originated in Chicago, but most of them were made by white people. ※. At the same time, House music mainly emphasizes the musical skills of bass lines and drums, and does not involve cultural awakening or social movements.

Beat and rhythm: Hip Hop paid attention to rhythm in the early days, but after the rise of Rap, it emphasized all kinds of rhymes in songs, and was influenced by the popularity of minimalism (take the song "All Right" before janet jackson as an example), and beat replaced rhythm. Usually rap songs express the beat by bass and drums, but different musicians use different skills. ※.

Decomposition: Stop all accompaniment and singing, leaving only the most basic beat repetition, which is usually broken by rappers. ※. ※

When you are depressed, the dance company often starts dancing on the stage.

※Cut: refers to a passage in an album, which can be a song or a part of a song sung or played. ※. ※.

Improvise: Many musicians improvise or sing together. ※. ※ In rap/hip-hop, the part of sample music after serial mixing is also called Jam.

※ (get) On mic: mic is short for microphone, which means rap and singing leading role. For example, Marvin Young (young M.C.' s real name) is on the microphone, which means that Marvin Young is rapping. He is the protagonist in front of the microphone.

Go ahead. ※

Up: originally meant to "stretch muscles" in order to prevent sports injuries. Later, this sport was compared to a dance. In order to create a warm and good atmosphere, D.J. had to turn up the music first, which forced people to dance in the deafening music. So come on.

It can mean adding (or strengthening) music to make it warm.

Mix: Mix. At present, 12 inch dance music records all use Remix. ※. However, mixing refers to lengthening the melody without changing the original theme, which is basically a skill commonly used by sound engineers and D.J.

Sample: songs or music of many artists or special sound effects (such as speeches, ambient music, etc.). ) are recorded in MIDI, called sample. ※

Music, used in rap songs, can change the original sample music (or even the original sound) at will, resulting in unlimited creative effects. Sampling has been adopted by most new generation rap musicians.

※Scratch:Rap combination D.J. usually uses two turntables with a "multi-channel mixer" in the middle. ※

Console) when playing a record, you can press the record with your fingers or gently stir the record in the opposite direction, and send out the stylus and the record "Whew! Hey! " Fricative sound, the technique of reversing or pausing recording, is called Scratch.