Where is the "Qishan" where Zhuge Liang left Qishan during his six voyages now? Why is its military significance so important?

During the Three Kingdoms period, the story of Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Han Dynasty, went out to Qishan Mountain to defeat the Wei Dynasty six times, which is known to everyone in China. But there may not be many people who really know where Qishan is.

If you pay a little attention when reading or reading history, it is not difficult to find that Qishan Mountain, as it was called during the Three Kingdoms period, is located in the east and west of Li County, Gansu Province, on the north side of the Han River, starting from Beilao (now Pingquan) in the west Dabaozi Mountain), east to Lucheng (today's Yanguan Town), lying on the north side of the Han River in the west of Li County, stretching for about 25 kilometers. It is a fortress that strangles the throat of Longshu and controls the north and south. It is also an ancient battlefield where Shu and Wei fought during the Three Kingdoms period.

Qishan is the birthplace of the Qin State and was the political, economic, military and cultural center of the early Qin Dynasty. Historical records: Qin Xianggong founded the Qin State in Xichui.

As early as the time of Yao and Shun, this place was called "West" and considered to be the place in the sky. It was also the place where Zhong observed and worshiped the sunset. Its political significance is even more self-evident. Here, the mountains tower into the sky, and it is known as the "Jiuzhou". It is the most steep in the world and strangles the throat of Shu and Long. It has strong offensive and defensive positions, so it became a battleground between Wei and Shu during the Three Kingdoms period.

The territory of Shu Han is divided into three parts, namely Hanzhong, Shuzhong and Nanzhong. To the north of Hanzhong is Qishan Mountain. There are many passes and the terrain is dangerous. The road to Shu is difficult. One man can pass it and ten thousand people cannot open it. Yes, according to the rules, it is difficult for a million soldiers to march even half a step. If you advance northward, you can carry the mountains and fight in Guanzhong, so its military significance is also particularly important.

Let’s talk about other stories. Zhuge Liang personally led six soldiers out of Qishan, hoping to regain the Central Plains and unify China.

In fact, Zhuge Liang had five Northern Expeditions in his first year. Of these five Northern Expeditions, only two left Qishan.

In the spring of 228 AD, during Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, Zhang He defeated Ma Su in the street pavilion. Without the street pavilion, it would be impossible to stop the westward advancing Cao army. Zhuge Liang planned to use the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an and Anding for farming. What is gained must be lost again.

In the winter of 228 AD, during Zhuge Liang's second Northern Expedition, the Shu army surrounded Chencang and could not conquer it for a long time, so Zhuge Liang ran out of food and retreated.

In 229 AD, during Zhuge Liang's third Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang captured the two counties of Wudu and Yinping.

In 231 AD, during Zhuge Liang's fourth Northern Expedition, Li Yan failed to transport grain and instead falsely accused Zhuge Liang of supporting his troops. The later leader Liu Chan believed in the slander and recalled Zhuge Liang.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang made his fifth Northern Expedition. Due to overwork, Zhuge Liang became ill and unfortunately passed away at the age of fifty-four. This ended the Northern Expedition completely.

In general, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition failed mostly due to lack of food and grass, being outnumbered and conservative tactics. Of course, there is another reason - his opponent is not weak, and he is a veteran like Sima Yi. Sima Yi has already seen through everything, and adopts the strategy of standing still and holding on until he can't defeat him, dragging Zhuge alive to death on the Northern Expedition.

Zhuge Liang’s six trips out of Qishan now seems like a joke, but is he stupid? No, this is loyalty.

What Zhuge Liang mentioned in the "Departure List" table is that he should be rewarded and lead the three armies to conquer the Central Plains in the north, eliminate the common people and the slaves, eliminate the traitors, revive the Han Dynasty, and return the old capital. ?It is true that it has been shown that Zhuge Liang will fulfill his promise with the late emperor and has already thought of a strategy to unify the Central Plains. Helpless and jealous of the talented people, the Prime Minister went on the Northern Expedition, leaving Qishan six times, and finally died of illness in Wuzhangyuan.

Nowadays, it only takes a few hours to travel from Chengdu to Xi'an by high-speed rail, but the Prime Minister devoted the rest of his life to it. Some people lamented Zhuge Liang because he did not help the Han Dynasty and unify the Central Plains until his death; some were moved by Zhuge Liang's willingness to go through hardships in order to fulfill his imperial duties; others complained: In order not to forget his original intention, in order to realize His original intention was to go out to the Qishan Mountains six times to engage in military force and make the people of Shu a poor people.

In my opinion, his determination to repay his kindness until death is already admirable, and Qishan is also famous for his story of the Northern Expedition. What Qishan left to us for future generations is not only military significance, but also a symbol, a symbol of Zhuge Liang's spirit.