Five idioms about horses and cranes and their explanations

The idiom "traffic" is simplified from the words in the imperial edict after Matthew, which describes the bustling scene of traffic between horses and chariots. This idiom comes from The History of Mingde Ma Huanghou in the Later Han Dynasty. When you walk on the Longmen, you will see a stranger asking about your daily life. Cars run like water, Ma Rulong, the head is green, the leader is white, and you are not far away. Ma Shi, the youngest daughter of Ma Yuan, a famous star in the Eastern Han Dynasty, kept the housework in good order since she was a child because of her parents' early death. Her relatives and friends praised her as a capable person. At the age of thirteen, the horse was elected to the palace. One is to wait on the Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, and his popularity is very good. After the death of Emperor Guangwu, Zhuang acceded to the throne, that is, Emperor Hanming, and was made a nobleman. As she never gave birth, she adopted one of Jia's sons, named Liu Dan. In 60 AD, because Empress Dowager Cixi liked her very much, she was made the queen of Ming Di. When Ma became queen, his life was still simple. She often wears coarse clothes, and her skirt has no tassels. When some concubines appeared before her, they thought she was wearing clothes made of very good materials. I didn't know it was a very common material until I got closer, and I respected her more from then on. Ma Huanghou knew books and reason, and often read books such as Spring and Autumn Annals and Songs of the South carefully. On one occasion, Ming Di deliberately showed her the minister's documents and asked her how to deal with them. After reading it, she put forward pertinent opinions on the spot. However, she did not interfere in the state affairs because of this, and never took the initiative to mention the state affairs. After Ming Di's death, Huang Liu acceded to the throne, that is, Emperor Zhang Han. Ma Huanghou was honored as the Empress Dowager. Soon, on the advice of some ministers, Emperor Zhang planned to make the younger brother of the Queen Mother a knight. After Matthew, according to the regulations of Emperor Guangwu on the family of empresses, he explicitly opposed this, so this thing was not done. The following summer, there was a great drought. Some ministers also said that this year's drought was due to the failure to seal spouses last year. They asked for the enfeoffment of uncle horse. Matthew still didn't agree, so he also issued an imperial edict. The imperial edict said, "Anyone who proposes to make his spouse a knight is trying to flatter me and gain benefits from it. What does drought have to do with chivalry? Remember the lessons of the previous dynasty, spoiling consorts will bring great disaster. Qin Shihuang refused to let his consorts hold important positions, which was a preventive measure. In the future, how can Ma Shi take the old road again? " The imperial edict went on to say, "The uncles of the Ma family are all very rich. As the empress dowager, I still don't worry about food and clothing, dress simply and try to be frugal around the palace. The purpose of doing this is to show the following, so that my relatives can see themselves and reflect on themselves. However, instead of blaming themselves, they laughed at my frugality. A few days ago, I passed by the gate of Longyuan Garden in Zhuo, where my mother lived. Seeing people outside come to my uncle's house to pay their respects, the car keeps driving like running water, and the horses keep coming and going, like a Youlong, which is very ostentatious. Their servants are neatly dressed, with green eyes, white collars and sleeves. Look at our car, it's far worse than theirs. I tried to control myself and didn't blame them. They only know how to enjoy themselves and are not worried about the country at all. How could I agree to give them a formal promotion? " In the legend of Bole Xiangma, the immortal who manages horses in the sky is called Bole. In the world, people call a person who is good at distinguishing the advantages and disadvantages of horses Bole. The first person is Bole, whose real name is Sun Yang, and he was born in the Spring and Autumn Period. Because of his excellent research on horses, people forgot his original name and simply called him Bole, which has continued to this day. On one occasion, Bole was entrusted by the King of Chu to buy a good horse that could walk in dry fields every day. Bole explained to the king of Chu that swift horses are rare and hard to find. He needs to travel around the country. Please rest assured that the king of Chu will try his best to get things done. Bole has traveled to several countries, even Zhao Yan, which is famous for its famous horses, has searched carefully, and it has been difficult to find a good horse. One day, Bole came back from Qi. On the way, he saw a horse pulling a salt cart and struggling on a steep slope. This horse is tired and it is difficult to take every step. Bole has always been very close to horses and can't help walking up to him. When the horse saw Bole approaching, it suddenly raised its head, widened its eyes and screamed loudly, as if to tell Bole something. Bole immediately judged from his voice that this was a rare good horse. Bole said to the driver, "This horse gallops on the battlefield, and no other horse can match it, but it is not as good as an ordinary horse when it is used to pull a cart." You'd better sell it to me. "The driver thinks Bole is a big fool. He thought the horse was ordinary, and he had no strength to pull the cart. He ate too much and was thin, so he agreed without hesitation. Bole took a swift horse and went straight to Chu. Bole led the horse to the Chu Palace, patted the horse on the neck and said, "I found a good master for you." Like a swift horse, he understood the meaning of Bole, raised his front hoof and rattled, making his neck long, hissing and loud, like a stone pot of a big clock, reaching the sky. The king of Chu heard the neighing of horses and walked out of the palace. Bole pointed to the horse and said, "Your Majesty, I brought you a swift horse. Please watch carefully. "The king of Chu saw that Bole's horse was so thin that he thought Bole had fooled him and was a little unhappy. He said, "I believe you can look at the horse before buying it, but what kind of horse did you buy?" This horse is difficult to walk. Can it go to war? Bole said: "this is indeed a swift horse, but it looks very thin after being dragged for a long time and not carefully fed." As long as it is carefully fed, it will definitely restore physical strength within half a month. " The king of Chu was a little skeptical, so he ordered the groom to try his best to feed the horse. Sure enough, the horse became thin and handsome. The king of Chu whipped his horse, only to feel that the wind was blowing around his ears and the time for breathing had already run out of a hundred miles away. Later, a swift horse galloped the battlefield for the king of Chu and made great contributions. The king of Chu has more respect for Bole. One thousand dollars to buy bones "dry gold to buy bones" comes from the policy of the Warring States period. In 3 14 BC, civil strife broke out in Yan state. Qi Xuanwang seized this opportunity and sent troops to invade some cities in Yan. After Yan Zhaowang acceded to the throne, he was determined to revitalize Yan. So he recruited wise men and asked for advice with an open mind. In 3 12 BC, Yan Zhaowang visited a very talented person-Guo Kun. During the conversation, Guo told a story: Once upon a time, a monarch took out 2000 gold coins and asked his men to buy a swift horse. As a result, I spent 520 gold to buy back the bones of the dead horse. When the monarch saw it, he was furious: "I asked you to buy a swift horse." Who told you to buy a dead horse? " The servant said, "Please calm down, Your Majesty. You think even a dead horse is willing to pay 520 gold? If this gets out, why worry about not having a good swift horse? "Sure enough, in less than a year, someone brought three swift horses. Guo Kun finished the story and then said, "Now, if your majesty really wants virtue, let's start with Guo Kun!" People see that people like me can still get your appointment, so why not worry that heroes who are more talented than Guo Kun will not come to defect? Hearing this, Yan Zhaowang felt very reasonable, so he built a house for Guo Kun and asked him to start building Huang Jintai. Soon, Zou Yan, Xi Xin and others came from neighboring countries. In a few years, Yan became strong and defeated Qi. Later, according to this story, people summed up the idiom "1000 yuan to buy bones", which made people thirsty for talents. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the old horse knew his way, and Qi Huangong led troops to unite the armies of Yan and Wuduo to conquer the solitary bamboo country, and defeated King Shan Rong and General Huang Hua who fled to the solitary bamboo country near the solitary bamboo country. In the evening, Qi Huangong camped out for a rest. In the middle of the night, Huang Hualai defected to the enemy, holding the head of King Shanrong in his hand, saying that the monarch of the solitary bamboo country had fled to the desert, and the capital of the solitary bamboo country was an empty city. The next day, Qi Huangong and Yan Zhuanggong followed Huang Hua into the capital of Solitary Bamboo, which was an empty city. Qi Huangong asked Yan Zhuanggong to stay here and led his troops to lead the way to the desert to catch up with him. At dusk, they came to a place called "Lost Valley" and saw a flat sandy land as boundless as the sea. Everyone can't tell the direction. Qi Huangong quickly sent someone to look for the yellow flowers, but the yellow flowers had already disappeared. Qi Huangong didn't react until he was cheated by Huang Hua. At this time, Guan Zhong, the minister of Qi, said? Quot I heard that there is a' dry sea' in the north, which is a very dangerous place. I'm afraid that's it. We can't go any further. " After staying all night, I still don't know how to get out at dawn the next day. I'm exhausted, and I'm in danger of hunger and thirst at any moment. At this time, Guan Zhong suddenly remembered that dogs and pigeons would never get lost no matter how far away from home, so he said to Qi Huangong, "Horses may know the way, so it is better to pick some local old horses and let them walk in front, so that they may be able to go out." So Qi Huangong had some old horses selected and let them lead the way. These old horses walked unhurriedly and really led a large group of people out of the mysterious valley. Qi Huangong immediately returned to the solitary bamboo country, killed Li Hehe and Huang Hua, and destroyed the solitary bamboo country. The fable of riding a salt cart: an elderly good horse "rode a salt cart and went too far", but the result was "broken hoof and broken knee" and "white sweat communication", but still could not climb the mountain. Bole saw it and shed tears. The horse also "leaned back and sang loudly to the sky". See The Warring States Policy Chu Ce IV. Only by using the metaphor of "sitting in a salt car" can we suppress it. Wu Ming Rachel's "Yun Ji Zun Farewell Station": "Fighting for the truth, not knowing the truth, is like a sword sinking into prison and riding a salt cart. Feng Liang, a native of Nanyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was ordered to visit Du You at the age of 30. He was ashamed to do this job, destroying cars and killing horses on the road, tearing clothes and hats, and fled to Qianwei to learn from Du Fu. When his wife went to see him, she saw a dead horse, a broken car and broken clothes in the grass beside the road. She thought she was hurt by tigers and wolves, so she mourned for him. It was ten years before he returned to his hometown. See Zhou Xie Chuan in the later Han Dynasty. Later used as a hidden allusion. Song Sushi's poem "Catch locusts and the mountains are tired, and you have children" is the second of two poems: "Kill horses and destroy cars, and then die. Where did the son get the luxury to ask about his luggage? "