Appreciation of Shanxi Village Tour

Don't laugh at the farmhouse music brewed in the muddled month. In the harvest month, the dishes for guests are very rich. There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay. The day of playing flute and drums is approaching, and the villagers are still dressed simply. In the future, if you can go out in the moonlight, I will knock on your door at any time with my cane.

Lu You was a great patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. He worked hard all his life and wrote an amazing number of poems. According to him, "ten thousand poems in sixty years." Up to now, more than 9,300 poems of Jiannan have been preserved, ranking first among the Song poets. The main content of these unique poems, as Mr. Qian Zhongshu said in "Notes on Selected Poems of Song Dynasty": "On the one hand, people are filled with indignation and want to avenge the country, recover lost land and liberate the occupied people; On the one hand, it is leisurely and delicate, chewing out the deep and eternal taste of daily life and ironing out the twists and turns of the current situation. " The content described in this song "A Visit to Shanxi Village" belongs to the latter.

This unique poem was written in the early spring of the third year of Song Xiaozong Avenue (1 167). At that time, Lu You was retiring and living at home. A year ago, Lu You actively supported the Northern Expedition of Zhang Jun, the general who resisted gold in the second year of Longxing (1 164). After Liv's defeat, he was also expelled from the court by landlords and capitulationists. He was dismissed from Longxing House (now Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province) on charges of "encouraging Zhang Jun to fight". When Lu You returned to his hometown, his mood was quite complicated, with anguish and resentment intertwined, but he was not disheartened. The patriotic feelings of "generosity is still strong" (Yu Wen) made him feel hope and light in rural life, and poured this feeling into his poetry creation.

The title of this poem is "A Tour of Shanxi Village". According to the second poem "You Qi" in volume 32 of "Jian Nan Poetry Draft", it is self-evident: "Avenue (two years) began to inhabit the three mountains of Jinghu Lake." This place is a typical small village in the south of the Yangtze River, about nine miles south of Shaoxing, and its place name is Xicun. The beautiful scenery here has certainly aroused the poet's interest, and the excellent poems about rural life written in ancient times have cultivated the poet's soul. Tao Yuanming, who is famous for initiating the pastoral school, once described the real scenery in the poem "Returning to the Pastoral Residence", which inspired the poet. Meng Haoran, a poet known for his pastoral poems in the Tang Dynasty, wrote his masterpiece Passing by the Old People's Village, which brought the poet a sense of pure beauty in peace. These are all beneficial nutrients that Lu You learned from his poetry creation. Let's read Passing through the Old Village first:

This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm. Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city. Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops. Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.

Meng Haoran's Passing through the Old Village and Lu You's Visiting Shanxi Village both describe rural scenery, but their artistic conception is different. The former mainly writes about the scene of "you entertained me on your farm", while the latter focuses on what you saw and heard in the village. Therefore, when we appreciate this poem by Lu You, we must firmly put the word "You" in the title of the poem, so as to grasp the context of the poem and appreciate the poet's unique artistic ingenuity.

In the Qing Dynasty, Fang Shu-dong said in Volume 20 of Zhao Mei Zhan Yan that the Seven Laws of Lu You "started from visiting the village, and the beauty and customs in the secluded area are willing to make regular appointments". Judging from the structure of the poem, this is in line with reality. With concise brushstrokes, the poet spreads out the whole article around the word "you", which not only writes clearly, but also outlines a beautiful rural landscape in the south of the Yangtze River.

"Don't laugh at the farmers' wine, and leave enough chickens and dolphins in good years". At first glance, it seems unremarkable, like "prepare chicken rice for me, old friend, you entertain me on your farm", as if it were an ordinary note, effortless. However, from the first sentence here, the poet wrote that he had visited the village and suddenly came to the farmhouse. The host warmly entertained the guests, played up the happy atmosphere after the harvest of the farmhouse, and made a strong foreshadowing for the next trip and lyric. "Lajiu" refers to rice wine brewed in the twelfth lunar month (December of the lunar calendar). This is a gratifying sight after the rice harvest. After drinking in spring, the wax wine looks a little cloudy, but it has the mellow beauty of famous wine. What's more, the owner of the farmhouse is so hospitable and the food is very rich! Dolphin refers to pigs. Here, "full of chickens and dolphins" is an extremely rich dish to describe farmers' hospitality.

"There is no doubt about mountains and rivers, and there is another village." This is a well-known sentence. The beauty of it lies not only in its skillful description of difficult scenes and antitheses, but also in its "magnificent language with nothing to do", which is natural, philosophical and chewy. Bringing this kind of natural scenery into poetry has long been described by poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Wang Wei's "Shimen Jingshe": "I love to show off in the distance, but my first suspicion is different; An Zhiqing turned around and suddenly connected with Qian Shan. " In the hands of poets in the Song Dynasty, there are also descriptions, such as On the River by Wang Anshi: "Castle Peak can't bypass the road, and suddenly Qian Fan looms". There are also poets who are close to Lu You's age. His poems have the charm of the Tang Dynasty, and he once wrote the poem "When there is no road in the distant mountains, there is a village in the winding path". But in the development of artistic conception, it can be said that these poems are far less than Lu You. Through the word "doubt", the above sentence depicts the feeling of loss that Xuxingshan Village overlaps with the surrounding mountains and the running water is lingering. The next sentence is a continuation of the beautiful spring scenery you can see when you walk. In this way, the image of feeling and visual image are organically combined to form a beautiful, moving and wonderful picture. The evaluation of these two sentences in Tang and Song poetry is: "Like a projectile, he is not only good at writing difficult scenes." This evaluation is very insightful. This couplet is not only extremely natural, but also shallow and rich in meaning; It seems easy, but it is unexpected. So it has been widely loved by people for thousands of years, and now it has become a widely circulated idiom. When people recite these two poems, they not only appreciate the indescribable beautiful natural scenery of the mountain village, but also realize the enlightenment of its philosophical thought-as long as people face up to reality, face many difficulties and obstacles, do not flinch, do not fear, dare to explore and forge ahead, then the front will be a brand-new realm full of light and hope.

"Xiao Gu follows the Spring Society, and the clothes are simple and ancient." Poetry turns from scenery description to lyricism, from scenery outside the village to feelings inside the village. "Spring Festival" is a custom in ancient China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Chen's Chronicle of Years Old said that "the last five days of beginning of spring were the Spring Festival Society". In other words, the fifth day in beginning of spring is the Spring Festival Social Day. When this day comes, the flute and drums in the village resound through the sky, full of festive atmosphere. The villagers must also make sacrifices to the land god and pray for a bumper harvest in agriculture. This simple and ancient custom was still very popular in the rural areas of Jiangnan at that time. This poem not only reflects the farmers' desire for a bumper harvest, but also expresses the poet's sincere feelings of loving rural life.

From now on, if you ride leisurely on the moon, you will knock on the door all night with your cane. This is the summary of the whole poem, and it is also the expression of the mood of roaming in the mountain village. What's it like to visit the village? The beautiful scenery of the mountain village and the simple beauty of rural customs left a beautiful and unforgettable impression on the poet. What about the future? The poem ends with the feeling of frequent night trips, with endless aftertaste. If the ending of Meng Haoran's poem "Wait until the mountain holiday, I will come back at chrysanthemum time" is straightforward, then the ending of Lu You's poem is more euphemistic with a pen. The poet confided that if I have the opportunity to go out on a moonlit night in the future, I will knock on the door at any time with a cane. This conclusion points out the theme of visiting the village in the poem. "Knocking at night" echoes the first sentence "farmer", which is not only complete, but also more intriguing.

This poem, which describes the daily life in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River, has a common theme, but the difference is that it is ingenious in conception, simple in description, and naturally interesting without smearing words. The poet stuck to the word "tour" in his poems, but did not describe the process of visiting the village in detail. Instead, he cut out the fragments of the experience of visiting the village and reflected them through the description of one level in each couplet. The first poet swam to the farmhouse, the second wrote about the scenery outside the village and copied the things in the village, and the last one wrote about frequent night trips. Although each has its own emphasis, it runs through the whole village, harmoniously unifying the beautiful natural scenery and simple villagers' customs in a complete picture, forming a beautiful artistic conception and a calm and meaningful style. This can be said to inherit the characteristics of Meng Haoran's poems, which are "plain and thoughtful" and develop forward.