Who is the originator of cross talk?

Who is the originator of cross talk? There are two main viewpoints in the phonology circle: one is "Zhang Sanlu Theory"; One is "Zhu Shaowen said".

Zhang Sanlu is an octagonal drum artist. Octagonal drum is a Manchu genre, and the accompaniment instrument of this genre is octagonal single-faced drum. Therefore, it is made into an octagon, which means Manchu's "Eight Banners" and also means "Eight Diagrams". Based on this, eight kinds of arts are regenerated: blowing, beating, beating, pulling, speaking, learning, teasing and singing. Because there are many forms, artists will perform in groups, and everyone will share different roles, such as life, Dan, net, end and ugliness. The roles of "teasing" and "disassembling and singing the octagonal drum" in the "whole hall octagonal drum" are not played by Zheng Dan and Xiao Dan, but by clowns. The clown's funny amusement can be said to have a great influence on the formation and development of cross talk. Zhang Sanlu is a clown. He has a good reputation. He is very popular with the audience because he often improvises in performances. But because of his eccentric personality, his peers are reluctant to cooperate with him. He can "cut land" and perform four artistic skills: speaking, learning, teasing and singing. Since leaving the octagonal drum team, he has called his performance "cross talk", taking the appearance of "phase" and the sound of "sound", that is, performing with "phase" and "sound". He often tells stand-up comedies, such as Thieves and Ghosts Seize the Knife and Nine Cases. Among them, "Thieves and Ghosts Seize the Knife" is still a famous traditional cross talk. The word "crosstalk" originated in Zhang Sanlu. It is he who established "cross talk" as an independent art form, and it is no exaggeration to respect him as the originator of cross talk.

Zhu Shaowen was born in 1892 and died in 1903. He learned to sing clowns in Beijing opera since he was a child, and later changed to a shelf to draw faces. He once performed "Pine and Bamboo into a Class". He admired Zhang Sanlu's skill. At that time, Zhang Sanlu was nearly thirty. Some of his jokes were learned from Zhang Sanlu, so Zhang Sanlu was regarded as a "teacher". But there is no record of any apprentice. He carried a pair of bamboo boards on his back when he "threw the ground" and wrote couplets: "I am full of articles and I am not afraid of poverty; The history of five cars is poor. " When the audience saw this couplet, they all called him "poor and not afraid", so "poor and not afraid" became his stage name. There is also a five-character poem engraved on this pair of bamboo boards: "Eat a thousand meals a day and stay at the ancient temple at night. Don't do anything illegal, even to see the king. " This is his confession. These two poems vividly describe the poor and hard life of "being poor and not afraid", and in fact they are also the portrayal of poor artists in the whole old society. The latter sentence expresses his noble sentiment and magnanimous mind.

According to legend, in 1894, Empress Dowager Cixi celebrated her 60th birthday, advertised "having fun with the people" and ordered Li to set up vendors and artists on the "overpass" outside Bei Gong in the Summer Palace to set up a stall. After seeing it, Empress Dowager Cixi especially appreciated the artists' performances of these eight "gadgets" and casually named them "Eight Monsters of Tianqiao". The so-called "strange" should have two explanations: one is to praise the actor's good skills, that is, the crosstalk artist said, "if you don't take the lead, you will take the blame"; The other is to praise the novelty of artists' skills and take the meaning of "strange" before opening up the atmosphere. Zhu Shaowen ranks first among the "Eight Eccentrics", which also proves that his "gadgets" are exquisite. Zhu Shaowen has made outstanding contributions to the development of cross talk. Because, since he and a contemporary Yan Tao began to accept apprentices to teach art, and gradually formed "professional rules" in the relationship between teachers and students. If you are a teacher, three situations are allowed: learning from the teacher; Teaching with art; Brother della. Moreover, an apprentice should have a tutor, a tutor, a substitute, and "know" (also called "support"), that is, hold a banquet and invite elders, "leaders" and peers to gain the attention of the industry; Continue the genealogy, Ming nationality, do not forget the ancestors; Sign a "mentoring contract" to clarify responsibilities and obligations; After graduation, you should honor Master for half a year or a year, and all the income will go to Master, and then hold a "thank you meeting". In terms of accepting disciples and imparting skills, although Zhu Shaowen, A and Shen all accepted disciples to impart skills, Zhu Shaowen was the earliest. When he and his apprentice Xu abandoned the wasteland, they answered questions and echoed from afar. A clever fool and a harmonious village girl also formed a "hug" and a "tease". This is not Zhang Sanlu's performance, so he should be the founder of cross talk. For the above reasons, most crosstalk artists recognize Zhu Shaowen as the "originator of the mountain" and respect Zhu Shaowen as the first generation crosstalk artists.