On the Problems in Liu Yuxi's Wang Dongting

Liu Yuxi (772-842) was born in Luoyang and descended from Xiongnu. In his later years, he served as a guest of honor for the Prince, and was known as "Liu Ke" in the world. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he participated in the short-term political reform during the Yongzheng period of the Tang Dynasty, and as a result, he was banished to Yuan Jun and survived tenaciously. When I returned to Luoyang in my later years, I still had the heroic spirit of "Ma Si became careless".

His poems are refined and subtle, and they can often express a deep understanding of life or history in fresh language, so they are highly praised by Bai Juyi and known as "poets". When he was far away in Hunan and Sichuan, he came into contact with the lives of ethnic minorities and was influenced by some local folk songs. He created words such as "bamboo branches" and "waves scouring the sand", leaving a folk picture of "silver cymbals and gold hairpin to carry water, long knives and short hats to burn her" for future generations. As for "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny", it is an authentic folk song flavor. When he and Bai Juyi co-wrote "Ci of Spring Day", he noted that "Nan is a sentence", which is the earliest record of music lyrics in the history of China literature.

[Notes]

Dongting: In the north of Hunan Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River. There are many hills in the lake, the most famous of which is Junshan.

Harmony: set off each other.

Harmony here refers to the fusion of water color and moonlight.

Pond surface: refers to the lake surface. Tan, a deep lake

Mirrors are not polished: ancient mirrors were made of copper. What is said here is that there is no wind on the water surface and the waves are as smooth as a mirror; It is said that the scenery in the lake is blurred from a distance, just as the mirror is not clear without polishing. You can say both.

White tone disc: Describe Dongting Lake.

Green snail: a blue-green snail shell. Snail is a small mollusk with a spiral hard shell. Blue-black spiral ink, used by ancient women to thrush. This is used to describe Junshan Mountain in Dongting Lake.

[Poetry translation, poetry]

The water and light in Dongting Lake are in harmony with the autumn moon.

The water is as calm as a bronze mirror.

Seen from a distance, the Dongting Lake landscape is green.

Like a silver plate with green snails.

In autumn night, Dongting Lake is clear and empty under the moonlight, which complements the bright moonlight. The lake is calm and sparkling, like an unpolished mirror. Looking from a distance, the green Dongting Mountain in the lake is like a small and exquisite green snail in a white silver plate.

[Appreciation]

This is a landscape poem written by the poet overlooking Dongting Lake, which is clear and meaningful. The first sentence is about the blending of water, light and moonlight, which shows the breadth and distance of the lake. This should be the scene at dusk. It is not dark yet, but the moon has come out. If it is dark, you can't see the fusion of the two colors. The second sentence uses the metaphor of a mirror to show the calm of the lake at night, because the sun has set and the lake is not reflective, just like a mirror is dull without polishing. The third sentence is about the green of Junshan Mountain in Wangyuan Lake. The "landscape" here actually refers to the mountain, that is, Junshan in the lake. The usage of "scenery" belongs to the usage of "compound words with partial meanings" in ancient Chinese. The fourth sentence uses another metaphor, comparing Junshan floating in the water to a green snail on a silver plate. The whole poem is full of pure scenery, with detailed descriptions and vivid metaphors, which is very interesting to read.

Introduction of Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake Scenic Area, located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, includes 9 scenic spots, including Yueyang Tower Ancient City, Junshan, Nanhu, Bajiao Lake, Miluo River, Tieshan Reservoir, Fushou Mountain and Huanggai Lake, with a total area of 1.300 square kilometers.

Dongting Lake "lives in the distant mountains, swallows the Yangtze River, is vast and boundless, with clear sand and white water, lush grass, sunny morning and evening, and a myriad of weather". Since ancient times, Dongting Lake has attracted people with its lakes and mountains, and celebrities of all ages have been fascinated by it. In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai's poem said that "Ming Lake is swept lightly, jade mirrors are opened, and Danqing paints Junshan". The poet Liu Yuxi also sang: "The lake is full of moonlight, and there is no wind on the pool surface. Looking at the Dongting landscape, there are green snails in the silver plate. " Dongting Lake is the cradle of Chu culture, leaving many places of interest in the long river of history.

Yueyang Tower, located at the head of the west gate of Yueyang City, is exquisite and magnificent. It is one of the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River in China, and it is a treasure of ancient architecture in China. Since ancient times, there has been a reputation of "Dongting is the world's water and Yueyang is the world's building". The fame of Yueyang Tower is largely attributed to Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052), a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, who wrote an immortal essay "The Story of Yueyang Tower". Yueyang Tower has an excellent geographical location. It stands on the ancient city of Yueyang, backed by Yueyang City, overlooking Dongting Lake, Junshan Mountain, Nantong Yangtze River and Xiangjiang River in the north, climbing the building and overlooking the endless blue sky, white sails, sea of clouds and myriad weather.

Dongting Lake, called Yunmengze in ancient times, is the second largest freshwater lake in China. It spans Hunan and Hubei provinces, connects the Yangtze River in the north and the four waters of Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Tan in the south, and is known as the "Dongting Lake with 800 Li". Dongting Lake means immortal abode of fairies, so its scenery is beautiful and charming. Dongting Lake is vast and circuitous, with abrupt mountains. Its biggest feature is that there is a lake outside the lake, with mountains, small fishing sails, Ye Qingqing River, water and sky, and seagulls flying. Spring and autumn are different in four seasons, and they change a thousand times a day. Among the eight scenic spots in Xiaoxiang described by the ancients, the autumn moon in Dongting Lake, the return from a long voyage, the setting sun in the fishing village and the dusk snow in the river are all portraiture of East Dongting Lake now.

Literati and writers of all ages have enthusiastically eulogized the beautiful Dongting Lake. The Story of Yueyang Tower by Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, depicts the ever-changing scenery of Dongting Lake from the perspective of Yueyang Tower, which is widely known. Dongting Lake is magnificent, and the moonlight in Dongting Lake is soft and magnificent. Even in gloomy weather, it gives people a unique and secret feeling and arouses people's fun. Dongting Lake, with its blue waters, deserves to be called "the first water in the world". Rowing in the lake is refreshing and interesting.

The lakeside scenery is extremely beautiful, and many scenic spots are national-level scenic spots, such as Yueyang Tower, Junshan, Dufu Tomb, Yangmaozhai, Tiejing Building, Quzi Temple, Yuelong Building, Confucian Temple, Longzhou Academy and other places of interest. At the intersection of Chenglingji, West Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, there is a place called Sanjiangkou. Overlooking Dongting from here, you can see the Xiangjiang River rushing northward, the Yangtze River rolling eastward, waterfowl soaring and magnificent scenery. The folklore of Liu Hai's golden toad, Dong Fangshuo's stealing fairy wine, and Shun Di's second princess Wanli's seeking husband all originated here ... Junshan is the most famous lake with beautiful scenery. It is an island on Dongting Lake. There are 72 peaks on the island, and there is a ferry for about an hour every day. It takes a day to travel, go in the morning and come back in the afternoon. You can kill two birds with one stone by visiting Junshan and Dongting Lake. Junshan, formerly known as Dongting Mountain, means immortal abode of fairies. According to legend, 4000 years ago, Shun Di's two concubines, E Huang and Nv Ying, failed to catch up with him during his southern tour. They climbed onto the bamboo and wept bitterly. Tears dripped on the bamboo and turned into bamboos. Later, two concubines died in the mountains, and later generations built their tombs. They are also called ChristianRandPhillips and Xiang Army. In memory of Xiang Jun, Dongting Mountain was changed to Junshan Mountain. Existing monuments, such as Feier's Tomb, ChristianRandPhillips Temple, Liuyi, Feilai Bell, etc. The bamboos in Junshan are very famous, including Bambusa maculata, Arhat Bambusa, Chimonobambusa, Solid Bambusa, Purple Bambusa and Phyllostachys pubescens. The Dragon Boat Festival, Lotus Festival and water sports are held here every year.

Junshan, which consists of 72 peaks, has a beautiful peak. "The smoke is quiet and the scenery is heavy, and the blue is all green and deep." Suspected to be Narcissus Beauty Office, snail indigo mirror center. "I don't know how many literati were intoxicated by this supernatural scene, and the magical legend is even more reverie.

To abandon the ship and climb the mountain, you can go to see the tomb of Shun Di's second sister-in-law. The stone couplets on both sides of the tomb are: "The princess is immortal, and the mangosteen cries." This "a tearful man" is typical: Yu Shun's southern tour collapsed in Cangwu, and his two beloved princesses E Huang and her husband came to Dongfushan. Suddenly, they heard the bad news and were very sad, so they climbed onto the bamboo and cried. Tears drop on the bamboo, and the bamboo becomes spotted bamboo. The second princess died of grief in Junshan and was buried here.

Over a mountain ridge, not far from the second concubine's tomb. We arrived at the "June 1 scene". The story of Li's biography in the Tang Dynasty happened here. There is Yang Mao Village in Xishan Mountain, which is said to be the location of Yang Maojun camp, the leader of Dongting Lake peasant uprising army in the early Southern Song Dynasty. From then on, I ran away and went to Jiuxiangshan. Legend has it that there is wine on the mountain, which can make you live forever. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who wanted to live forever, heard about it and sent Luan Ba, a scribe, to Junshan for drinking. After the wine was recovered, it was drunk and then a joke was made.

Junshan is the largest island in Dongting Lake with unique terrain. There are 36 pavilions, 48 temples, the mountain seal of Qin Shihuang and the "social education platform" of Han Wudi. Junshan Yinzhen tea is famous at home and abroad, and has been listed as a tribute since the Tang Dynasty. There are Quzi Temple and Du Fu's Tomb by the Miluo River. In addition, there are places of interest such as Cishi Pagoda, Confucian Temple in Jin Dynasty, Land Tomb, Huanggai Lake, and Ancient Battlefield of Three Kingdoms.

Dongting Lake is a famous land of fish and rice, with extremely rich products. The lake's specialties include mussels, Monopterus albus, Dongting crab, Cai Yu and other precious seafood, as well as Junshan famous tea, arhat bamboo, square bamboo, Phyllostachys pubescens and other bamboo products, and there are many kinds.