What kind of books should high school students read to learn classical Chinese well?

1. How to learn classical Chinese in senior high school? What should we learn? We are modern people. Why learn classical Chinese? Many students find it difficult to learn classical Chinese at first, so they often consult their teachers.

First of all, learning classical Chinese is an important way to inherit the traditional culture of the motherland, which can help us understand some historical knowledge, literary knowledge and social life knowledge and enhance our ability to understand society and things. Secondly, ancient Chinese is the basis of modern Chinese and the "source"; Modern Chinese is the inheritance and development of ancient Chinese, and it is a kind of "flow".

They are different stages of the development of the same language, not two languages. Many words in classical Chinese are still preserved in modern Chinese.

For example, Shen Fu, a writer in Qing Dynasty, is still using modern Chinese. Therefore, learning classical Chinese can enrich our language warehouse and improve our language level.

Classical Chinese is an ancient written language, but it comes from ancient spoken language, and modern Chinese also comes from ancient spoken language. The similarities between the two are primary and the differences are secondary, so it is not difficult to learn. We should have confidence in learning classical Chinese well. How to learn classical Chinese well? The key to learning classical Chinese well is to cultivate a sense of language.

There are "three essentials" to cultivate a sense of language: first, we should be familiar with reciting texts, with the aim of being familiar with the expressions and language habits of classical Chinese. Reading aloud is a traditional learning method in China. As the saying goes, "read a book a hundred times and you will understand its meaning."

Classical Chinese is concise and elegant, which is a good material for learning a language. Many great writers have profound language skills, which is due to their familiar reading and reciting of ancient Chinese.

For example, when Ba Jin was 12 or 13 years old, he could recite China's ancient literary classics by heart, and Wu Han had already recited the Three Character Classics before he was 13 years old. Second, we should use our own heart to understand, with the aim of integrating "speech" and "meaning" and knowing "meaning" by looking at "speech".

How to do this? As mentioned above, classical Chinese and modern Chinese are in the same strain, and many words and meanings are interlinked. For example, the "period" in Chen Taiqiu and his friends means "agreement", which is consistent with the meaning of "period" in modern Chinese.

For another example, the word "name" in "Can't tell a place" ("Kouji") is similar to the meaning of "name" in modern Chinese, and both mean "speaking". Only by understanding with your heart can you know what you are saying and what you mean, which is very important for learning classical Chinese.

Third, we should actively accumulate vocabulary in order to master the expression tools of classical Chinese. For example, the understanding of generic words, the understanding of the usage of function words such as "zhi", "qi" and "yi", and the ancient and modern changes in the meaning of words.

Learn and summarize, accumulate constantly, and you can master the law. Mastering the rules will make it much easier to learn classical Chinese well.

It is not difficult to learn classical Chinese. As long as we build up confidence, master the rules and step by step, we can achieve the goal stipulated in the curriculum standard, that is, we can read simple and easy classical Chinese. First, clear the objectives and requirements of learning classical Chinese. First of all, we should solve the problem of understanding classical Chinese characters, words, sentence patterns and common grammar.

Second, cultivate a sense of language and enhance students' ability to feel classical Chinese. Third, learn from the good personality, noble moral sentiments and wisdom of the ancients.

Second, learning classical Chinese should achieve "three more": reading more, reciting more and practicing more 1. Read more books. The ancients learned classical Chinese by heart. Recite 300 Tang poems, and you can recite them even if you can't write poems! Although we don't have to shake our heads like the ancients, their habit of attaching importance to reading is undoubtedly worth learning and learning from.

When we say "read more", we should not only read textbooks, but also read books. If there is an opportunity, we should also read as many works in classical Chinese as possible, such as Four Books, Five Classics, and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, so as to broaden our horizons as much as possible. 2. bring more.

It means that all the texts that need to be memorized should be memorized word for word, and it is best to write them down word for word, and don't even make mistakes in punctuation! You must not think that this is just "rote learning". If you can persist, then, imperceptibly, you will naturally master the ancient language habits and methods of choosing words and making sentences, and your ability to read classical Chinese will naturally be cultivated. 3. Practice more.

It is one of the shortcuts to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. We should not only complete the after-school training seriously, but also do more classification training of related words, so as to broaden our horizons and improve our comprehensive quality. Third, learn to learn. Some students think that learning classical Chinese is nothing more than translating texts. So holding a reference book in class is like a drowning person holding a life-saving straw, treating it as a treasure and worshiping it. All the reference books are listening! As everyone knows, these people mistake crutches for legs, and they can't walk without crutches! They generally don't like to listen to the teacher's explanation in class, and they don't think with their brains. They think there is everything in the reference books, so there is no need to worry about this luxury.

But in the long run, the dependence on reference books is like a time bomb, which may kill you at any time! As soon as they opened the reference books, they knew everything at a glance; However, once the reference book is closed, it is like a child who can't walk without crutches and gains a blank face! Therefore, we should use reference books scientifically and borrow them only when necessary, because they are at most spare crutches. Don't treat them as "feet". We should go step by step on our own, and any opportunism can only be in vain! Fourth, the key is to pay attention to induction and accumulation. Generally speaking, for beginners of classical Chinese, it is best to summarize each lesson and each unit.

It can be summarized from phonetic symbols, polysemy, common words, ancient and modern different meanings, flexible use of parts of speech, special sentence patterns, idioms and allusions, key sentences and cultural common sense, and each item can be assigned a special symbol by itself to improve learning efficiency. For example, "① ② ③" is used to indicate polysemy; Use "※" to indicate nouns as adverbials; Use "#" to indicate usage; Use "⊙" to express the usage of conation; Use "≦" to express different meanings in ancient and modern times; Use "=" to represent interchangeable words; Use "@" to express idioms and allusions; Use special sentence patterns … Of course, whatever you do, you should accumulate corresponding example sentences, otherwise, your knowledge will become a tree without roots and water without sources … 5. You must have it.

2. How to learn classical Chinese in high school and what should I learn? First, there must be "three more" in learning classical Chinese: reading more, reciting more and practicing more. The ancients learned classical Chinese by heart. Recite 300 Tang poems, and you can recite them even if you can't write poems! Although we don't have to shake our heads like the ancients, their habit of attaching importance to reading is undoubtedly worth learning and learning from.

When we say "read more books", we mainly read textbooks. Of course, if there is an opportunity, we should also read as many works in classical Chinese as possible, such as Four Books, Five Classics and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, so as to broaden our horizons as much as possible.

"Recite more" means that all the texts that need to be memorized must be memorized by letters, and it is best to write them down word by word, and even punctuation marks should not be wrong! You must not think that this is just "rote learning". If you can persist, then, imperceptibly, you will naturally master the ancient language habits and methods of choosing words and making sentences, and your ability to read classical Chinese will naturally be cultivated.

"Practice more" is one of the shortcuts to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. We should not only complete the after-school training seriously, but also do more classification training of related words, so as to broaden our horizons and improve our comprehensive quality.

Secondly, learning classical Chinese should not only learn to attend classes, but also pay attention to preview and review. In preparation before class, in addition to clarifying the accidents in the footnotes, we should also circle a detailed outline, combine the context, ponder over it repeatedly, find out what we can't understand for the time being, and pay more attention to those different from modern Chinese. Of course, if conditions permit, we should also collect relevant information in case of emergency. When previewing, don't forget to read the text repeatedly, read the author's tone, weight and feelings as much as possible, and be fluent and full of emotions. If you have time, you can also make question cards for places you don't understand, so as to communicate or interact with teachers in class in time.

Listen attentively to the lecture with questions in class, take notes carefully, and express your opinions in time, especially the places that you haven't understood and the teachers have ignored. Be sure to "ask why", don't have no choice but to pretend to understand! Reviewing after class is particularly important. Through review, we can not only consolidate our learning achievements, but also deepen our understanding, learn from others and cultivate our migration ability. Therefore, students must not be greedy for convenience. If you just listen in class, then you may be like a "monkey breaking corn"-losing corn to pick peaches, losing peaches to move watermelons, losing watermelons to chase rabbits, and leaving rabbits empty-handed-and finally, you will get nothing!

Third, to learn classical Chinese, we must learn to learn. Some students think that learning classical Chinese is nothing more than translating texts. Therefore, holding on to reference books in class is like a drowning person holding on to a life-saving straw, treating it as a treasure, respecting it as a god, and listening to any reference books! As everyone knows, these people mistake crutches for legs, and they can't walk without crutches! They generally don't like to listen to the teacher's explanation in class, and they don't think with their brains. They think there is everything in the reference books, so there is no need to worry about this luxury. But in the long run, the dependence on reference books is like a time bomb, which may kill you at any time!

Fourth, the key to learning classical Chinese is to focus on induction and accumulation. Generally speaking, for beginners of classical Chinese, it is best to summarize each lesson and each unit. It can be summarized from phonetic symbols, polysemy, common words, ancient and modern different meanings, flexible use of parts of speech, special sentence patterns, idioms and allusions, key sentences and cultural common sense, and each item can be assigned a special symbol by itself to improve learning efficiency. For example, "① ② ③" is used to indicate polysemy; Use "※" to indicate nouns as adverbials; Use "#" to indicate usage; Use "⊙" to express the usage of conation; Use "≦" to express different meanings in ancient and modern times; Use "=" to represent interchangeable words; Use "@" to express idioms and allusions; Use special sentence patterns ... of course, no matter what you do, you should accumulate corresponding example sentences, otherwise, your knowledge will become a tree without roots and passive water.

3. How to learn classical Chinese in high school, mainly what to learn before the first year of high school, listening to ancient Chinese; To achieve this goal, we must first clarify the meaning of classical Chinese here.

Refers to the written language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties based on the spoken language of the pre-Qin dynasty, and the language in the ancient works of later writers (such as the eight masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties); It does not refer to the spoken language formed on the basis of northern dialects since the Tang and Song Dynasties, that is, the ancient vernacular, such as the language used in Zhang Hui's novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Nbspnbspnbsp should also understand the specific explanation of "being able to read simple and easy-to-remember classical Chinese" in the exam notes, that is, correctly explain the general usage of common classical Chinese function words according to the context; Understand the special sentence patterns different from modern Chinese; Be able to correctly grasp the article and make a preliminary analysis and evaluation; Can be translated into modern Chinese.

This explanation, from the language to the content to the ultimate goal, puts forward specific requirements for learning classical Chinese, which is the "outline" that we should grasp when learning classical Chinese. The specific learning methods are as follows: nbspnbspnbsp 1. Mastering a certain number of words is an important basis for learning classical Chinese. Nbspnbsp nbsp Learning modern Chinese begins with literacy, and so does learning classical Chinese.

That is the so-called "can read two thousand words can read". Middle school students learn classical Chinese, mostly from the classical Chinese that appears in middle school textbooks. These classical Chinese are selected from a large number of ancient books, which are exemplary in language, content and form.

Learning these articles, from the beginning of reading, it is necessary to make clear the meaning of each real word and function word in classical Chinese one by one. Never be satisfied with a general understanding of the content of the paragraphs you have learned, let alone summarize the content as a story and interpret it as translation. In addition, between content words and function words, a large number of content words are difficult to master.

Let's talk about the mastery of real words first. There are several situations in which notional words appear in classical Chinese.

In one case, there are some words that are not different from those used in modern Chinese, such as "man, horse, mountain, stone, big, small, up and down", which brings us great convenience in learning classical Chinese, and it is not necessary for beginners to learn a foreign language. . This kind of words can be understood as modern words.

In one case, it is completely different from the vocabulary used in modern times, and even the corresponding vocabulary cannot be found from modern Chinese. Such as "eunuch", is an official who served the emperor and his family together with those who lost their sexual ability after being * * *.

In ancient Chinese, there are other words with the same concept, such as temple man, eunuch, eunuch, official, official, official, eunuch, eunuch and so on. Due to the development of the times, eunuchs have disappeared. In addition, another meaning of "eunuch" is "the general name of officials" (such as Peacock Flying Southeast): "It is said that if there is a blue sword girl, there is a eunuch."

But modern officials at all levels do not have this title. Another example is the "Ancestral Temple" (the place where ancient emperors, governors or doctors and scholars sacrificed their ancestors, later called the royal family) and "Zhang Fu" (an ancient hat), all of which disappeared because of the disappearance of things.

Words such as "Yue", "Search" and "Xu" have been replaced by words such as "Shuo", "Old Man" and "Instant". Although these content words are difficult to remember, they will not be confused with modern Chinese and can be remembered as new words.

Another situation is that there are many words used in ancient and modern times, but the same part of the meaning is different, and the situation is complicated and difficult to master. These words are often listed as the focus of examination and need to be mastered with great efforts.

We should focus on this kind of vocabulary. Please look at the meaning of adding words in the following sentences: nbspnbspnbspα {① Contact with turpentine, wax and paper ash (trap) nbspnbspnbsp(2) and Cao Du take the line (Battle of Red Cliffs) nbspnbspnbsp③ and take its name of immortality ("Meihualing") nbspnbspnbspβ {① General should drive for nothing (in the middle of the dragon) nbspnbspnbsp2 Mo I want to care (. "Introduction to the Southern Guide") nbspnbspnbspε {① Sitting and watching Luo Fu (Shang Mo Sang) nbspnbspnbsp(2) Uploading the son to sit directly ("Xinlingjun steals the symbol to save Zhao") nbspnbspnbsp3 Sit down; Shameless Xiaomi (Selling Oranges) The word "Mao" in the nbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspA group has many meanings. In two sentences, it is no different from modern Chinese to express "rashness", "hypocrisy" and "impostor", while in the first sentence, it means "hiding", which is a big mistake.

The word "Gu" in the nbsp；nbspnbspbeta group is both "care, care and consider", which is no different from modern Chinese, but it is "nbsp; If the meaning of "Interview" is explained in the present meaning, it is a joke. " "Gu" is also used as a turning conjunction in ancient Chinese ("promoting weaving": "haggle over every ounce, storing inferior things is useless").

It is also rare in modern Chinese. The word "left" in the nbspnbspnbspε group is synonymous with modern Chinese except the second sentence (later written as "left"), the first sentence is "because" and the third sentence is "freely".

The word "left" also has a completely different meaning from modern Chinese in classical Chinese. Nbspnbspnbsp For this kind of content words which are complex and difficult to master, we should combine the knowledge about the changes of ancient and modern meanings in textbooks, consult dictionaries frequently and make more comparisons to prevent the misuse of modern meanings.

At the same time, we should pay special attention to that some disyllabic words that seem to be the same as modern Chinese are actually two monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese, and their meanings can also be found in the original post. Nonsense has a fleeting time of 20 13-08- 18. Don't chew on classical Chinese all the time.

Classical Chinese is 20 points at most.

The content of the test includes: translation, content words in classical Chinese, function words, meaning, general idea of the article and sentence patterns.

But to learn classical Chinese well, we must recite real words and function words, which are basic, and then fixed sentence patterns such as judgment sentences.

And ...

; .

Yes

And so on. Enthusiastic to ask friends about classical Chinese, 20 13-08- 19. At the beginning, you should remember the classical Chinese in the textbook that the teacher said, and you should also look at the sentence patterns of the real words and so on. You should accumulate the content words in classical Chinese that you usually practice speaking, and remember to read them often. That's what I did when I was learning. There is always a freshman in high school.

4. How do high school students learn classical Chinese? Senior high school students should learn classical Chinese from the following three aspects:

First of all, learning classical Chinese should achieve "three more": reading more, reciting more and practicing more.

The ancients learned classical Chinese by heart. Recite 300 Tang poems, and you can recite them even if you can't write poems! Although we don't have to shake our heads like the ancients, their habit of attaching importance to reading is undoubtedly worth learning and learning from. When we say "read more", we should not only read textbooks, but also read books. If there is an opportunity, we should also read as many works in classical Chinese as possible, such as Four Books, Five Classics, and Zi Tong Zhi Jian, so as to broaden our horizons as much as possible. "Recite more" means that all the texts that need to be memorized must be memorized by letters, and it is best to write them down word by word, and even punctuation marks should not be wrong! You must not think that this is just "rote learning". If you can persist, then, imperceptibly, you will naturally master the ancient language habits and methods of choosing words and making sentences, and your ability to read classical Chinese will naturally be cultivated. "Practice more" is one of the shortcuts to improve the reading ability of classical Chinese. We should not only complete the after-school training seriously, but also do more classification training of related words, so as to broaden our horizons and improve our comprehensive quality.

Secondly, learning classical Chinese should not only learn to attend classes, but also pay attention to preview and review.

In preparation before class, in addition to clarifying the accidents in the footnotes, we should also circle a detailed outline, combine the context, ponder over it repeatedly, find out what we can't understand for the time being, and pay more attention to those differences from modern Chinese. Of course, if conditions permit, we should also collect relevant information in case of emergency. When previewing, don't forget to read the text repeatedly, and try to read the author's tone, weight and feelings as much as possible, so as to be fluent and full of emotions. If you have time, you can also make question cards for places you don't understand, so as to communicate or interact with teachers in class in time. Listen attentively to the lecture with questions in class, take notes carefully, and express your opinions in time, especially the places that you haven't understood and the teachers have ignored. Be sure to "ask why", don't have no choice but to pretend to understand! Reviewing after class is particularly important. Through review, we can not only consolidate our learning achievements, but also deepen our understanding, learn from others and cultivate our migration ability. Therefore, students must not be greedy for convenience. If you just listen in class, then you may be like a "monkey breaking corn"-losing corn to pick peaches, losing peaches to move watermelons, losing watermelons to chase rabbits, and leaving rabbits empty-handed-and finally, you will get nothing!

Third, to learn classical Chinese, we must learn to learn.

Some students think that learning classical Chinese is nothing more than translating texts. Therefore, holding on to reference books in class is like a drowning person holding on to a life-saving straw, treating it as a treasure, respecting it as a god, and listening to any reference books! As everyone knows, these people mistake crutches for legs, and they can't walk without crutches! They generally don't like to listen to the teacher's explanation in class, and they don't think with their brains. They think there is everything in the reference books, so there is no need to worry about this luxury. But in the long run, the dependence on reference books is like a time bomb, which may kill you at any time! As soon as they opened the reference books, they knew everything at a glance; However, once the reference book is closed, it is like a child who can't walk without crutches and gains a blank face! Therefore, we should use reference books scientifically and borrow them only when necessary, because they are at most spare crutches. Don't treat them as "feet". We should go step by step on our own, and any opportunism can only be in vain!

5. How to learn classical Chinese in senior high school? Remember the place where classical Chinese in high school should be memorized. This college entrance examination is always unexpected. Remember the conventional classical Chinese phenomena, such as function words, content words, ancient and modern different meanings, flexible words, polysemy and so on. Just by memory.

In order to make classical Chinese easy to do in the exam, we need to work hard after class. Only read more ancient books, such as the original versions of the four classic novels and historical records, but if you are not interested, you don't have to force yourself to read them. High school teachers will ask us to do problems and listen carefully when explaining them carefully. It's best to finish every extra-curricular classical Chinese exercise carefully, and understand the whole article thoroughly when you have time.

Our teacher told us that when doing classical Chinese questions in the exam, we should look at the questions first, and then read the articles according to the questions, which is helpful to solve the problems quickly. It is best to look at the multiple-choice questions about the overall content first.

It is difficult to understand the original works of A Dream of Red Mansions and Romance of the Three Kingdoms this summer vacation, but it is helpful to learn classical Chinese.