Why did the Japanese lose in midway?

1, the Japanese navy is arrogant.

It is a true portrayal of the Japanese navy in this naval battle and the fundamental reason for its failure in this naval battle. At the beginning of the war, the Japanese navy performed very well, especially the attack on Pearl Harbor, which was well-planned, well-prepared, accurate and achieved unexpected brilliant results. But because this stage was so smooth, the Japanese navy was carried away by victory. In this naval battle, there was no conscientious attitude like that at the beginning of the war. The battle plan was made hastily, full of loopholes, and turned a deaf ear to opposition. The exercise of testing the battle plan on the map is also perfunctory. For example, during the exercise, the Central South Cloud troops were attacked by American land-based aircraft during the air raid on Midway Island. The referee ruled that the Japanese fleet was hit nine times and two aircraft carriers were sunk. Major General Yu Yuan, who can preside over the exercise, ordered that the number of hits be changed to three times, sinking an aircraft carrier, and another aircraft carrier that was slightly injured, but was quickly sunk, floated up from the bottom of the sea to participate in the next stage of the battle. The officers and men of Lieutenant General Tadashi Nayun of Japan's First Mobile Force also held the attitude that "we can accomplish any task" and did not make serious preparations. The arrogance of the entire Japanese navy is also the root cause of a series of mistakes and failures of the Japanese navy.

2. The failure of the intelligence war.

At that time, the war had developed into multidimensional space, and information warfare and information warfare had become one of the main factors restricting the victory of the war. In this naval battle, the trump card for the US military to win is to decipher the password of the Japanese navy in advance and know the battle plan and deployment of the Japanese navy before the battle breaks out. So we can concentrate on ambushing the Japanese. Lieutenant Colonel Leiden, who was in charge of deciphering the code at that time, predicted to the headquarters: "The Japanese mobile fleet will come from the northwest, bearing 325 degrees, and we found it at 0/75 nautical mile from midway/KLOC-at 6 o'clock in midway time." When the Japanese fleet was discovered at the right time, Nimitz said to Lieutenant Colonel Leiden, "Congratulations, it is only 5 nautical miles away from your prediction." On the other hand, Japan did not collect any valuable information before the war, and the scheduled reconnaissance operation was cancelled for various reasons. Therefore, he made a completely wrong judgment on the situation of the enemy. The two sides are bright and dark, giving the United States a head start.

3. The mistake of Japan's battle plan.

First of all, Japan made the mistake of dispersing its forces. Although there are many Japanese ships, they are divided into six and cannot directly support each other. Two aircraft carriers are used in the far north, making the four aircraft carriers in the direction of Midway mainly rely on Nanyun Fleet. There are 26 1 carrier aircraft on these four aircraft carriers. The United States has concentrated its own strength, and the number of aircraft that can be used in the direction of Midway Island has reached 354, which has an advantage in quantity. Secondly. The task for Nanyun Fleet is two fundamentally contradictory tasks. One task is to air strike midway island to prepare for landing on the island. This strictly limits the freedom of movement of Nanyun Fleet. But another task is to contact the enemy fleet and annihilate it, which requires Nanyun Fleet to act flexibly according to the situation. Without specifying which priority, Nanyun Fleet was at a loss. It was forced to load ammunition for different tasks on two waves of planes, and later it was delayed because of changing ammunition, which delayed the fighters and suffered a disaster. Third, it is impossible to correctly identify the enemy without paying attention to intelligence work and the means of collecting intelligence.

4. The backwardness of Japan's operational concept.

The United States sank all the warships in Pearl Harbor. Instead, they put down their shackles and formed a task force with the aircraft carrier as the core. Other ships focus on protecting aircraft carriers. Although Japan won the attack on Pearl Harbor by using carrier-based aircraft, there were still many supporters of the policy of "cannon giant ship" in the navy, including the Yamato, the largest battleship in the world at that time, which was kept in Zhudao anchorage for future decisive battle. They played no greater role than the American warships sunk in Pearl Harbor. The Japanese navy is unwilling to mix battleships and aircraft carriers into a fleet with aircraft carriers as the core, so that the battleships can provide air cover for the aircraft carriers, resulting in Nanyun Fleet having to rely on its own patrol aircraft to protect itself. When attacked by a mid-flight plane, the Japanese fleet had to take off in the second wave plane to cover the fighter plane to meet it, resulting in a ready dive bomber without the cover of the fighter plane. Nan Yun witnessed the failure of American fighter planes without the cover of fighter planes, and did not want to repeat the same mistakes himself. He decided to reorganize his troops before attacking the American fleet, which delayed the fighter plane. Moreover, the task of fire preparation for landing operations can be completely undertaken by the battleship fleet, freeing the hands and feet of the Nanyun fleet.

5, operational command error.

The first is to ignore the reconnaissance mission. Nanyun Fleet has no special reconnaissance plane flying team. Unwilling to disperse the offensive forces, the reconnaissance task of Nanyun Fleet is mainly undertaken by the old seaplanes on battleships and cruisers in the formation. On that day, the Japanese fleet did not conduct a two-stage search, and two planes that conducted a single-phase search broke down, delaying the departure time, which led to the delay in the discovery of the American fleet and directly affected the war situation. Second, after getting the information from the American fleet, Nan Yun ignored Yamaguchi's advice and immediately launched a dive bomber attack without the cover of fighter planes, causing the ship to sink. Third, General Isoroku Yamamoto personally led the battleships to battle. In order to keep the radio station silent, he voluntarily gave up his guidance on the campaign.

6. Differences in scientific, technological and industrial economic strength between the two countries.

Japan lags behind the United States in science and technology, an obvious proof is the application of radar technology. At that time, the American fleet was equipped with radar, which was discovered before the Japanese fleet arrived and prepared in advance. The Japanese fleet is not equipped with radar, and all warnings are based on visual inspection. When American dive bombers attacked under the cover of clouds, they could not respond in time. Moreover, the industrial and economic strength of both sides also played a great role. Before the battle of midway, there was a naval battle in the Coral Sea. The Japanese aircraft carrier "Xianghe" was injured and needed a month to repair it. The "Ruihe" was unable to carry out combat missions due to heavy casualties. The American aircraft carrier Lexington sank and the Yorktown was injured. In order to let the Yorktown participate in the naval battle of midway, the United States concentrated on repairing the Yorktown for three days and three nights, and finally put it back on the battlefield, which made great contributions to the victory. The two sides can compare the level here. Japan reduced two aircraft carriers, but the United States increased 1. The contrast between the two aircraft carriers became 4: 3, which greatly narrowed the gap between the two sides and laid a solid foundation for the United States to win.