On the Creation of Clever Association

The creation of clever couplets, like other couplets, should first take the expression of the subject's thoughts, feelings and will as the starting point-only its expression form is "special". There are inevitably some games in it, but if you are clever just for the sake of organs and cleverness, you will lose the original intention of creating couplets. In fact, it is self-defeating and a "fake skill"! The following two situations are typical.

Ps mountain king Dashan;

Qiantang river bridge, five elements lack fire.

As the saying goes, "words must be done", and the form serves the content. Any literary creation originates from the living social life, especially the creation of network connection, especially the clever connection. With the continuous progress of society, social life is becoming more and more colorful, resulting in more and more colorful people's subjective thoughts and emotions: it is increasingly difficult to meet people's expression needs simply by relying on the "poetry couplet" based on couplet rules and rhythms. Then, in order to meet the needs of expressing those complex, subtle and changeable emotions, couplets have made such various breakthroughs that they don't even look like "clever couplets" at all. In this sense, the skill association came into being to meet the needs of the development of social life.

Part one: Yuan Shikai.

Downstream: China people.

[From the definition of the concept of couplets, a pair of couplets first requires the same number of words in the upper and lower couplets. But it is precisely to express Yuan Shikai's sorry for the needs of the people of China that this strange couplet, not a couplet, appeared. Similarly, there is a word for word, which compares the word "life" written horizontally with the word "death" (meaning that I would rather die standing than kneeling).

Network circles often equate "clever couplets" with "artistic conception couplets" In my opinion, a successful clever couplet must not lose a certain artistic conception, and its cleverness is best integrated with the couplet and used invisibly (otherwise it will deviate from the theme of couplet creation and become a fake technique). The following example shows profound meaning.

The first part: people used to be monks, and happiness can become buddhas.

Bottom line: Women are not as good as handmaids, and they can also be called slaves.

Here I think it seems more appropriate to call the traditional couplet creation "poetry couplet" (or "law couplet"). Because from the perspective of the "generation theory" of couplets, couplets are "logical separation" of poetry creation. In its original meaning, couplets should be picked out from the orthodox poems and returned to the poems. However, the emergence of clever couplets broke the limitation of "poetry" and pushed couplets to the road of independent development.

Then, compared with "poetry couplet", the former focuses on "text" in expression (PS: chickens and dogs cross the frost bridge, plum blossoms and bamboo leaves all the way); Clever combination focuses on "using words" (PS: word combination, needle top, palindrome, etc. ), so when appreciating, the former often uses literary aesthetics; Obviously, it is not enough to rely solely on literary aesthetics when appreciating ingenious combinations. It seems that a kind of intelligence is needed more, which is called "wisdom aesthetics".

PS: Liu Tang of Yan Suochi;

Smoke covered Yan Yan's eyes along Yan Yan, and there were many forests.

From the content of creative theme, the former is "chanting things" (including natural scenery, flowers and trees, mountains and rivers, the sun, the moon and the stars, etc. ), more natural flavor (PS: moonlight in pine forest, crystal stone in stream); However, cleverness, irony, or humor focus on "expressing ambition" (including people's thoughts, feelings, psychological activities, views on social reality, some philosophies, etc. ), and the humanistic and social atmosphere is strong.

The first part: the boat leaked and the pot was full and dry.

Downward: the lamp blows to extinguish the fire and blows to burn;

The first part: the ship carries stones, and the stones are heavy and the ship carries light goods.

Bottom line: Measure the ground with a ruler. The length of the ground is short and long.

Why is there such a difference? Actually, it's not hard to understand. Generally speaking, the [living] thing of "personnel" is much more complicated and changeable than the [static] thing of "nature", and such a task naturally falls on the ingenious combination. It can be seen that "couplet" and "clever couplet" should belong to the relationship between "constant change" and "positive singularity". Generally speaking, definite numbers and variables are the unity of opposites. It is precisely because of the ingenious change of couplets that the creation of couplets is excited with the active thinking of people.

⊙ Creation form

The formal diversity of "skill pair" comes from the diversity of real life. Common changes, such as word analysis, word embedding, homophonic, pun, palindrome and allusions, also fully show us the unique charm of "Chinese". Let me talk about my views on the classification of skills I am familiar with.

1. The division, division, addition and deficiency of Chinese characters reveal the mystery and mystery of Chinese characters. A playful netizen once stumped me in an understatement. He said, "A quiet lake is full of hope, and a touch of rouge is better than a hazy moon." The beauty of this connection lies not in the skill of the same side, but in hiding this skill in a smooth, natural and wonderful poem. It can be seen that skill pair is not difficult, but it is difficult to convey skills invisibly, and even people don't feel the existence of skills at all, which is especially difficult to do. A friend once built his own 15 and said, "Zhu Zi raised eight cows in his life, eight cows ate grain, and eight people begged for grain." No one is right. Looking at this couplet now, the skill of spelling is quite skillful, and the meaning seems reasonable and difficult. But this skill is too exposed, and it has fallen behind in artistic conception. Here are some successful examples:

PS:

Sentence: People don't know what they say, but they deny it.

Sentence: People who climb mountains are immortal, while those who fall into valleys are vulgar.

Sentence: Three rivers in four eyes are vast.

Sentence: Big Jinding can meet a tall person.

These comparisons are reasonable in artistic conception, and the analysis of characters is ingenious and natural, which can be called the best in word couplets, so we don't analyze them.

Secondly, the skill of embedding Chinese characters is the most inclusive. Its application is not only a comprehensive display of rich Chinese vocabulary, but also a high integration of China traditional culture. There are a wide range of embedded words, such as names of people, places, epigrams, names of traditional Chinese medicines, idioms and proverbs. At the same time, it is often accompanied by puns and allusions, which makes the connotation of antithesis richer and its allegorical function the most unique.

Generally speaking, antithesis requires place names to place names, names to names, epigrams to epigrams, Chinese medicine to Chinese medicine, and so on. In order to be clever and inappropriate, we can seek other types, for example, naming places by human names, naming pills by Chinese medicine, and so on. If there are multiple place names or names in the same sentence, it is not appropriate to mix sentences. At the same time, homophony can be regarded as an organ embedded in couplets (homophony is empty), but it can't be mixed with reality (place names are proper nouns and true).

PS:

Sentence: Black Sea, White Sea, Red Sea, Yellow Sea, Surabaya, Israel (drenched all night)

Sentence: Nanjing, Beijing, Tokyo and Xijing Zhucheng Steering Wheel (Black Hawk)

Out of the sentence: Xianyou Kobe Cape Verde asks if peace is Turin? It rained all night.

The "steering wheel" in the sentence is mixed with the previous place name. In some sentences, the homonym "Yao" and "Nandao" are also regarded as a skill (as a place name), which belongs to the mixture of reality and falsehood and should be avoided in the embedding of words. Look at the following example:

PS:

Sentence: Luoyang paper is expensive, Changan rice is expensive, and everything is expensive.

Sentence: What is Wu Canbang's monthly salary for holding an axe?

Sentence: After shooting for nine days, the sun rises.

The cleverness of skill pairs is often manifested in the comprehensive application of various skills, most of which belong to the category of embedded words. Why is this happening? The reason lies in the unique function of embedded characters. At first glance, the singer's sentence seems to be no different from the traditional couplet "when things are things". When you start to try it right, you will find that this sentence is embedded with two allusions and a "polyphonic word". The phrase "chanting Buddha with a crooked mouth" comes from a folk story, and its "monthly salary" is inlaid with puns, which makes people smile. My clumsy sentence is to split the words and embed the brand name. It is not difficult to see that the inclusion of couplets is the greatest, so the artistic conception becomes the most wonderful and difficult. Tianya appeared a self-defeating example:

The first part: crab eyes grow flowers and cook the tongue.

Bottom line: The mouse must write the fly head in grass.

It is said that "crab's eye" and "sparrow's tongue" are the ancient names of good tea; "Moustache" and "fly head" are synonymous with calligraphy. Now it seems that it is difficult for people to misunderstand this alternative embedding. Therefore, a good pair of embedded couplets is by no means a simple pile of embedded skills.

2. 1 riddle, broken.

PS:

Sentence: Feng Jian wrote the poem Sally Yeh.

Sentence: Sun Tzu's Art of War, Sun Bin's Art of War and Gongsun Ce.

My book is embedded with people's names, and the contextual context has a causal taste of guessing. From the category, this kind of couplet is also a skill of embedding words, and it also contains strong wisdom and aesthetics. As for the taste, please refer to the "Analysis of Lantern riddles" by stubborn stone Zhai, so I won't go into details.

2.2 About the relationship between "embedded characters", "set sentences" and "unfeeling pair". Contradictions are often two independent poems combined into a pair. The upper and lower couplets not only require neatness, but also have related meanings. Therefore, in general, it belongs to "sentence embedding", which breaks through the boundary of only embedding words, and I am used to seeing it as an extension of sentence embedding skills. With the continuous development of couplets, the value of real life can also be evaluated in turn, so there are couplets such as "the fine feather bird brick dies after death/Mr. Rough beast stone" and "Gongmen Taoli Rongri/Fahebi". As soon as I said it, everyone understood that this is a typical "heartless couple." At first glance, it looks like a set of sentences, but at second glance, it is not. The key to the ruthlessness of a heartless couple lies in the opposition. Dui is not only a fluent sentence, or a proverb, or an idiom, or a proverb. Even a very ordinary sentence requires correct words, and Dui has nothing to do with the meaning of the sentence. It can be seen that the loveless pair is not an ordinary formula, but a special formula. It can be said that the appearance of Desperate Couplet is a milestone in the creation of couplets from passive to active.

[By the way: In fact, it is not appropriate to say "word for word" mercilessly. Personally, I think "morpheme" should be the most basic unit up and down. Then a morpheme may be a word, a phrase, even a name, a sentence, and so on. The requirement of unfeeling is actually to treat every word in a sentence as an independent "morpheme", and it is precisely because of this that its antithesis will be interesting. If we say "word for word", it obviously violates the basic principles of couplets. ]

Third, pun-the strangeness and variation of Chinese. Pun is mainly caused by two aspects, one is homophonic, the other is word meaning, and the latter is mainly distinguished by specific context. I won't go into details about homophones here. Let's look at the latter situation: embedded pun and its relationship with ambiguous association.

PS:

An inch of land abbot Xu.

Sentence: Fish and shrimp are parallel imports.

Two sentences can have two different understandings. The former is caused by the difference of "sentence reading" (inch of land/abbot/Xu; Inch of land/square/Zhang Xu), the latter is caused by multiple meanings (ambiguity), including the sentence "monthly salary" in the slanting mouth chanting. It should be noted that not all "ambiguities" can cause "pun" pairs.

PS:

A phone call is a promise.

Take a shower first, take a shower.

Disloyal and the first words belong to the category of embedded words in pairs. Different interpretations of idioms are actually an ambiguity. We must see that pairs of idioms can only be viewed and understood according to "different opinions", otherwise, if the original meaning is restored, the meaning of the sentence will be meaningless. This is an ambiguous association, not a pun. Look at a few common examples, also belong to this situation:

PS:

Sentence: Cao Mengde defeated Chibi, Liu Huan and Sun Yue.

Sentence: Xi Incident, Zhang Wuji, Yang Buhui.

If you make a pun for cleverness, the conjunction will be self-defeating.

PS:

Sentence: Freshmen look forward to the full moon.

When I make a sentence, I extend this sentence to at least three meanings. But this skill, like a joke at Tianya, has completely turned into a bunch of pure skills, which has no practical significance and belongs to the category of "pseudo-skills".

Fourth, the combination of philosophy and meaning. The combination of philosophy and implication broke through the old pattern that couplets' creative activities were limited to form, but mainly made a fuss about content and artistic conception. If Pun Dui only shows the traditional culture at the knowledge level, then Zhe Yilian's creation has gone deep into the deep content of cultural thinking. The familiar "contradictory couplets", "Zen couplets" and some vernacular Chinese and implicit cuts all belong to this category.

PS:

Sentence: Lotus leaves mud but is not stained.

Sentence: Tug of war, make progress by retreating.

These two sentences belong to a typical contradictory philosophy. This sentence of coffee is taken from Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus", which is just the opposite of the thinking of "those who are close to ink are black". A profound philosophy that contains the decisive role of adversity and contradictory movements within things in the development of things. This sentence by Yang Fei is ingenious, combining the methodology of "if you want to take it, you must follow it first" with the attitude of "take a step back and open your eyes" and the idiom "take a step back and strive for progress" in a specific environment, vividly expounding the philosophy of life, which is a masterpiece combining philosophy and meaning. Look at another set of examples:

PS:

Sentence: Have you ever known where cicadas lead you to seclusion?

Out of the sentence: the monk recited the bitterness of wooden fish.

Sentence: How do reeds cross the river?

These words belong to Zen couplets. Dan Tao quipped to the yogi in a homophonic way: An ordinary question can be expressed in this way, which fully shows the profoundness of Zen, comparable to the traditional technique of "cicada singing/Zen singing". The sentence "Muyu" means to satirize the formality of family monasticism. The phrase "a reed" uses the allusion of Damocles crossing the river, and shows the infinity of Buddhism with the contradiction between "one" and "universal", which is similar to the ancient poem "the cicada sings in the forest is quieter"

PS:

Sentence: The color is cold, and the spring is warm.

Sentence: A gentleman can bend and stretch.

Obviously, these two sentences are completely linked by philosophy and meaning. It is not difficult to find that they also belong to the category of "implicit cutting". Therefore, the combination of cleverness and cleverness will not only have multiple skills used at the same time, but also often show the intersection of multiple skills. But this kind of "crossing" is not a new skill, but it is inevitable because of the different classification angles and standards. Therefore, the names and classifications of 2 1 century skill pairs are only relative, and most of them just follow people's creative habits.

On the basis of this understanding, let's further talk about the relationship between "Zen opportunity" and "Buddhist meeting". Buddhist couplets often refer to couplets containing Buddhist allusions, thoughts and truths. So, first of all, "Buddhist couplets" are not necessarily clever couplets. Many Buddhist couplets are often expressed in the form of "poetry couplets", and practical Buddhist couplets mentioned in famous pagodas can be seen everywhere in real life. But in order to express the needs of Buddhist thought, they had to adopt the form of skill. Therefore, couplets often contain some Zen machines (and Zen machines themselves belong to a philosophical association). So in my opinion, "Zen-machine connection" is the intersection of "Zhe-Yi connection" and "Buddha connection", and it is another example of concept intersection caused by different classification angles.

Finally, I'd like to take this opportunity to talk about the popular "glasses pair". The strict definition of glass pair should be a palindrome first, and every word in the sentence must be "axisymmetric". Only in this way can we write on the glass to achieve the same effect of "looking forward and looking back", such as the above-mentioned "Alexander Wang Heshan". In other words, "glass pair" is actually a special palindrome. Many couplets often misinterpret his original intention, paying attention to "dichotomy" and ignoring couplets. Strictly speaking, this should not belong to the category of "glass couplets", but at best it is just "glass couplets". For example, 16 rolling sentence:

Out of the sentence: smoke makes clouds, Jin Lan competes for mining, and a hundred miles of spring scenery opens up beautiful scenery

It can be said that the appearance of glass couplets is another milestone in the active creation of couplets. However, if we study this low-level skill too much, it will be counterproductive and lose the theme of creation, which will inevitably lead to the bifurcation of "pseudo-skills". In addition, Qiao Lian also includes forms such as implicit cutting and poetic bell, and its creation needs constant accumulation and summary to be handy. Because the next chapter is limited, there are other friends who discuss it specially, so I won't say much.