The prospect of urban planning and design specialty

Generally speaking, the average level of graduates from key institutions is better and they have more stamina. In fact, this is easy to understand and has obvious advantages in terms of teachers, students, teaching conditions and academic exchanges. But it is undeniable that many colleges and universities also have excellent talents.

The definition of key points is also standard. Some schools have strong comprehensive strength, while others are just the opposite, and the majors of various institutions are different, so it is difficult to compare them.

The current employers are also very practical. Like shopping, it is cost-effective. The best is not necessarily the best.

However, some colleges and universities are really chaotic now. Planning major has only been in operation for a few years, and it has actually taken six classes. It is said that there is even more outrageous, level 8. This is a mistake.

2, five years and four years

The major of urban planning has experienced the change from five-year system to four-year system. At present, most academic leaders or leaders of employers are four-year undergraduate students, and there is not much problem.

So the point is not how many years you went to school, but your own foundation. It is necessary to carry out systematic study and training in schools. If you can only draw, it's good to find a vocational high school student. Never train yourself to be a draftsman!

But: equally important, "being able to draw is not everything, and not being able to draw is absolutely impossible!" " ! ",so the painting is to draw, but also draw well.

It is understandable that some units refuse students for four years. Recruiting people costs money, and no one has much time to investigate and study. So you should show your greatest advantage in the shortest time. Most people will call and email all day when they are looking for a job. The company receives dozens of phone calls and emails a day. What do you think? So we have to screen.

Step 3 find a job

Looking for a job is somewhat sincere. I've had this feeling. I received several calls from other job seekers during my freshman interview. Imagine you are a fairy, I can't see it on the other end of the phone! Of course, it is still the present reality. Therefore, I advise all students that if the interview is right, it will cost a little money and be thicker. Compared with your career, these months of hard work are worth it.

Screening units, first of all, cities, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Beijing ... economically developed areas will not give you thousands of dollars more monthly income, but more opportunities and a bigger stage.

4. type of work

Civil servant: Needless to say, there are only a few in each city. In addition to relationships, you should also pay close attention to the recruitment of civil servants. The network is so developed that it is easy to find. Relationships are important, but opportunities are actually more important.

Institutions: There are two types of institutions, one is fully funded and the other is self-supporting. Full funding is roughly equivalent to "quasi-civil servants", and editing and research centers in many cities are listed here. Self-supporting is similar to enterprises, and most planning and design institutes belong to this category. At present, there are problems in the institutional reform of public institutions and the reform of state administrative institutions, and the development direction is unknown. But there are always opportunities to mix with "quasi-civil servants" and have close ties with the administrative organs.

The key is whether you have compiled it. Institutions need an establishment, otherwise you won't enjoy many benefits. In case of restructuring, this group should be cleaned up first.

State-owned enterprises: Many large design institutes or professional design institutes named after positions belong to this category. The unit has a long history and strong technical force, but the staff is overstaffed, and all state-owned enterprises have some problems. And now the management is thinking about MBO, or they are also engaged in related party transactions, and reform is a matter of time.

Various design companies: the good ones are different from the bad ones, and some are still good. Of course, it depends on luck. It is not convenient to evaluate them here. It's best to find a senior who is familiar with them. But there are exceptions to everything, and what suits others may not be suitable for you.

5. Do you start a business?

As a designer, most of them have a maverick personality. Entrepreneurship is the ideal of many people. I personally support it. Of course, that sentence is the same. What is suitable for others may not be suitable for you.

However, the experience of some institutions or large companies may be more helpful for starting a business and accumulate some popularity. Now many large design institutes (state-owned) and middle and high-level institutions will do some experiments themselves. Although it harms the public and enriches the private interests, it is indeed the safest choice and wise move to deal with the reform. People at the bottom should speculate, remember to be clear about the purpose of speculation. If you are short of money, be more, faster and more economical. If you are accumulating popularity, you still have to suffer some losses.

6. Income situation

Don't be too optimistic In the past two years, the professional form planning is good, giving everyone an illusion that it is common to easily earn more than 10,000 yuan a month.

The planning industry mainly provides consulting services to the government and takes money from it. Therefore, in general, the income of the Planning Institute is positively related to the per capita local fiscal revenue.

The question is whether the competent department of specific planning industry has funds. . . Generally, the departments in charge of planning and land consolidation will have more money. If there is a land fund, it may be worse if it is separated. But it mainly depends on local conditions. This is why most provincial capitals are better than provincial capitals.

7. About the postgraduate entrance examination

Postgraduate entrance examination is the most difficult question to answer. First of all, we have to make a few judgments.

1) read timing

Time is the opportunity cost you need to pay. In this regard, Man Kun cited Kobe Bryant (that is, NBA) as an example. Going to school is more expensive than tuition and accommodation. The key is whether it will make more money if it is used for work in recent years.

2) What school do you go to?

In fact, what is important in reading is not the course, but who to learn from.

3) major

Graduate students majoring in road traffic have always had two sources, one is urban planning, and the other is road engineering or traffic engineering. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The former is good at interacting with urban land and solving problems with common sense, while the latter is good at modeling or engineering problems and solving problems with theory.

At present, the traffic planning industry is dominated by people from road engineering or traffic engineering, and many foreign companies are from urban planning.

4) Choose a job

After graduation, if you are engaged in the design industry, there are roughly several places to go:

Planning and design institute

As an auxiliary major in planning, or do some traffic improvement and road design in the municipal office of the Planning Institute.

Municipal design institute

Mostly engaged in road engineering design.

Traffic research

Many big cities have it, and the technical level varies greatly. From general traffic planning, public traffic special planning, traffic policy research, traffic simulation research, to regional traffic improvement, etc. , more suitable for this major. Unfortunately, there are not many good units.

foreign company

hard to say

8. Career prospects of urban planning

Opinions vary, and my personal view is that there is much to be done.

From the past 20 years, the urban planning industry is taking a "wave-like progress and spiral rise" road.

In the early days of reform and opening up, the driving force of social and economic development did not actually form a real driving force for cities. It was an era of passion but lack of common sense. The same is true of cities, and our understanding of cities may still stay at the stage of buildings, roads and bridges.

The mid-to-late 1980s was a period when various ideas collided. For example, Professor Zareba's Lecture on Coastal Cities and Bacon's Urban Design were roughly translated and published at this stage.

At present, the master plan of many cities is considered to be the most respectable plan in the first 20 years. Different from the current nominal way, at that time, many urban master planning teams did select all kinds of professional and technical personnel from various competent bureaus.

In the early 1990s, due to the promulgation and implementation of the Urban Planning Law, urban planning management departments had a legal basis, and many urban planning bureaus were independent from the original construction committee system at this stage. Many planning and design institutes have also been born or upgraded here.

92 was a crazy period of urban planning, and it was also based on ignorance of urban development. It was also a happy year, and many planners and architects made a fortune. (At that time, the "Measures for Urban Planning Fees" issued by the State Planning Commission, the Price Bureau and the Ministry of Construction gave a clear proof of the planning and design, which has influenced it to this day. )

However, the planning of this period, especially the overall urban planning, was very disappointing, which led to many major decision-making mistakes in urban development.

Subsequently, the mid-1990s was a depression period of urban planning, with macroeconomic regulation and control and a soft landing, but technological progress, especially the application of computer graphics, did not develop rapidly during this period. From ACAD 10.0 to 14.0, from PTSHOP to 3dmax, many early graduates find it difficult to adapt.

265438+The first few years of the 20th century is another spring for the urban planning industry. The energy accumulated in years of industrialization has greatly promoted the process of urban development, and the development of the network has made the dissemination of information and knowledge more convenient.

With the gradual establishment of the market economy system, economists and intellectuals in China have gradually surfaced to give directions. Of course, the urban planning industry has also been greatly affected. The diversity of interest groups and values makes planners who receive traditional engineering education somewhat uncomfortable (including myself). . . . . .

9. What do you think of your new job?

All technical work starts from the foundation, and students who graduated early may have this experience. In the first half of their work, they were sketching, learning to imitate Song characters and reciting norms. Now with the popularity of computers, I'm afraid this situation is unimaginable for students now.

Of course, planning is not a drawing job, but it always starts from the basics. Your colleague thinks that "anyone who knows cad can make control rules" shows that you have unconsciously applied the basic knowledge of urban planning to practice, which is the result of your four or five years of formal education and training. I'm afraid I wasn't so confident when I first started learning the principles of urban planning.

Of course, knowledge is constantly improving, from ignorance-understanding-understanding-doubt-reflection-feeling ignorant-to understanding-. . . In this way, a cycle urges us to improve.

Personally, although economics and sociology provide us with many tools to solve urban problems, we are still engineers first, and we should not return the planning principles, architectural design, road traffic and municipal engineering we learned at school to our teachers. When drawing, think about what you are drawing.

Drawing is our language, we should not only understand and draw, but also understand its meaning, its appearance in practice, specification requirements, price and so on.

Have time to draw a map of the area of 1 square kilometer where you live and see how far the reality is from your understanding.

Of course, after talking for a long time, it is still the foundation, which is to make your foundation as an engineer more solid. How to improve is another problem. . . . .

10. What can planning give you?

If you regard it as a goal, if your unit of measurement is RMB, the current goal of a good designer is 654.38+0 million, whether in planning, architecture, interior and so on. It's not difficult (there are more than this number of slightly better houses in Shanghai, Beijing and Shenzhen), so this goal will obviously be adjusted with your experience. Of course, if you want to reach it within 1 2 days, you still have a better chance to buy lottery tickets.

Friends say that success requires four "knowns". Common sense, knowledge, insight, courage. Planning gives you only a part of knowledge, which may be a very important part of knowledge for people in the industry. Others say that personality determines fate. This is not the theme of the "ideal city forum", so it is not introduced.

Career is neither a sufficient condition nor a necessary condition for your wealth.

However, career prospects do affect employees' career. The question is, what else can you do besides planning? If you can answer, you may not be so worried about the employment prospects. . .

1 1. As a girl, what are the development opportunities in this field?

First of all, according to my personal observation, the employment rate of girls in the planning industry is not low, and it can even be regarded as high compared with other industries.

Of course, it is still very common not to recruit girls. This is a social problem, not just this industry.

If the comprehensive success index of women in all industries is 1, it should be 1.2 in the planning industry. In other words, compared with many industries, this is still a more suitable industry for women.

Why do many employers refuse to give girls opportunities?

In fact, it is still a cost problem, which is the result of so-called rational choice.

Graduated from a five-year undergraduate program, the female student is about 23 years old. The first two years after graduation are mainly about study, with large unit investment and low income. Two years later, I will be about 25 years old. If it is normal, I should talk about marriage. 1-2 years later, it will enter the breeding period, and it will enter the lactation period around the age of 28, followed by a long nurturing period.

Of course, it can be advanced or postponed, but the time consumed is the same.

Of course, you can choose to give up and be a dink. But that's definitely putting the cart before the horse! Nothing can compare with the great career of being a mother.

However, don't lose heart. In fact, even if you care about raising children, women can still make a big difference in the planning industry with the support of their families. Of course it will be harder. So it is more important to choose the right partner.

Therefore, when women interview for employment, there are several points to pay attention to in appearance:

1) Dress appropriately. No one wants to find a sloppy person as a colleague, let alone a female colleague. But don't make yourself amorous feelings, it will scare others.

2) Don't need too many words, and show calmness. Nobody likes a talkative woman.

3) Be aware of the gentle side of women, but don't be weak.

12, foreign enterprise, real estate company or studying abroad?

Because I haven't been on a business trip for a while, I have seen many problems since I came back. In fact, there is only one kind of life experience, and everyone is talking about his own experience, but I don't have the above three kinds of experiences. So I can only talk about some opinions from the perspective of onlookers.

The situation of foreign-funded companies is so different that it can't be summarized, but from the point of view of learning, it doesn't hurt to visit them during the internship. Of course, they must have a certain scale and fame. Now many so-called foreign companies are really selling dog meat. A friend of mine also registered one, and then invited a Java student to make it up.

What should I learn in a foreign company? Tell a story first.

I also know that many cities and large commercial organizations in China have the habit of inviting foreign consulting companies, including the famous MKX and the one that went bankrupt safely. They have high standards for recruiting employees and outstanding graduates from the best university business schools.

The story goes like this,

One sunny day, the shepherd was herding sheep when a young man in a suit and tie came with the latest laptop on his back.

He said to the shepherd very professionally, "I can tell you the number of your flock clearly, which will help you manage your flock better." If I am accurate, please give me a sheep as a reward. "

The shepherd hasn't decided yet. The young man has turned on his computer and even has a global positioning system. After a meal, he said, "You have 65,438+000 sheep, 40% are rams and 60% are ewes".

The shepherd nodded with a smile, and the young man rushed into the flock triumphantly, hugged a big one and turned away.

The shepherd said, "Don't worry, young man, come back." You must be from MKX Company.

The young man was surprised. "How do you know?"

The shepherd said, "First, you came uninvited."

Second, you are wearing a suit and tie and holding a computer. "

Third, I know all the numbers you said "(or what sheep to put).

Fourth, and most importantly, you don't know anything about sheep. You took my sheepdog. . . . . "

Of course, this is just a joke. Perhaps the author's wish is to say that foreign-funded companies are "active, professional, mature (smooth) and unrealistic".

My personal point of view is that foreign advanced urbanization experience and individual foreign-funded companies are two different things. The process of industrialization and urbanization in the west has great reference significance for today's China. However, this does not mean that you can go to a foreign company to learn about it, but it can certainly be used as an opportunity.

So what matters is the opportunity cost you have to pay, as I said before. Is there a better choice? It doesn't matter whether he is foreign, domestic or joint venture.

The most realistic thing is income. When you can't judge how much influence a design institute will bring to your future, judge how much influence it will bring to your purse.

Real estate company

Coincidentally, at the time of writing this article, I just received an invitation from a real estate company to discuss some things about its land development, let's call it company W.

W company is quite successful in real estate, which can be said to be a leader, especially in corporate culture, which is very enlightening. They also enrolled many students majoring in planning and architecture, some of whom got good grades. However, you should always stay awake. In a real estate company, what matters is not your technical ability, but your judgment. You don't have to do it, but you must be able to read and speak. And professionally speaking, planning and construction are only a limited part of the operation of the whole real estate company.

Of course, you can give full play to your personal ability, participate in more projects, or take the upward channel, regardless of what you study. Like many regional leaders of W Company, they are all Chinese.

Of course, most of the energy of real estate companies is still in land reserve and capital operation. For a person who just graduated, these are mostly like a fable, so I don't recommend entering a real estate company after graduation. Of course, I mean if you have a choice.

study abroad

First of all, your purpose and your actual situation are very important for deciding whether to study abroad. Nevertheless, from life experience, this is a good thing.

Life can't be repeated. I saw that another favorite artist, James J.S.Wong, passed away this morning. No matter where I choose to go, I want to be full of laughter instead of sighing.

13. How can we learn some planning concepts and ideas of the older generation in the shortest time?

I suggest you look at three materials:

First, the examination materials of registered planners have laws and regulations, examples, principles and relevant knowledge, which can be systematically sorted out. Anyway, if you want to take the exam in two years, you have to review it in advance. (One book a month, four books will take about four months)

The second is the urban planning data set (new edition), which is very comprehensive. (One book a month, four new books for four months)

The third is the summary of urban planning. Now there is an electronic version showing the general trend of urban planning in China in recent 20 years. (still four months).

A year later, you should know most of the planning ideas and ideas of the older generation. But this is just the beginning. Planning is for the future, and then you have to learn to think. . . . I hope it helps you.

14. Do we need to jump ship?

To answer your question, we must first understand that "in China, the urban planning industry is still in a low degree of marketization."

Industry ",urban planning industry management has developed rapidly in the past 20 years, but relatively

Many other industries, especially the architectural design industry, I personally feel that the overall level is still at a low level.

On the expansion of.

Due to industry monopoly, technical standard monopoly and local market monopoly, urban planning industry

Various factors of production cannot be fully circulated.

Of course, the efforts of the industry have achieved considerable results, and perhaps some people are completely opposed to me.

The view that the urban planning industry must also be fully market-oriented is not discussed here.

There are several ways to get you out of the company:

1, transferring

2. Postgraduate entrance examination

3. Civil Service Examination

Step 4 go abroad

5. Start your own business

Let's rule out three or four items first, because it depends mainly on luck, which is uncertain. The fifth item has also been ruled out. You just graduated 1 year is too hard.

Postgraduate entrance examination and transfer:

Transfer: You need to spend two time costs, one is to find a suitable unit, and the other is to let this unit accept you. But it also faces the risk of not finding it.

Postgraduate entrance examination: You also need to consume two kinds of time costs, one is the preparation period before the exam, the other is the three-year study time, and you also need to pay the opportunity cost, because your net income will be reduced because of your study. I also face the risk of getting a job after three years.

Of course, considering that your company will close down or die sooner or later (the so-called tragedy of the commons), the above risks are acceptable.

But because I don't know your province, I can't predict your surroundings. For example, in many provincial capitals, reading is very convenient. In the case of a sluggish unit, your personal market opportunities may not be less, that is, you can still speculate. (In fact, I personally don't agree with this, which is why I think the overall institutional setup of the Planning Institute will inevitably collapse, no matter how beautiful it looks at present. Of course, this is not a

Two years, don't affect your judgment too much).

It should be emphasized that the dislocation of the system does not mean the decline of the industry. On the contrary, the huge prospect and backward system differences of urban planning industry provide more opportunities for many practitioners.

15, how to treat the choice of teaching in colleges and universities?

Teaching at school is a good choice for many female students, with less pressure and long holidays, and they can continue their studies at school.

As for what kind of school you asked is better? It really depends on your own conditions. Of course, one should choose a major in a developed area, such as architecture department in Tsinghua, planning major in Tongji, and architecture department in South China University of Technology.

These are all good places, but they are different. It must be a better choice for you. Besides, the first thing to go to college is to be able to withstand loneliness. The present situation of many teachers I know who have been teaching for many years (all good places, good majors and good schools) can only be compared with the students who have entered the society.

Of course, a leisurely life on campus is very attractive.

Perhaps by enduring loneliness, accumulating ability, gaining a place in academics, transforming academic influence into practical benefits, and using the sales network in Li Tao to sell their own technology, the teaching life will be more abundant.

Finally, I want to say that one of the sorrows of higher education is that it is too divorced from reality. If there are people who really want to teach and educate people in advance, they really need to practice in society for a few years before they can be worthy of young people who study.