How to make Mandarin pronunciation more standard,

How to make Mandarin pronunciation more standard and how to make Mandarin pronunciation training more standard.

It is something that everyone should know and master better to improve their vocal ability (breath and vocal control, pronunciation and correct use of sounds) systematically and scientifically. On the other hand, with regard to Putonghua, I would like to say that although dialects are also used in some places, such as courses taught in Cantonese in Guangdong, as the standard language of China people, it is necessary to train Putonghua in pronunciation.

The content mentioned in this article is not omnipotent. Need to combine everyone's situation, each with its own emphasis and needs. But one thing, such as folk singing or bel canto, is very scientific and effective, but it must be carried out under the guidance of experienced teachers, otherwise it will be counterproductive.

My article will consist of seven parts, namely, oral training, breath control training, * * * singing control training, voice flexibility training, pronunciation training, voice and voice protection, and other matters needing attention.

The first part is oral training.

A flexible mouth speaks quickly. Do you feel that getting up in the morning is not as smooth as speaking in the afternoon or at night? Of course, the mouth muscles have rested all night, and of course they are not so flexible. So doing oral gymnastics helps us to use our mouths better-

1, practice with your mouth open and your mouth closed

Open your mouth like yawning, close your mouth like eating an apple. Open your mouth gently, lift the corners of your mouth obliquely upward, slightly relax your upper and lower lips, and naturally extend your tongue horizontally. Doing this exercise is to overcome the problem of mouth opening.

2. Chewing practice

The combination of chewing with your mouth open and chewing with your mouth closed naturally makes your tongue flat.

3, lip practice (this kind of practice also helps girls to beautiful lips, hehe)

Turn your lips forward, backward, left, right, up, down, left and right.

Double lip ringing

4, tongue practice

The tip of the tongue pushes the teeth downward, and the tongue surface gradually becomes warped.

The tip of the tongue is on the left and right sides of the mouth and rotates up and down on the front teeth.

The tip of the tongue extends outward and forwards, left and right, up and down.

The tongue stands left and right in the mouth.

Play with the tip of your tongue, hard palate and lips.

The tip of the tongue comes into contact with the upper gum.

The base of the tongue is in contact with the soft palate.

The second part, breathing control training.

Without breathing, the vocal cords cannot vibrate. But it's not enough just to make the vocal cords sound. If you want the sound to be elastic and lasting, what you need is continuous air supply to the vocal cords. I'm here to introduce some breath control methods to help you control the airflow and then control the sound.

First, chest and abdomen combined breathing method

After inhalation, the ribs are enlarged, the diaphragm is lowered, and the lower abdomen is slightly contracted.

This kind of breathing has a wide range of activities and strong flexibility, which can make the breath even and balanced. The ideal state is "inhale a large piece and exhale a line;" The gas is broken and the sound is broken. "

When I used to learn singing, I practiced on an empty stomach every morning and evening. Train your breath, not when you are full, otherwise it will easily cause gastroptosis. There is a saying that "sing on an empty stomach", but for a trainer, you should not be too hungry, or you won't even have the strength to talk for hours, hehe. When doing breathing exercises, I suggest doing it on an empty stomach.

Practice method:

1, slow suction and slow call

General requirements-stand firm, look straight ahead, keep your head straight, relax your shoulders, breathe in slowly like a flower breathing in the wilderness. Feel the expansion between the waist and abdomen, inhale into the abdomen, but close the lower abdomen. Hold for a few seconds, then exhale slowly.

You can add the following exercises when exhaling: practice Xiaolan (Pinyin Xiaolan) when exhaling, and gradually fade it; Or count 1, 2, 3, 4 ... with your mouth, don't close the glottis between pronunciations, and don't run out of breath. The more you count, the better.

2, fast suction and slow call

Inhale quickly and briefly and keep breathing; Exhale slowly when exhaling, with the sound, smooth and even. This method is often used in training lectures. When exhaling, you can do the following vocal exercises:

Dad told his father to answer these questions.

Exaggerated vocal exercise: I really want to be back on the field so happily. ...

Breathing exercise: Red flags are floating in the square. See how many flags you can count, one, two, three, four and five. ...

This form is often used for "several treasures" in cross talk sketches, and everyone can observe the breathing of the actors.

Second, strong control exercises.

It is required to inhale deeply and keep a certain amount, and exhale evenly, smoothly and flexibly.

Strong control practice needs a little knowledge of vocal music practice, which is not easy to introduce here. You can recall: Yang Zirong drank and sang in "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward", which ended with "Aha, hahaha, hahaha, hahaha ..." This is the basic feeling. To understand the role of diaphragm and abdominal muscles, the breath should sink when making a sound.

Reference exercise poem:

Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong", * * * "Recalling Qin E? Loushanguan ",Chen Ran" My Confessions "

News announcers usually use strong control when broadcasting short messages. The announcer Hai Xia is a typical example. I heard that she was not excellent when she joined the Beijing Broadcasting Corporation, but after four years of hard work in college, she finally got a good return.

Third, weak control exercises

1, inhale deeply and exhale evenly. Pronounce four sounds of "love" slowly and continuously.

2. Exaggerate tone, prolong pronunciation and control breath.

Flower red, willow green, H-UA H-ONG L-IU L-V (when pronounced, the breath between initials and finals is elongated and uniform)

3. By exaggerating continuity, controlling breath and expanding range.

Reference exercise poem:

Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn, etc.

Breath control training can grasp the four-word policy of "deep, smooth, even and lively" and pay attention to the combination of breath and content.

In the course of my own lectures, there were some problems such as insufficient respiratory support, weak tail sound and insufficient ventilation at first, and then I gradually overcame them. If you want to breathe smoothly, you should not only be familiar with the training materials, but also consider how to deal with breath support in some words. Good handling can help us improve the teaching effect, especially in enhancing appeal and persuasiveness.

The effect of simple pronunciation and breath training is not good, so it needs to be constantly experienced and applied in the actual lecture process.

The third part, * * * control training.

We all have this experience: the louder the noise, the hoarse and tired voice. Actually, there is also training. For example, in order to let the trainees hear, especially when there are many people, we unconsciously raise our voices and soon feel "lost", hehe.

In fact, a good vocalist uses only 1/5 of the total energy to control the shape and movement of vocal organs. In the process of producing * * * sound, the organ of * * * sound retouchs the original sound from the vocal cords to make the sound round and beautiful. Scientific adjustment of vocal organs can enrich or change the color of sound, protect vocal cords and prolong life.

In vocal training, we often use alto, which is mainly formed in the upper and lower parts of the mouth, which determines that the focus of vocal use is in the upper and lower parts of the mouth, with oral singing as the main method. Here, I'd like to mention a little about singing. Generally speaking, * * * vocal cavity includes head cavity, nasal cavity, oral cavity and chest cavity, and these four * * * vocal cavities are the most basic. Abdominal singing is also mentioned in vocal music learning, but some people disagree with this idea.

In training, besides oral humming, chest humming is the foundation, so you can add a little more. If there is a treble, it is best to increase the breathing volume and play the role of nasal cavity and head cavity.

If you want a round and concentrated voice, you need to change the conditions of oral singing. When pronouncing, focus your strength on your lips, relax your chin, open your jaw, relax your throat, lift your cheekbones, cheeks and smiles, and lift them at the corners of your mouth when exercising together. You can relax your throat, tongue base and chin by inhaling with your mouth open or feeling "half yawning", and then the sound from your mouth will be louder. When you open your mouth, pay attention to the folding of your lips.

1, oral * * * training

The most important point of oral phonation is that the nasopharynx should be closed when phonating, so as to avoid rhinorrhea. You can experience it through the following exercises, which are basically based on Kaiyuan sounds:

Ba da Jia Pataca

Pompa papa

The four tones of Putonghua, the accurate name is Shangsheng; The second sound is flat; On the third note; The fourth voice sounded. When we are doing voice training, we often use flat tones, which is conducive to understanding sound and breath.

Phrase practice:

Hail, take photos, calmly attack criticism ...

Flower la la la la la la la la la. ...

Happy rice paper frustrated chrysanthemum donation ostentatious crow ...

Tongue twister:

Five trees on the mountain, five pots of vinegar on the shelf, five deer in the forest and five pants in the cupboard. Cut down the trees on the mountain, take the vinegar off the shelf, catch the deer in the forest and take out the pants in the cupboard.

2, nasal cavity training

Nasal vocalization is achieved through the soft palate, which is how the standard nasal consonants M, N and ng are pronounced. Some people think nasal sounds are nice and rich, but too many nasal sounds are just like a cold.

Pronounce an i u sound and add some nasal sounds.

Nasal consonant mami mu Nani nu

Phrase practice:

Mom, the light center accepts ideas. ...

In the blue sky, white clouds are floating, horses are running, whips are ringing everywhere, and birds are Qi Fei.

3, chest * * * training

The space and energy in the chest are large, and the sound is deep and wide, and the sound is deeper and wider.

Practice the straight up, straight down and sliding of the vowel "A"

Phrase practice:

It's too late to regret it ...

Xiaoliu, planted all over the ground, golden flowers wither and silver flowers bloom.

4, head cavity * * *, abdominal cavity * * *

Basically, you don't need these two * * * sounds in the process of speaking. In the vocal video clip of radish, the teacher asked the male students to make high notes and feel the sound coming from the eyebrows. Basically, it is more than enough to make a speech and training in the chest, mouth and nasal cavity.

Many people are running around giving lectures every day. If you speak with your voice as usual, the voice will definitely make people unbearable. I once asked Taiwan Province Province, a teacher with a strong voice and magnetism, about his voice and breath. At that time, his answer was that he had studied bel canto for several years before, so he used a little abdominal breathing in training, combined with the chest cavity, so the voice could be kept long and round, and the sound penetration was better.

Some people call it "mechanical sound" after national singing and bel canto training. Compared with our usual voice, we have increased the methods and skills of acquired modification, which can only be achieved through professional systematic training. Don't practice blindly by yourself, or you will easily damage the vocal cords.

1. Pay attention to the phonetic differences between Putonghua and your own dialect. The phonetic differences between Mandarin and dialects are mostly regular. There are big and small rules, and there are often some exceptions in the rules, so we should sum them up ourselves. It's not enough to just summarize. You should look up the dictionary, look it up, strengthen your memory and practice it again and again. In practice, we should not only pay attention to the phonological differences, but also pay attention to the learning of light words and vowels.

2. Pay attention to the pronunciation of polyphonic words. One word with multiple tones is one of the important reasons for misunderstanding, which must be paid great attention to. Disyllabic words can be learned from two aspects. The first category is polysyllabic words. We should focus on understanding its different meanings and remembering its different pronunciations. The second category is polyphonic words with the same meaning, so we should focus on their different use occasions. Most of these polyphonic characters are "wide" in one voice occasion and "narrow" in another voice occasion. Just remember the narrow one.

3. Pay attention to the misreading caused by similar or radical analogies. This misunderstanding is very common, because the glyphs are similar, and the word A is pronounced as the word B. Misreading caused by analogy between the pronunciation of radical itself or the pronunciation of more commonly used words composed of radical is also common. The so-called "show can only read half a word" and make jokes refers to this misunderstanding.

4. Pay attention to the pronunciation of different words. In Mandarin vocabulary, some words (or morphemes in words) have the same or basically the same meaning, but they are customarily pronounced in two or more different ways, which are called "variant characters". In order to standardize these pronunciations, the state organized the "Putonghua Phonetic Examination Committee" in 1950s to examine the pronunciations of words with different pronunciations in Putonghua. Decades have passed and several drafts have been changed. 1985, the state published the Pronunciation Table of Putonghua Variants, which requires that the pronunciation and pronunciation of Putonghua Variants involved in culture, education, publishing, broadcasting and other departments and industries all over the country should be based on this new pronunciation table. When using the phonetic alphabet, it is best to compare it with reference books (such as Xinhua Dictionary and Modern Chinese Dictionary). Look at all the pronunciations, meanings and use cases of a word first, and then look at the pronunciations and use cases in the phonetic review table. After comparison, if there is any discrepancy between the two, the sound audit table shall prevail. In this way, the purpose of pronunciation standardization is achieved.

How to calculate the pronunciation standard of Putonghua? The phonetic standard of Putonghua is "Beijing pronunciation is the standard pronunciation", that is to say, the pronunciation of Beijing dialect is the phonetic standard of Putonghua.

Seek the standard pronunciation of Putonghua-the tongue should touch the upper wall of the mouth when pronouncing N, and retract into the mouth when pronouncing L;

The last three are the same, an, en and in are the front nasal sounds, and ang, ing and eng are the rear nasal sounds. When pronouncing, pay attention to opening your throat to let air in. ...

How to learn Mandarin and make the pronunciation standard? First, the main point is to learn to "spit out your tongue." In Mandarin, many words are pronounced with the tip of the tongue indented inward, which sounds very soft. These are the initials zh, ch and sh. But there is no such group of initials in Shanghai dialect. When Shanghainese speak, when they encounter these words, they will sound like the initials Z, C and S of "flat tongue". Although it sounds almost the same, when the tip of the tongue is pronounced, it is flat, and sometimes it will touch the upper teeth and make a silky sound, which sounds far less pleasant than the "tongue spit".

More importantly, nonstandard pronunciation will make people misunderstand your meaning. For example, Shanghainese often refer to "eating (teacher C) rice" as "ci rice". In fact, "pool rice" means three meals a day, while "D rice" becomes the breakfast of glutinous rice dumplings and fried dough sticks.

Let's look at "100 common words": from "stop" to "appreciate", every syllable initial is "tongue"; From "manufacturing" to "becoming a useful person", each word consists of a sticky tongue sound and a flat tongue sound, which is in the form of "warping+flattening"; From "autonomy" to "private affairs" is a combination of "equality" and "cleverness". Let's take three words as an example to make a simple explanation:

"Stop" is the format of "Qiao"+"Qiao". Both initials are "zh". "Manufacturing" is the form of "Qiao" and "Ping": the initial of the first syllable is "zh" and the initial of the last syllable is "Z". "autonomy" is the format of "flat"+"bridge";

The first letter of the first syllable is "Z" and the first letter of the last syllable is "zh". If the initial consonant of "system" is "flat tongue", then "manufacturing" becomes "self-made"; If the initial consonant of "Zi" is said to be vibrato, then "autonomy" becomes "supreme command". This means something completely different.

We can use three combinations of "common words 100" to practice flat tongue pronunciation.

Second, the main point is that lip activity should be active. This is the key to pronounce compound vowels. There are many vowels in Mandarin, but not so many in Shanghainese. Especially in Mandarin, there are many vowels whose lips change from big to small when pronounced, such as "ai, ei, ao, ou", but there are no vowels pronounced like this in Shanghai dialect. Therefore, when Shanghainese pronounce such vowels, their lips are often inactive, which sounds like "inaccurate pronunciation". Because the pronunciation is not in place, it will make the vowels that are very different from each other become similar sounds, causing confusion of meaning.

Let's look at the words from "pleading" to "a" in 100 Common Words, and their vowels are all compound vowels. Let's take "Duoduo" as an example to illustrate: "Good"

The vowel is polyphonic "ao", and the lip sound is pronounced from big to small; The vowel of "duo" is "uo", and the lips are pronounced from small to large. But in Shanghai dialect, the vowels of these two syllables are not disyllabic but monosyllabic, so there is no need to change the lip sound when pronouncing; Influenced by Shanghai dialect, many people are not active in lip movement when speaking Mandarin. Say "Duoduo" like "Hudu", and the two vowels that were originally very different are almost identical.

This "poor pronunciation" situation is also manifested in the loss of something that should not be lost when pronouncing. For example, there is a "u" sound in the "right" of "treatment", but many Shanghainese take "treatment" as "waiting" when they speak Mandarin because there is no such sound in Shanghainese.

The key to learning vowel pronunciation well is that the lips should not be "lazy". We can use "100 common words" to practice from "pleading" to "some" repeatedly.

Third, the main point is to distinguish the nasal sounds before and after. There are two kinds of nasal vowels in Putonghua, one with a nasal tail, such as "an, en, ian, in", which is called "nasal vowel"; Another vowel with retronasal sound, such as "ang, eng, iang, ing", is called "retronasal vowel". But in Shanghai dialect, there is no distinction between "before and after" vowels.

How can we practice the pronunciation of Putonghua more standard? 1. Know the difference between your pronunciation and Mandarin, and learn accordingly. If you want to practice Mandarin quickly, you must know the difference between your pronunciation and Mandarin. Chinese has a large vocabulary, so it is impossible to learn it any more. Many of them have been mastered. Targeting is the most effective way to learn quickly. If you want to know the difference between your pronunciation and Mandarin, you should find a good reference, preferably listening to radio, tapes, TV and people with pure pronunciation. After you find the problem, you should practice in a targeted way, especially when you speak everyday. Through listening to the news broadcast and daily communication, I found that my problems mainly lie in flat tongue and nasal sounds. After that, I will pay attention to these words in daily communication and correct them slowly.

2. Talk often. It is not enough to find problems, the most important thing is to solve them. It doesn't take much time to read some speeches or books before going to bed every night, but try to pronounce every word correctly. Especially when you insist on using Putonghua in your study, work and life, especially when you encounter your own pronunciation problems, you should pay more attention and correct them slowly. Sometimes you would rather slow down than mispronounce, and over time, you can correct it.

3. Make good use of tools.

1), dictionary. When you encounter inaccurate pronunciation, you must master it accurately and cannot skip it. Looking up more dictionaries will deepen your influence.

2), recording equipment. Especially when you don't know what you are talking about, you can record your voice with a voice recorder and listen to it repeatedly. Pay more attention to mistakes and try to correct them.

What is the standard pronunciation of "this" in Mandarin? "Brother Thief" and "Brother Neige" are not Taiwan Province accents. The so-called "Zeige" is actually a continuous reading of "this one" and can also be read as "Zheige". "Negro" is a conjunction of "that one".

So this can't be read as "true" and "inside" casually. For example, "this day" can be read as "zheitian", but it is actually "this day"; "So" can't be pronounced as "beauty of philosophy", but as "beauty of philosophy".

How to make Mandarin more standard? Listen to the news more, and then read any news in the newspaper. You can record it to see if what you say is standard, and then make adjustments. And pay more attention to some words that are difficult to read in Putonghua, because you have to take the Putonghua test!