Correct use of book names and pause numbers

punctuation marks are dotted and numbered. (See Table 1 and Table 2)

List of dots (1)

The dot at the end of the dot sentence in the classified sentence

Name comma semicolon colon period question mark

Form,,; ： 。 ? !

the action point is broken, indicating the pause, mood and structural relationship of the sentence.

List of Labels (II)

Name quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipses, book names, bullets, hyphens, intervals, proper names

The form "() ————————————

Function indicates the nature and function of relevant content.

we should focus on the usage of several common punctuation marks.

(1) a period is used at the end of a statement. A soothing imperative sentence is also used.

① The gate is closed. Please close the door.

(2) The question mark is used at the end of the question.

why did you come back so late today?

(3) The exclamation point is used at the end of the exclamatory sentence.

this article is really well written!

(4) Commas are used for general pauses in sentences.

around the lotus pond, there are many trees, which are lush.

⑸ pause is used to pause between words or phrases that are juxtaposed in a sentence.

The mountains, water, trees and grass here are all familiar to me.

[6] Semicolons are used to coordinate pauses between clauses. Such as:

The ground was swept by wang hong; Li Ling cleaned the window.

(7) The colon is used in the pause after the prompt or before the summary, which has the function of prompting the following or summarizing the above. For example,

I think: Hope doesn't matter, it doesn't matter.

⑻ quotation marks indicate: ① reference. 2 emphasize. ③ Irony or negation. ④ Specific appellation.

He suddenly remembered Du Fu's poem: "ten thousand ranges and valleys approach the Jing Gate, and the village in which the Lady of Light was born and bred."

⑼ brackets indicate the notes in the text. For example,

All the fruits (apples, peaches, pears, etc.) needed in Tibet are shipped from other provinces.

⑽ dash indicates: ① explanation. ② Progressive meaning. 3 meaning turning point. (4) prolonged sound. ⑤ Discontinuation of words.

I didn't want to go, but my mother-in-law insisted that I visit him again-what's the point!

⑾ ellipsis indicates: ① the quotation is omitted. ② Omission of repeated content. 3 words are not finished. (4) semantic unfinished. ⑤ Speak intermittently. For example,

① But the killers at home and abroad actually held their heads up and didn't know there was blood on their faces ...

② He covered his wounds and said, "I ... I'm almost done.

⑿ book titles indicate the names of books, documents, newspapers, articles, etc.

Have you seen the movie The Promise?

5. Sorting out the mistakes of design

From the way of examination, there are mainly the following types of mistakes of design:

1. Misuse of pause between words juxtaposed in sentences

In recent years, with the development of economy, the expansion of cities, the rapid increase of population and the improvement of quality of life, urban garbage is increasing, and "urban garbage disposal" has become a major problem of environmental protection. (Jilin Volume, 24) In

sentences, a pause is generally used between words or phrases that are juxtaposed, and the function is equivalent to "harmony" and "and". If there are more than three coordinate components, conjunctions are only used between the last two coordinate components, and the rest coordinate components are marked with pause. In this question, the comma between "economic development, urban expansion and population explosion" should be changed to a pause.

2. Misuse of pause between juxtaposition clauses

This spring, the coastal area of this province will complete the project of heightening the riverbank and intercepting the estuary with 37 million earthwork, which is heavy, difficult and large-scale. (national volume, 1997)

"heavy task", "difficult project" and "large scale" are three parallel clauses, all of which are subject-predicate structures, and the pause between them is longer, so the pause in the middle should be changed to comma.

3. Misuse of pause between numerals expressing divisor

Three or four miles away from the other side of the river is a shallow mountain, which is like a thin wave microwave, with soft lines and winding ups and downs, connecting high and distant mountains. (National Volume of 1995)

If two adjacent numbers are used together, there is no pause in the language between the numerals, and "three or four miles" should be approximate numbers, indicating approximate distance, and the pause should be removed.

4. Misuse the colon after "so-and-so" in the quotation

"Why are you still staring?" My mother scolded me loudly: "Why don't you go and tidy up the room? When the teacher comes, I'll see what you do ..." (Guangdong Volume, 24)

"So-and-so" can be placed before the quoted words, followed by a colon, followed by a period, and between the quoted words, followed by a comma. If you use a colon after "reprimand me", the previous words will not be settled. You should change the colon to a comma.

5. Ellipsis is mixed with "etc" and "etc"

She is not careful in cleaning, impatient with children, lazy in cooking, and so on ... It's unbearable! (Hubei Volume, 25)

Both ellipsis and "etc" and "etc" have the meaning of enumerating ellipsis, and they cannot be used at the same time. This sentence should be changed from ellipsis to comma.

6. Misuse of book titles

Recently, the column "Immortal Red Rock", which was jointly launched by Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV Station and Chongqing Radio Station, has aroused strong repercussions in the society. (Chongqing Volume, 25)

The book title indicates the title of the book, the name of the newspaper and the title of the article, while the "Keeping party member's Advanced Education Produced by Chongqing Daily, Chongqing TV Station and Chongqing Radio Station * * *" is an "activity", so the book title of The Immortal Red Rock should be removed and replaced with double quotes.

7. Misplacement of the dot at the end of the sentence in the quotation

The photo exhibition "Keep Jinan" deeply attracted the audience. That alley, that spring water, that green grass and moss have become the shadows that are hard to find. It can be said that "dreams are deeply remembered, and every street and lane is always concerned." (Shandong Volume, 25)

Quote the original text directly. At the end of the quotation, the period is in quotation marks. When the quotation becomes a component of the speaker's sentence, there is no punctuation (except question marks and exclamation marks) after the quotation is finished, and the dot at the end of the sentence is placed outside quotation marks. In this sentence, "the dream is deeply remembered, and one street and one lane is always related to love." The period should be put outside quotation marks.

8. Use colons instead of semicolons

Those who wear red vests in the stock exchange are brokers, while those who wear yellow vests are managers and service personnel; This is unified all over the world. (National Volume, 1995)

A colon generally indicates a pause after a suggestive speech and is used to prompt the following, but a colon can also be used before a general speech to summarize the above. This sentence is divided first, then always said, always said that the content is preceded by a colon, this sentence should change the semicolon into a colon.

9. Misuse of two colons in the same sentence

Aunt Geng said to her son, "Dacheng, say hello when you meet someone, and salute when you salute. Don't be afraid of others' jokes. As the saying goes,' It's not strange to salute many people.'" (National Volume, 1994)

Generally, only one colon is used in the same sentence, otherwise it will be unclear. Therefore, the colon after "As the saying goes" should be removed, which is in line with the usage habits. In addition, this topic "courtesy is not strange to many people" is a quotation, "ma" does not belong to the content of common sayings, and single quotation marks should be placed in front of "ma"

1. Punctuations outside brackets are misplaced

In the first quarter of 1997, the publishing house reminded mail-order recipients that their names and detailed addresses must be clearly written on the remittance slip (the name and number of books purchased are indicated in the remittance postscript column). (National Volume, 1997)

The content in brackets in this question is an explanation of the whole sentence, which belongs to extra-sentence brackets. The extra-sentence brackets should be placed after the punctuation at the end of the sentence, and the period should be placed before the brackets in this sentence.

11. The brackets in the sentence are misplaced

In the field, we can see that the leaves of some fruits and vegetables (such as loofah and tomato) are horizontally stretched, and the leaves of some crops (such as rice and wheat) are upright. (Chongqing Volume, 24)

The brackets in the sentence are the explanations of the words in the sentence, which should be followed by the words being explained. The content in brackets in this question is the explanation of "fruits, vegetables" and "crops", not the explanation of "leaves". Therefore, "(such as loofah and tomato)" should be placed behind "fruits and vegetables" and "(such as rice and wheat)" should be placed behind "crops".

12. Misuse of question marks in non-interrogative sentences

Recently, many senior officials at the provincial and ministerial levels were sentenced to death for corruption and bribery, and the people all applauded, but people are still paying attention to what the procuratorial organs will do with those bribers. (National Volume of 24)

Although some sentences contain interrogative words, the whole sentence expresses a declarative tone, with a period at the end of the sentence and no question mark. Although there is a question word "how" in this sentence, the whole sentence expresses a declarative tone, and the question mark at the end of the sentence should be changed to a full stop.

13. Put the question mark in the inverted sentence by mistake

"Are you going or not? My little ancestor! " My mother knocked on my door. "I have been called several times, but you should give me a reply!" " (Zhejiang Volume, 24)

The subject-predicate inversion sentence with the predicate first and then the subject, because it is still a complete sentence and expresses a complete meaning, so the whole sentence can only use a period at the end of the sentence, and commas are used between the inversion components. This sentence should be changed to "going or not, my little ancestor?" .

14. Misuse of question mark in the form of choice

Yao Ming will be the target of attention for that reason throughout the NBA season. What is the reason? Is it his size? His kindness? Or his what? (Shandong Volume, 25)

This sentence is a choice question. Generally, a question mark can only be used at the end of the sentence, followed by commas between items in the sentence. This sentence should change the first three question marks into commas.

Punctuation marks are one of the permanent test sites in the college entrance examination. Only by accumulating more at ordinary times, memorizing the usage of punctuation marks, standardizing their use in daily study, and learning to summarize the permanent types of mistakes in the college entrance examination proposition can we accurately find out the mistakes when doing the questions.

6. Solving problems refers to Tianjin

1. Understand the function, master the basic functions of common punctuation marks, and pay attention to special usage. Every punctuation mark has its unique function, and candidates must master their functions effectively. For those confusing punctuation marks, it is necessary to understand their differences and use and judge them correctly. For example,

"When he saw the advertisement in the newspaper that the graduate school of a university and the editorial board of China Culture jointly sponsored the Summer Workshop on China Culture and World Culture, he immediately wrote to register."

Analysis: This example confuses the functions of book titles and quotation marks. Book titles indicate the names of books, chapters, newspapers, plays, songs, etc., while "China Culture and World Culture Summer Workshop" is just a proper name, so quotation marks that can express the specific appellation function should be used instead.

2. Try to figure out the tone and distinguish the tone expressed in the sentence. According to the tone of the sentence, determine the type of the sentence, and then judge whether its punctuation is correct. Especially the sentences that use exclamation marks and question marks should be carefully distinguished. For example,

After the news came out that an overpass would be built in the west of the city, many people were very concerned about how this overpass would be built. What will happen to nearly a thousand trees there?

Analysis: Although there are two interrogative words "how" in the sentence, they are both objects of the predicate "concern". The whole sentence expresses not the interrogative tone, but the declarative tone. The first question mark should be changed to a comma and the second question mark to a period.

3. Analyze the structure, and accurately grasp the structure of sentences such as choice questions, inverted sentences, multiple attributives and headwords. Punctuation should not be allowed to affect the integrity of sentence structure, resulting in language disorders, or affect the expression of sentence meaning because of unclear levels. For example, the internal structure of a single sentence cannot use a period question mark and other periods at the end of the sentence, and the same complex sentence structure, that is, between clauses of a complex sentence, cannot use a pause. For example,

"Is the basic knowledge solid or not? It has an important impact on further study in the future. "

analysis: this is a single sentence, but the period at the end of the sentence is artificially used in the middle, which makes the structure of the two sentences before and after incomplete. The question mark should be changed to a comma.

4. Understand the meaning. Use punctuation correctly on the basis of understanding the meaning of the text. Punctuation is used to better express the meaning of the text. Therefore, when we judge whether punctuation is appropriate, we should consider whether it is harmful to the expression of the meaning of the text, and pay attention to analyzing the restrictions of the meaning of the text on the use of punctuation. For example,

"Those who wear red vests in the stock exchange are brokers, while those who wear yellow vests are managers and service personnel; This is unified all over the world. "

Analysis: The sentence after the semicolon in the sentence is not a coordinate relationship with the preceding paragraph, but a summary of the preceding paragraph, and the semicolon should be changed into a colon.

5. Pay attention to application. The so-called "application" means that when punctuation is used, there are many cases where the dot and the label are used together, and the positional relationship between them should be analyzed when using. The most common are the application of quotation marks and periods at the end of sentences and the application of brackets and periods. Their positional relationship has some special requirements, which should be paid attention to. For example,

① Maybe I didn't know how to cherish time because I was young. Now I realize that "an inch of time and an inch of gold can't buy an inch of time." The true meaning of this sentence.

analysis: the quotation is only a part of the author's own words, and no other punctuation is used at the end. The period before the back quotation mark should be removed.

(2) If it must be as real as the real thing, the characters are only two or three inches, so it is not real. Without paper the same size as the earth, the earth cannot draw (Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume VI, page 23).

analysis: the comments in brackets explain the whole previous sentence, and brackets should be placed after the period.

The key to the review of punctuation marks is to master the usage and make clear the mistake. In addition, it is very practical. As long as students combine specific materials and carefully train, I believe everyone will pass the punctuation mark easily.

7. Optimizing training

1. In the following sentences, the correct punctuation is ()

A. I was supposed to meet at two o'clock in the afternoon, but I waited for two or three hours before he came.

B. American households throw out 2 million tons of garbage every year, and the garbage "produced" by Americans is almost twice that of Germany and Japan per head.

C. The teacher came into the classroom and asked, "Have you finished your homework? Students. "

D. The superior leaders put forward three requirements for us: First,