Three great statesmen in ancient times and their lives, generous rewards

Shang Yang (about 395 BC - 338 BC), Han nationality, was a native of Weiguo (now Huangliangzhuang Town, Anyang City, Henan Province). A statesman and thinker during the Warring States Period, and a representative figure of Pre-Qin Legalism. Ji's surname is Wei. Also known as Wei Yang and Gongsun Yang ((The "Wei" in Wei Yang refers to the surname of the country, and the "Shang" in Shang Yang refers to the surname of the residence or the surname of the official). Also, "The son of the princes is called Gongzi, the grandson of the princes is called Gongsun, and the son of Gongsun is called Gongsun.") The king's father's name is "surname".). Shang Yang entered Qin in response to Qin Xiaogong's request for virtue, and persuaded Qin Xiaogong to change the law to become stronger. After Xiaogong's death, he was framed by Qin nobles and jealous of Qin King Huiwen, and his chariot broke apart. Shang Yang was in power in Qin for about 10 years. In the past twenty years, the Qin State was in great power, known in history as the "Shang Yang Reform", which enabled the Qin State to dominate the six kingdoms of Shandong for a long time, laying the foundation for the subsequent unification of the six kingdoms by the Qin State.

Defect to the Qin State<. /p>

Shang Yang was "little good at the study of criminal names" and specialized in ruling the country by law. He was greatly influenced by Li Kui, Wu Qi and others. Later, he became the retainer of Gongshu Cuo, the prime minister of Wei. When Gongshu Cuo was seriously ill. King Hui of Wei said: "Gongsun Martingale is young and talented, and he can be appointed as the prime minister." He also said to King Hui, "Since the king has no use for Gongsun Martingale, he must be killed and not allowed to leave the country." After the death of Gongshu Cuo, King Wei Hui said to Gongsun Yang. Shucuo ignored the request and did not do it. When Gongsun Yang heard that Qin Xiaogong ordered the wise men in the country to regain the lost land of Qin, he went to Qin with Li Kui's "Book of Dharma". Shang Yang, his favorite minister Jing Jian, met Qin Xiaogong four times and proposed four monarch strategies: imperial way, royal way, hegemony, and the way of strengthening the country. The way of making a strong country became the foundation of Qin's prosperity. Zuo Shuzhang started the reform and was later promoted to Daliang Zao.

Bringing up the reform

In 359 BC, when Shang Yang was assisting Qin Xiaogong in brewing the reform, representatives of the old aristocracy Qianlong and Du Zhi. They rose up to oppose the reform. They believed that if the benefits are not enough, the law cannot be changed, and if the merits are not enough, the tools cannot be changed. How to follow the etiquette?" "If you don't follow the ancient rules, your country will not follow the ancients. The kings of Tang and Wu prospered without following the ancients. However, those who followed the ancients are not necessarily wrong. "Yes." Therefore, he advocated "legislation at the time and etiquette according to the situation" ("Book of Shang Jun·Gengfa Chapter" and "Historical Records·Biography of Shang Jun"). This refutes the so-called "law" of the old aristocrats based on the idea of ??historical evolution. The idea of ??restoring ancient times and "following rites" prepared public opinion for the implementation of the reform.

Implementing the reform

In the thirteenth year (356 BC) and the nineteenth year (356 BC) of King Zhou Xian, In 350 BC), two reforms were carried out. The content of the reform was to "abolish well fields, open roads, implement the system of counties and counties, reward production and war, register the household registration system, and implement the law of continuous sitting." At this time, the prince broke the law, and Shang Yang said: "The law." If he can't do it, he will commit the crime from above." The prince Qian and his teacher Gongsun Jia were punished. In the 16th year of Qin Xiaogong (346 BC), the prince Qian broke the law again, and Shang Yang punished him by cutting off his nose. On the day of the Reform. For a long time, the people of Qin were very happy. There were no relics on the road of Qin, and there were no thieves in the mountains. In 340 BC, he led the Qin and Zhao troops to defeat General Ang, the son of Wei. Wei cut the land west of Hexi from Qin and moved the people to Daliang. At this time, King Hui of Wei became very angry. : "I hate not to use Gongshu Cuo's words." Wei Yang was granted the title of Fifteen Towns of Shang Dynasty for his merits.

Being punished by chariots

Shang Jun's methods were too harsh and unkind. , established the law of continuous sitting, formulated strict laws, increased corporal punishment, large-scale incision, and included the punishment of chiseling the top, pulling out the ribs, and cooking in a wok. In particular, the military merit title system caused a lot of resentment among the Qin nobles. Zhao Liang, a duke of the Qin State, persuaded Shang Jun that he had too deep grudges and should "return to the fifteenth capital and irrigate the gardens to be humble" and "not be greedy for business and wealth, and do not favor the teachings of the Qin State", but Shang Yang did not listen. In 338 BC, Duke Xiao of Qin died and King Huiwen came to the throne. His son Qian accused Shang Yang of treason. Shang Yang fled to the border and wanted to stay in a guest house. However, because he did not show his ID, the innkeeper was afraid of "sitting together" and did not dare to stay. He wanted to flee to Wei, but Wei Because Shang Yang broke his promise and attacked Wei Shuai, he was unwilling to take him in. Later, Shang Yang returned to Shang Yi and sent his troops to the north to attack the state of Zheng. The state of Qin sent troops to fight against him and killed him in Lianchi of Zheng state. After his death, he was punished by King Hui of Qin in Tong, and the clan of Lord Shang was destroyed.

Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, nickname Wolong (also known as Fulong), Han nationality, native of Langya Yangdu (now Yinan County, Linyi City, Shandong Province), prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, an outstanding politician, strategist, Inventor and writer. He was named Marquis of Wuxiang when he was alive, and was posthumously named Marquis of Zhongwu after his death. Later, the Eastern Jin Dynasty respected Zhuge Liang's military talents and named him King Wuxing. In order to support the Shu Han regime, Zhuge Liang worked hard, dedicated his life, and died.

His representative works include "Execution of the Master", "Late Master", "Book of Commandments", etc. He invented the wooden ox and the horse, etc., and modified the repeating crossbow so that one crossbow can fire ten arrows. Zhuge Liang was greatly respected in later generations and became a model of loyal ministers and the embodiment of wisdom. There is the Wuhou Temple in Chengdu, and Du Fu wrote the famous poem "The Prime Minister of Shu" to praise Zhuge Liang.

Biography of the character

Plowing Longmu

Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu County, Langye County in the fourth year of Emperor Guanghe of the Han Dynasty (AD 181). A Family of Officials Zhuge Liang in the 2010 new edition of "Three Kingdoms", the Zhuge family is a Han nationality from Langye, his ancestor Zhuge Feng once served as a Sili school captain during the Yuan Dynasty of the Western Han Dynasty, and Zhuge Liang's father Zhuge Gui served as the magistrate of Taishan County in the late Eastern Han Dynasty; Zhuge Liang His mother Zhang died of illness when he was 3 years old, and Zhuge Liang lost his father when he was 8 years old. Together with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, they followed their uncle Zhuge Xuan, who was appointed by Yuan Shu as the prefect of Yuzhang, to take up his post in Yuzhang. The Eastern Han Dynasty court sent Zhu Hao to replace Zhuge Xuan, and Zhuge Xuan went to Yuzhang. He went to Liu Biao of Jingzhou, and his home was in Deng County, Nanyang County, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City. His nickname was Longzhong.

In the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan died of illness; Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty had escaped from Chang'an Li Jue and moved to Cao Cao's Xu County. Zhuge Liang was 16 years old at this time. He often read "The Song of Liang Father" and often compared himself with Guan Zhong and Le Yi. People at that time looked down upon him. Only his friends Xu Shu and Cui Zhouping believed in his talent. Known as "Wolong". He had friendships with Sima Hui, Pang Degong, Huang Chengyan and other celebrities in Xiangyang at that time. Huang Chengyan once said to Zhuge Liang: "I heard that you are choosing a wife; I have an ugly girl with yellow hair and black hair, but her talents match her. You match.)" Zhuge Liang agreed to the marriage and married her immediately. People at that time made fun of it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the countryside: "Don't be like Kong Ming in choosing a wife, or you will get an ugly girl like A Cheng."

Long Zhong's pair

"Long "Zhong Dui" was originally called "Thatched Cottage Dui". It is the content of the first meeting between Zhuge Liang and Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. It is selected from "Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Zhuge Liang Biography". From the winter of 207 to the spring of 208, Liu Bei, who was stationed in Xinye at that time, visited Zhuge Liang three times at the Longzhong Thatched Cottage on Xu Shu's suggestion. I didn't see Zhuge Liang the first two times, but I finally saw him the third time. In "Longzhong Dui", Zhuge Liang analyzed the world situation for Liu Bei and proposed the strategic concept of taking Jingzhou as his home first, then taking Yizhou to form a tripartite force, and then trying to seize the Central Plains. After three visits to the thatched cottage, Zhuge Liang came out to become Liu Bei's military advisor. All subsequent strategies of Liu Bei's group were based on this. "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms·The Chronicles of Shu·The Biography of Zhuge Liang"

Original text

Liang Gong cultivated Longmu, so that he could write "Liang Fu Yin". He was eight feet long, and when he was compared to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, no one at that time allowed him to do so. However, Cui Zhouping of Boling and Xu Shu of Yingchuan and Yuanzhi were friendly to Liang, and they were said to be trustworthy.

At that time, he first settled in Xinye. When Xu Shu saw the late master, he took charge of his weapon and said to the late master, "Zhuge Kongming is a crouching dragon. How can the general want to see him?" The late master said, "You are here with me." The concubine said, "This man can be here. See, you can't give in. The general should take care of it in vain."

Zhuge Liang in the game is the first to see Liang. Yinping people said: "The Han Dynasty collapsed, traitors stole their lives, and the Lord was covered in dust. I did not measure my virtues and abilities, and wanted to believe in righteousness in the world. However, my wisdom and skills were shallow, so I used them rampantly. As of today. However, my ambition is still not over. "What do you think the plan will be?" Liang replied: "Since Dong Zhuo's arrival, there have been countless heroes who have joined forces across states. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao's reputation is small and he is outnumbered. However, Cao Cao was able to conquer Shao and use the weak to become strong. It was not only due to the timing of the situation, but also due to human conspiracy. Now Cao Cao has millions of people and uses the emperor to command the princes. He cannot compete with Sun Quan for his control of Jiangdong. After three generations, the country is in danger but the people are rich, and the virtuous people can be used for it. This can be used as support but not as an aid. The master cannot defend it, so the general is destined to be a general. Doesn't the general have any intention? A wise man thinks of a wise king. A general is the leader of the emperor's family. He is faithful to the world. He takes charge of heroes. He is thirsty for talents. If there are thorns and benefits across the road, he will protect the rocks and obstacles. He will conquer the Rong in the west and the Yiyue in the south. Make good friends with Sun Quan externally and cultivate political principles internally. If there is a change in the world, order a general to lead the army of Jingzhou to Wan and Luo. The general will lead the army of Yizhou out of Qinchuan. Who of the people dares not to eat the pulp from the pot? To welcome the general? If so, the hegemony will be achieved and the Han Dynasty will be prosperous. "

The First Master said: "Good!" So the relationship with Liang became closer.

Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were dissatisfied. The First Master explained: "The solitary one has a hole, just like a fish has water. I hope you will not say anything more." The feathers and flying stopped.

The Battle of Chibi

At that time, Liu Biao's wife, Liu Qi's stepmother Cai Shi, made repeated slanders, and Liu Biao gradually became dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang several times for advice on how to stabilize himself, but Zhuge Liang refused every time. During a banquet, Liu Qi used the strategy of going up to the house to take out the ladder and asked Zhuge Liang to come up with a solution. Zhuge Liang then asked Liu Qi: "Don't you see that Shen Sheng is in danger?" , How can Chong'er be safe outside? (Don't you see that in the Spring and Autumn Period, Shen Sheng was inside and in danger, but Chong'er (referring to Jin Wengong) was safe outside?)" At that time, Huang Zu was killed by Soochow, and Liu Qi recommended it. He sought self-protection for the Jiangxia prefect. In August of the thirteenth year of Zhuge Liang's Jian'an period (208) in Romance of the Three Kingdoms 12, Liu Biao died of illness, and his second son Liu Cong succeeded him. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent envoys to surrender. After Liu Bei found out about it in Fancheng, he led his army and people to flee south. Cao Jun caught up with Liu Jun at Changban in Dangyang.

Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, and Sun Quan had previously sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to seek help from Sun Quan. Zhuge Liang then recommended himself to Chaisang as a lobbyist and became friends with Lu Su; upon arriving at Chaisang After Sang, Zhuge Liang met with Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices based on the dichotomy: "If you can compete with China with the army of Wu and Yue, it is better to defeat them early (if you can compete with the country of the Central Plains with the military power of Wu and Yue) , it is better to break off relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible)"; another option is to provoke the general, "If you can't take it, why not put up your armor and attack from the north! (If you think you can't resist, why not stop military operations and surrender to the north! "North" here has a double meaning: one is that Cao Cao was in the north at the time; the other is that when the monarch and his ministers meet, the ministers usually face the north.)" Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei did not surrender. Zhuge Liang then raised Liu Bei's status, saying that Liu Bei had integrity and would never surrender, in order to show Liu Bei's determination to Sun Quan. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei still had to fight. Zhuge Liang in the 1994 CCTV version of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. He first said that the stragglers from the army had returned and that Guan Yu's navy had tens of thousands of soldiers. In addition, Liu Qifan and Jiangxia's soldiers also had no less than ten thousand soldiers. Then he said that Cao Jun was far away. When Lai was tired and chasing Liu Bei, he used light cavalry to travel more than 300 miles in a day and a night. It was "at the end of the strong crossbow, and the force could not penetrate Lu Zhen"; and the northerners were not used to water warfare, and the people of Jingzhou were forced to obey Cao Cao, not Convinced; and finally said with certainty that Cao Cao can definitely be defeated. Sun Quan was very happy. Later, he was persuaded by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to join forces with Liu to fight against Cao Cao. He sent Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu, Lu Su and others to lead 30,000 naval troops to go to war with Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army; in November, Cao Cao's army was attacked by Sun and Liu's coalition forces in Chibi. A plague broke out in the army, so it was defeated and he returned to the north.

Enough food and sufficient troops

After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei pacified the four counties of Jingnan in December and appointed Zhuge Liang as the military advisor Zhonglang General. He lived in Linxian and commanded Ling Ling. Ling, Guiyang, and Changsha counties were responsible for adjusting taxes and enriching military resources. In the 16th year of the founding of the Three Kingdoms (211), Yizhou Mu Liu Zhang sent Fazheng and Meng Da to ask Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others guarded Jingzhou. By December of the following year, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and also attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help, leaving Guan Yu in charge of the defense of Jingzhou, dividing his troops to pacify various counties, and together with Liu Bei besieged Chengdu. In the 19th year of Jian'an (214), Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei took control of Yizhou.

Zhuge Liang received five hundred catties of gold, one thousand catties of silver, fifty million yuan, and one thousand pieces of brocade. He was also appointed as military advisor general and assigned to the left general's office.

Whenever Liu Bei sent out troops to conquer, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with enough food and troops. For example, in the Battle of Hanzhong, he provided financial aid for Liu Bei.

In the first year of Yankang (220), the first year of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established itself. In the second year of Wei Huangchu (221), the ministers heard the news of the murder of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and persuaded Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to ascend the throne as emperor. Liu Bei did not agree. Zhuge Liang used the story of Geng Chun to persuade Liu Xiu to ascend the throne to persuade Liu Bei. So Liu Bei agreed, appointing Zhuge Liang as prime minister, recording ministerial affairs, and taking a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei was killed, and Zhuge Liang took the post of Sili Xiaowei.

White Emperor City Tuogu

In August of the second year of Zhangwu (222), Liu Bei was defeated during the Eastern Expedition to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yong'an. Zhuge Liang sighed: "What a pity. Fa Zheng died, otherwise Liu Bei's eastward expedition would be stopped.

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1994 CCTV version of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" In February of the third year of Zhangwu (223) when Bai Di Tuogu came to Zhangwu, Liu Bei was seriously ill and summoned Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to take care of the funeral affairs with Li Yan. He said: "You are ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will surely be able to bring peace to the country and achieve great success." If the heir can assist, then assist him; if he is not talented, you can take it yourself. [Your talents are ten times that of Cao Pi. You will definitely be able to settle the country and achieve great things. If the heir (Liu Chan) can help, then help him; if he has no talent, you can help him yourself. ]" Zhuge Liang cried and said: "How dare I continue to exert all my strength and loyalty to my chastity, and then die! "Liu Bei also asked Liu Chan to regard Zhuge Liang as his father.

In April, Liu Bei passed away and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne. He named Zhuge Liang the Marquis of Wuxiang and opened an official office. Soon, he took over the post of Yizhou Shepherd and took charge of political matters. Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang for all matters. Originally, the Nanzhong region took the opportunity to rebel due to Liu Bei's death. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Chen Zhen to repair the situation in Soochow.

Southern Expedition

Until the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led his army on the southern expedition. Before leaving, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Liang a golden axe, a curved cover, and two feathers and drums on the front and rear. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: Barma is today's northern Myanmar) to attack Yong Kai and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang adopted Ma Su's suggestion to join the army, focusing on attacking the heart, first defeating Yong Kai's army, and then seven After capturing Meng Huo seven times and quelling all the chaos in the autumn, the Shu Han Dynasty settled down in Nanzhong and obtained a certain supply of troops. After a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation for the Northern Expedition.

1. In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228 years), Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took the Xiegu Road to capture the camp. He asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to set up suspicious troops to attract Cao Zhen's heavy troops, and he led his army to attack Qishan (now Nan'an in the northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). The three counties of Tianshui, Tianshui and Anding rebelled against Wei and defeated Ma Su in Jieting. This was the first time Zhuge Liang came out of Qishan in the 1994 CCTV version of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". 2. In the winter of the same year, Zhuge Liang left Sanguan (southwest of today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) and surrounded Chencang (east of today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). He ran out of food and returned to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang came to pursue him and was killed.

3 In the spring of the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (surrounding today's Chengxian County, Gansu Province) and Yinping (surrounding today's Wenxian County, Gansu Province) counties. Guo Huai, the governor of Yongzhou, led troops to rescue them. Arriving at Jianwei (today's west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), Guo Huai retreated and captured two counties.

4. In the autumn of the eighth year of Jianxing (230), the Wei army attacked Hanzhong in three directions, and Sima Yi left. In Xicheng (now northwest of Ankang City, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went through the Ziwu Valley and Cao Zhen went through the Xie Valley. Zhuge Liang stationed his troops in Chenggu (east of today's Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Chiban (twenty miles east of today's Yang County, Shaanxi Province). After more than thirty days, the Wei army retreated. In the same year, Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu Yi west into the Qiangzhong, and defeated Wei Hou General Fei Yao (Yao) and Yongzhou Governor Guo Huai in Yangxi (Nan'an County, southwest of present-day Wushan, Gansu Province). ).

5. In February of the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang led his army to attack Qishan, and Cao Zhen was seriously ill. Zhuge Liang, the commander of Guanzhong, refused to cut wheat. In Shanggui (now Tianshui County, Gansu Province), Sima Yi pursued Liang to Lucheng (between today's Tianshui City and Gangu, Gansu Province) and dug a camp to defend himself. In the fifth month, Zhuge Liang envoys. Wei Yan, Gao Xiang, and Wu Ban went to resist and defeated Sima Yi. The Han army gained 3,000 rank-level soldiers, 5,000 black armor leaders, and 3,100 horned crossbows. So Xuan Wang Sima Yi returned to the camp in June, and Li Yan was responsible for transporting grain. However, Zhang He chased Liang and retreated to Mumen, where he was killed by an arrow.

6. In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang led his army out of Xiegu Road. , according to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (today's south of Qishan, Shaanxi Province), he settled in Weibin. During this period, Zhuge Liang repeatedly sent envoys to write letters of war and decorated women with women to anger King Xuan Sima Yi. However, Sima Yi endured the humiliation and refused to leave, and said " The ingenious plan of traveling thousands of miles to fight will calm the general's anger.

Died of illness in Wuzhangyuan

In August, Zhuge Liang died of illness in Wuzhangyuan. When Yang Yi and others returned with their troops, there was an incident of "dead Zhuge scaring away the living Zhongda".

Of these six military campaigns, only two were sent out of Qishan; the fourth time was when the Wei army took the initiative to attack and the Shu army defended. Due to continuous heavy rains and flash floods that destroyed the plank roads, Shu and Wei did not fight.

Zhang Juzheng (1525-1582), a Han nationality, was originally from Jiangling, Huguang (now part of Hubei). His courtesy name is Shuda, his junior name is Zhang Baigui, also known as Zhang Jiangling, his nickname is Taiyue, and his posthumous title is "Wenzhong".

Politician and reformer of the Ming Dynasty. One of the outstanding cabinet ministers in Chinese history and the greatest statesman of the Ming Dynasty.

The life of the character

The phoenix feathers are full of strength, straight to the end of the pole

In the fourth year of Jiajing (1525), when Zhang Juzheng was in Jiangling County, Jingzhou Prefecture (today's When Zhang Juzheng (12 photos) was born in the home of a scholar in Jingzhou City in various periods, the remnants of his ancestors could no longer care and protect him, and what greeted him was only a white man from his great-grandfather. Turtle dream. The moon in the dream fell into the water urn, illuminating the surrounding area with light, and then a white turtle floated leisurely out of the water. The great-grandfather believed that Bai Gui was his great-grandson, so he gave him the nickname "Bai Gui", hoping that he would be able to honor his ancestors in the future.

Bai Gui is indeed very smart, and he became a well-known child prodigy in Jingzhou Prefecture at a very young age. In the fifteenth year of Jiajing's reign, 12-year-old Bai Gui applied for examination. His cleverness won the affection of Li Shi'ao, the prefect of Jingzhou. He told young Bai Gui to have great ambitions since childhood and to serve the country loyally when he grew up. He changed his name to Ju Zheng. . This year, I am a student in the government. A year later, he took part in the provincial examination, but was blocked by Gu Lin, governor of Huguang, and failed. But Gu Lin did not do it out of selfishness, but wanted to hone him more so that he could become something great. Three years later, the arrogant Zhang Juzheng successfully passed the provincial examination and became a young scholar. Gu Lin admired him very much and once said to others, "This son will be a talented person." He took off his rhinoceros belt and gave it to Ju Zheng, saying: "I hope you will set up lofty ambitions, be Yi Yin, be Yan Yuan, don't just do - A young man became famous. "In the 26th year of Jiajing reign, 23-year-old Zhang Juzheng ranked ninth in the second class and was awarded the title of Shu Jishi.

Shujishi is a kind of trainee official. As a rule, he has to study in the Hanlin Academy for three years. After the expiration, he can be awarded the title of editor. Zhang Juzheng was selected as a Shujishi, and he was taught by Xu Jie, an important minister in the cabinet. Xu Jie attached great importance to the knowledge of economic development and economic development. Under his guidance, Zhang Juzheng worked hard to study the laws and regulations of the country, which laid a solid foundation for him to enter the political arena in the future.

In the early Ming Dynasty, in order to strengthen centralization of power, the prime minister was abolished and a cabinet was established, whose functions were equivalent to the emperor's secretarial office. The chief cabinet scholar is called the chief assistant, which is actually the prime minister. When Zhang Juzheng entered the Hanlin Academy to study, a fierce political struggle was going on in the cabinet. At that time, there were only two bachelors in the cabinet, Xia Yan and Yan Song. The two competed for the position of chief assistant. As a result, Xia Yan became the chief assistant, and then he was slandered and killed by Yan Song. Yan Song became the chief assistant of the cabinet.

As for the cabinet struggle, Zhang Juzheng, as a new scholar, naturally has no say. But through several years of cold-eyed observation, he gained an intuitive understanding of the political corruption and border deficiencies of the imperial court. For this reason, in the twenty-eighth year of Jiajing (1549), Zhang Juzheng first mentioned one of the diseases of "congestion of blood and qi" in "On Current Affairs" (Volume 15 of "The Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhonggong"), and then referred to the fifth disease of "bloat, flaccidity and paralysis" Disease, systematically expounded his ideas for reforming politics. Naturally, these did not attract the attention of Ming Shizong and Yan Song. After that, during the Jiajing Dynasty, except for routine memorials, Zhang Juzheng never gave any memorials.

Zhang Juzheng In the thirty-third year of Jiajing period, Zhang Juzheng left the capital and came to his hometown Jiangling on the pretext of asking for leave to recuperate. During his three-year vacation, he still did not forget state affairs and personally contacted farmers. Juzheng, who came from a poor family, experienced the hard work, hunger, cold and pain of the people in the countryside. He said in "Inscriptions of Jingzhou Prefecture" (Volume 9 of "The Complete Works of Zhang Wenzhonggong"): "The land distribution is uneven, the poor are unemployed, and the people are suffering from annexation." All this can't help but make him excited, and his sense of responsibility makes him return to the political arena.

In the thirty-sixth year of Jiajing reign, Zhang Juzheng still returned to serve in the Hanlin Academy. At this time, he

Zhang Juzheng's picture data (15 photos) gradually matured in the depressed thinking. In the political turmoil, he imitated his teacher Xu Jie's "internal embrace of dissatisfaction and external desires." And move. In the forty-third year of Jiajing's reign, Ju Zheng entered the palace in Youchunfang, You Yude, and served as the Imperial College Supervisor. Yuode is just a false title, but since King Yu is likely to inherit the throne, attending Yu's residence and giving lectures is no longer an idle position. During his stay in Yudi, "all the kings had good things, and all the people in the palace and in the palace were good at being upright" ("History of the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Juzheng Biography"). The Imperial College Secretary Ye had control over many people who might enter the officialdom in the future and opened up contacts for Zhang Juzheng. Forty-five years after defeating Gao Gong, he took charge of the affairs of the Hanlin Academy.

In this year, Emperor Shizong died and King Yu came to the throne as Emperor Muzong of the Ming Dynasty. Zhang Juzheng's opportunity came. In the first year of Longqing (1567), as an old minister of King Yu, he was promoted to the left minister of the Ministry of Personnel and the bachelor of Wenyuan Pavilion, entered the cabinet, and participated in government affairs. In April of the same year, he was appointed Minister of Rites and Bachelor of Wuyingdian.

Zhang Juzheng is forty-three years old this year. At this time, he will probably not forget the poem he wrote when he was thirteen years old, "The phoenix feathers are full of strength, straight to the end of the pole." Thirty years later, he finally "reached the end" in a secret contest.

Photographing the barbarian riots and hoeing Zhilan on the road

After entering the cabinet, Zhang Juzheng was not complacent about his personal promotion. At this time, in the Ming Dynasty, internally, land was being annexed, refugees were scattered, misfortunes were occurring, the country's treasury was empty, and funds were scarce; externally, the northern Tatars were marching into the Central Plains, creating the "Gengxu Rebellion", and the southern chieftains were vying for power, especially Cen. There was a violent rebellion, "the two rivers were shocked", and Japanese pirates from the southeast harassed the coastal areas, making the people miserable. Faced with this, Zhang Juzheng could not relax.