"Wujiang's Old Friendship"-Zhou Daodeng

Zhou Daodeng (? -1633), Wujiang people. Twenty-six years of Wanli Jinshi. He is a descendant of Zhou Dunyi, the originator of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty.

In the 26th year of Wanli (AD 1598), he was chosen as Jishi Shu and entered the Imperial Academy. In the first year of the apocalypse, he was promoted to the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites and immediately became an official. In the early years of Chongzhen, he was appointed as a university student of Dongge, the minister of rites, the master of the study room, and the president of the national historian. In the autumn of five years, the court pushed the history of the Ministry of Rites, and Wei Zhongxian cut his book.

at the beginning of Chongzhen, Li Biao and he entered the cabinet. Tao Deng has no scholarship, and he plays lightly and laughs at it. Yushi Tian Shizhen, Liu Shizhen, Wang Daozhi, Wu Zhiren and Ren Zanhua handed over the matter to Yan Kezhen, and noted the court discussion. Wang Yongguang, a senior official of the official department, said that Wang Zaijin, a party guardian, Zhu Tong, a Zongsheng, and Chen Yuding, a fellow villager, all had real evidence, so they went home. Died after five years. Known as the "Wujiang Old Phase".

It's a godsend, and you can visit the cabinet.

There is an old saying: "When luck comes, you can't stop it." This sentence is used on Zhou Daodeng, which is more appropriate. Speaking of Zhou Dao's login to the pavilion, it's really a godsend, or maybe God doesn't bless Daming Mountain. After Emperor Chongzhen acceded to the throne, he hated four cabinet college students, namely Huang Liji, Shi Fenglai, Zhang Ruitu and Li Guopu, because they were all minions of Wei Zhongxian, and their character and ability were very problematic. In order to rebuild a decent leadership team, he ordered ministers to recommend ten prime minister candidates with excellent ability and character, and Zhou Daodeng was among them. There are ten candidates, how to choose? Emperor Chongzhen had another brilliant idea-drawing lots. The result of the first arrest was Qian Longxi, followed by Li Biao, Lai Zongdao and Yang Jingchen. Chongzhen was not satisfied, and then drew again. Zhou Daodeng and Liu Hongxun were drawn this time. When Zhou Daodeng met Emperor Chongzhen for the first time, he put forward three suggestions in one breath: "First, keep the ancestral system, second, uphold the virtual public, and third, be responsible for actual results." Emperor Chongzhen was very happy, accepted all of them, and made him a high position as a bachelor (equivalent to prime minister).

Being stupid makes people laugh.

Zhou Daodeng is stupid and modest. After many years of official career, Zhou Daodeng is seriously pretending to be a grandson. When he has achieved a positive result, he finally doesn't have to pretend anymore, because he has become a real grandson. No matter whether he is an official or doing things, at this time, he is not seeking reactive power, but seeking nothing. He can take half a step and never take a step. Such a character makes anyone dare to step forward and kick him. For example, he had just served as the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, and some people were dissatisfied and clamored for him to step down. Zhou Daodeng's grandson's personality was undoubtedly revealed at this time. The emperor resigned without giving an order.

Of course, the most talked about by later generations is his stupidity. According to the Ming History, Emperor Chongzhen was puzzled when he saw the word Hei Chi on the memorial of an official at a Japanese-Korean meeting. Zhou Ge thought for a long time and replied, "Hei Chi, the person with black teeth is also! 。” "(meaning Hei Chi, that is, black teeth). Another few jokes are: When Chongzhen was in the imperial banquet, he asked Zhou Daodeng: "The prime minister needs a scholar. What is the solution?" Zhou Daodeng thought about it for a long time, and then replied smoothly: "Rong Chen will wait until he finds out in the cabinet before playing the emperor." After a while, Chongzhen suddenly remembered something and asked, "Recently, there is always the word" show respect "in the speeches of ministers. What is human feelings? " Zhou Daodeng replied: "Those who have feelings are also called feelings." This kind of answer came from the mouth of an open cabinet minister, which really made Emperor Chongzhen in distress situation. Even the eunuch standing by could not help laughing out loud. Chongzhen discussed politics with him and asked, "Recently, there is always the word" show respect "in the speeches of ministers. What is human feelings? " Zhou Daodeng, ignorant and ignorant, came with a tongue twister: "Those who have feelings are also called feelings." Several records in the History of the Ming Dynasty show the extent of its stupidity. Emperor Chongzhen used such a person as a phase, which shows that the Ming Dynasty will run out of luck.

Another feature of Zhou Daodeng is that he is dull and can't even tell a lie. At a court meeting, the emperor was discussing state affairs with Manchu officials. Zhou Daodeng was absent-minded, thinking of a funny thing and laughing on the spot. Chongzhen had sharp eyes and asked him why he was laughing. Zhou Daodeng was speechless for a moment, without answering or explaining, and stood there motionless like a flagpole. Chongzhen can't take him, so there is no investigation. After work, Qian Longxi scolded him for not doing this, but he said he had already laughed, so what?

People like Zhou Daodeng can pay homage to the marquis, which shows that talents in the Ming Dynasty are languishing, and it is not far from national subjugation. Of course, Emperor Chongzhen was not a bad king. Zhou Daodeng was a college student for a year and was invited back to his hometown by Emperor Chongzhen.

There is so much about Zhou Daodeng in the History of Ming Dynasty, and more content related to Zhou Daodeng comes from his article with Liu Rushi, a beautiful girl in Qinhuai.

Liu Rushi was a prostitute in the late Ming Dynasty, and Liu Rushi was a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. The surname is Yang. Originally named "Yunjuan", it is also known as "beauty". At one time, the name was "Yang Chao" and the word "Zhaoxia" was used. There is also the name of "hidden Wen". There are also the names of "Yang Ai" and "Yang Ying Lian". After Yi Yang's surname was Liu, with the name of "Yin" and the word "So". It is also called "Wu Wu". It was also named "Liu Shi". There are others named "Liu Yin". Mr. Chen Yinque also wrote Liu Rushi Biezhuan for her.

Liu Rushi

There is a description of Zhou Daodeng in Fragrant Fragrance: Zhou Daodeng was once a prime minister, but his background is not small, but his personality is not so good. After Emperor Chongzhen ruled the government, he saw that Zhou Daodeng's corpse was a vegetarian meal, and it was mediocre all day, so it was just the officer of this fellow. A dialogue between Chongzhen and Zhou Daodeng in the court was recorded in "A Little Knowledge of the Emperor" edited by Wen Bing of Qing Dynasty. Chongzhen asked the cabinet ministers, "Recently, there are many words" show mercy "in the memorial. What is" show mercy "? At this time, Zhou Daodeng replied: "Those who have feelings are also called feelings." Laughing from left to right. It seems that Zhou Daodeng is a famous prick, and "show one's feelings" means "show one's feelings", which means that there is no explanation, and he is simply a representative of "false sky". If this fellow Zhou Daodeng comes to preside over the meeting, he must be the kind of guy who talks nonsense.

Another article said: This Zhou Daodeng was one of the fifty physiognomies in the late Ming Dynasty. He was ignorant all his life, and his words were dull. I heard that once he served the court, he smiled silently, and Xi Zong asked him about it. Zhou Daodeng neither answered nor apologized, but fortunately the emperor did not pursue it. After retiring from the DPRK, Hua Ting Qian Xiangguo (Long Xi), who entered the cabinet with Zhou Daodeng, asked him about it, but he said, "I'm already laughing, but I can't help it." He was dismissed from office after less than a year.

Liu Rushi was born as a prostitute. At the age of 14, she was raped by the Prime Minister Zhou Daodeng, and she was accepted as a concubine. She won Zhou Daodeng's favor, which caused a group of concubines to be jealous and said that she had an affair with the piano boy in the study. So Zhou Daodeng was furious and bought Liu Rushi as a prostitute again. After leaving Zhoujia, I had contacts with Li Cun and Song Yuanwen, both of whom were from Huating. Li, a scholar in the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, was a hero, who had worked as a calligrapher, wrote articles and refined calligraphy, broke down in southern Ming Dynasty, and committed suicide. In Song and Qing Dynasties, Shunzhi was a scholar for four years, and he was an official until the left deputy was the imperial adviser. He died in the sixth year of Kangxi at the age of fifty. Later, she no longer believed in casual love, and she pursued Chen Zilong, the leader of the society, with a very generous and uninhibited attitude. However, Chen Zilong could not accept his bold behavior and politely declined Liu Rushi in the form of no answer.

In the winter when Liu Rushi was 23 years old, she visited Banyetang and chose Qian Qianyi, 59, to entrust her for life. She tried to carry out anti-Qing and regaining sight activities through Qian Qianyi, but who knows that Qian Qianyi lost his integrity in his later years and colluded with Ruan Dacheng, a traitor. All the dreams of Liu Rushi's life were disillusioned, so he fled into an empty net and finally hanged himself. She was empty-handed from the beginning until the end.

Liu Rushi's tomb, in Changshu, Jiangsu >