Why did the Western Han Dynasty choose Confucianism as orthodoxy?

1. When did Confucianism become the mainstream in China?

It is generally believed that since Confucius and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has established a position of exclusive respect for Confucianism. However, this is problematic. Excuse me. Worship the late king? How could Confucianism be invented out of thin air? China in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties? Home country isomorphism? Social structure pays more attention to ethics than after Qin dynasty. Why is it said that the pre-Qin dynasty was not Confucianism but later?

Confucius said, "Li Xia, I can say it, but I can't prove it." Li Yin, what I can say is not enough in the Song Dynasty. If the literature is insufficient, it is enough, and we can collect it. 」

Before Confucius became the founder of Confucianism, he was first a historian, and his research scope included Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty. China? A gift? Our culture has been the mainstream since the Xia Dynasty. Confucius' understanding of harmony is better than that of Xia's descendants of Qi and Shang (in the Confucius era? Country? 、? Home? Thousands of years of history, the color of Confucianism is much heavier than that of later generations.

Zhang Zi asked, "Do you know the tenth generation? Confucius said: "Yin gains and loses, so you know; Because of Zhou, its gains and losses are also known; It or its successor, though immortal, is known. 」

Zhou Li? Is it hereditary? Business gifts? Come on, how about it? Business gifts? Is it hereditary? Li Xia? Come on. ? A gift? It has existed since ancient times, both at home and abroad. ? A gift? It is also a tool used by Confucianism to analyze a society. The Duke of Zhou set up ceremonies and made merry, which made the ceremony, culture and humanity of that era perfectly combined. Why do many people like western-style weddings today? Because China is rude and the music is not good? A gift? Can no longer represent people's ideas.

Confucianism is not? What time? It became the mainstream thought of China. Confucianism has been the fundamental organizational form of Chinese civilization from the beginning. It was only during the great changes in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period that Confucianism was challenged. Many thinkers represented by Confucius, through the study of literature, politics, culture, world and history (corresponding to the Five Classics), extracted and summarized the essence of Confucianism, which was highlighted in the contention of a hundred schools of thought and gained a new life after the change of Qin and Han Dynasties.

Liang Wudi's exclusive respect for Confucianism conforms to the requirements and tastes of the people and intellectuals in the whole China culture.

And mixed with legalist private goods, making it become? Confucianism and law? 、? What happened to the bully? Its formation is the result of adapting to new social changes and maintaining social development. Of course, you can also say that it is to safeguard the royal power, but don't forget that at that time, the emperor system was still an extremely advanced social system, and the legalist thought was still conducive to social progress.

2. What is Confucianism? Why does Confucianism emphasize ethics and morality, while western religions do not?

Simply put, what is the core of Confucianism? People? . After in-depth study, Confucius found that the essence of etiquette is actually? Humanity? The external performance of:

Confucius said, "Is it unkind to be polite? What's the fun of being heartless? 」

What if you have no heart? Ren? , go outside? A gift? What's the use?

The essence of Fang Lin's politeness. Confucius said, "Good question! Ceremony, not luxury, is quite frugal; Sadness is greater than heart death. 」

What if? A gift? It's just external extravagance, not as frugal as it is; Funeral is the end of the relationship between people and has always been the most valued ceremony of Confucianism. Is it easy? There are many explanations, so I won't distinguish them here. It's better to be sad.

Xia Zi asked, "I'm smart and smiling. I'm looking forward to it with beautiful eyes. I always thought it was gorgeous. " "What else can it be? Confucius said, "Painting is afterwards. Holmium: "After the ceremony? Confucius said: "It is enough to discuss poetry when it is applied to business. 」

In the eyes of many Confucianists, ancient poems praise human nature and reflect many truths. Here, painting is used as a metaphor. The ancients painted colorful clothes first, and then outlined them with white lines. People also have a heart first, and then politely determine the appropriate and reasonable expression framework.

Some people say that Confucius was a human being in ancient times, and later generations of Dong Zhongshu and Zhu made him? Humanity? It's a mess This is a terrible statement. Master Zhu? Defend justice and destroy human desire? This statement has been strongly criticized by the world. But in fact, I advise you to treat Zhu as? Theologian? Do you understand what he is saying? God bless? 、? Human desire? They are not concepts understood in an intuitive sense, but rely on classical abstract philosophical thoughts. Let's see what Zhu Cheng thinks. Confucian mind method? The opening sentence of The Doctrine of the Mean:

Destiny is nature, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching.

Human nature is born in heaven and earth. Humanity is the way. All education is to practice this way of human nature and get rid of the paranoia caused by personal talent and experience.

In my opinion, Confucianism is really a school? Worship people? Religion. Will Confucius and Mencius be a relationship between people? Ren? Regard it as the fundamental essence. Zhu Cheng worships the good side of human nature as unshakable justice, and regards the evil side of human nature as people's desire to be degraded. Compared with Christianity, which one is it? Worship God? Religion, it will naturally attribute the good side of human nature to divinity and the evil side of human nature to original sin. Confucianism worships ethics because it worships people. Parents' love for their children is the most brilliant element in human nature and the fundamental need of human survival and development, so parent-child ethics has become the top priority of Confucianism. People often say that Confucianism emphasizes filial piety. In fact, without the kindness of my father, how can there be filial piety? Compared with foreign countries, China's society is characterized not only by children supporting their parents, but also by parents' sincere affection for their children. Kindness is instinct and does not need education. Filial piety is acquired and needs education. Therefore, filial piety is emphasized to repay great kindness.

3. Confucianism? Moral oppression? With what? Feudal autocracy?

This is an unavoidable topic. Many people in China were poisoned by the revolutionary historical view and didn't know it. Tradition lost? The bad results are attributed to tradition.

Mencius: Father and son are responsible for kindness, and thieves are the most generous.

Thief? It means harm. The morality between father and son says that the church hurts the feelings of father and son. As mentioned above, Confucianism worships human nature very much and thinks that it will be very painful for parent-child relationship to be hurt. (Note: The background here is that the son is just and responsible for his father, but Mencius thinks it is painful, but there is nothing wrong with it. He keeps in touch with this person who is said to be unfilial. Susan accepted, and he mourned his ambition, but didn't ignore it? . The responsibility of kindness is not limited to this case. If the son blames the father and the father blames the son, it will hurt feelings, which is a great sacrifice. Mencius believed that only friends can complain about others. In ancient times, all teachers worshipped others, and fathers did not teach their sons. Also, Confucius thinks so? Father is a son, and son is a father? It is more upright than putting righteousness above family members, and the modern western rule of law also recognizes this, and does not require relatives to correct relatives.

So-called? Moral oppression? It is really the result of an uneducated person's infinite indulgence of his evil side of human nature.

As for it? Feudal autocracy? This is a joke. Ancient and modern China and foreign countries are vying for theocracy and imperial power, and China is no exception. Confucianism makes emperors always pay attention to their words and deeds, so as not to end up with the same notoriety after death. After reading the book of Confucius and Mencius, the scholar-officials are not afraid of death or suffering. Since King Wu destroyed the business, punishing tyrants has obviously become a political correctness in China.

A good thief is called a thief, and an upright thief is called a thief. The remnant thief is called "husband" Never heard of killing, never heard of killing the king.

Have you ever seen calling the king a thief and a cripple to express your loyalty to the king?

Since it has shrunk, although thousands of people have left.

Morality, not afraid of hordes, this lone hero, isn't it the backbone of China?

Who worships Confucius? When the mountain goes up, the scenery stops Although you can't reach it, do you yearn for it? Sima Qian wrote the rebellious Chen Sheng into Historical Records, didn't he? Family? What did Confucianism teach Sima Qian, the root of Confucius and a level of princes? Tadashi? ?

Wen Tianxiang: Confucius said benevolent governance, and Meng said righteousness; Only its righteousness is exhausted, so the benevolent is also. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, how naive you are! What did Confucianism teach Wen Tianxiang? Obey? ?

Strong sense of justice in ancient and modern times, brilliant destiny and brilliant human nature. Pour the blame on propaganda, and the result is: flies are greedy and chickens are hungry. Only moral oppression, no introspection and self-cultivation. Just pass the buck, I don't know if a gentleman will do his duty. Only timid, I don't know how to shoulder morality.