Answering skills of Chinese reading questions

First, the knowledge and skills of narrative reading

1. Six narrative elements?

The time, place, person, cause, course and result of the event.

2. Find a topic sentence?

Look for lyric sentences in the first or last paragraph.

3. Content of the article (center)?

Methods: Look at topics, people (events) and events, and make a comprehensive induction.

Format: This article narrates (describes and explains) ... and displays (praises and reveals). ...

4. What are the narrative clues and functions?

Clues: (1) key people (2) key things (3) key events (4) time (5) place (6) author's emotion.

Function: It runs through the context of the full text, organically links the characters and events in the text, and makes the article coherent.

5. What is the narrative order and function?

1) The function of sequential narrative (according to the sequence of events): The narrative has a beginning and an end, and it is clear and impressive to read.

2) flashback (write the results first, and then explain what happened before. ) function: create suspense, attract readers, avoid monotonous narration and enhance the vividness of the article.

3) insert (interrupt the clue when telling, and insert another related thing. ) function: complement and set off the plot, enrich the image and highlight the center.

6. Language features?

Choose from the following sentences by combining context and rhetorical methods: vivid, fresh and beautiful, concise, accurate and rigorous, incisive and profound, easy to understand, harmonious in phonology and strong in rhythm. Note: Be sure to analyze it in combination with specific sentences.

7. Writing skills and functions?

(1) personification: endow things with human character, thoughts, feelings and actions, personify things, and thus achieve vivid images.

(2) The role of metaphor: describe things vividly and concisely, and explain the truth.

(3) The role of exaggeration: highlight the characteristics of people or things, reveal the essence, and give readers a clear and strong impression.

(4) Symbolic function: giving specific meaning to the things described, expressing the feelings of … and enhancing the expressive force of the article.

(5) The role of contrast: through contrast, highlight the characteristics of things and better express the theme of the article.

(6) Set-off (side contrast): Set off the main person or thing with the secondary person or thing, and highlight the characteristics, personality, thoughts and feelings of the main person or thing.

(7) The function of satire: Use metaphor, exaggeration and other means and methods to expose, criticize and ridicule people or things, strengthen profundity and criticism, and make the language spicy and humorous.

(8) The role of wanting to promote before restraining: first belittle and then praise the object described, contrast the context, highlight the object written, and receive unexpected and touching results.

(9) The role of front and back care (echo from beginning to end): make the plot complete, the structure rigorous and the center prominent.

(10) suspense function: arouse readers' attention and thinking, arouse readers' interest in reading, and make the plot of the article tortuous.

8. Rhetoric methods and functions

(1) own function; (2) Combined with sentence context.

1, figuratively personified: vivid; Answer format: written vividly+object+characteristics.

2, parallelism: momentum, strengthen the tone, in one go and so on. ; Answer format: emphasis+object+characteristics.

3; Questioning: arouse readers' attention and thinking; Answer format: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics; Rhetorical question: emphasis, emphasis, etc.

4. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …

5. repeatedly emphasize ... strengthen the tone.

9. What is the function of sentences in the structure?

(1) connecting the preceding with the following (2) opening, leading down (leading down) (3) connecting the preceding with the following (transition) (4) laying the foundation (5) managing the following (beginning).

10, expression

Narration, discussion, explanation, lyricism, description

1 1, the role of discussion in narrative

Inspire readers to think, point out the meaning of people or events, highlight the center, sublimate the theme, and play the role of making the finishing point.

12, the role of lyricism in narrative

Express the author's sincere and profound feelings, arouse the feelings of readers, and make the article have strong appeal.

13. Types and functions described?

(1) Portrait Description (2) Appearance Description (3) Manner Description (4) Action Description (5) Language (Dialogue) Description (7) Psychology Description (8) Scenery Description (9) Scene Description (10) Environment Description (1kloc)

The function of scenery description: (1) Explain the background (2) Promote the plot development (3) Render the atmosphere (4) Highlight the character's personality (5) Contrast the character's mood.

14. What are the types and functions of the environment?

(1) The natural environment explains the time and place of the story and the space of the characters' activities, which sets off the emotions of the characters.

(2) The social environment explains the social background and characteristics of the times, sets off the characters' personalities, promotes the plot development and reveals the theme of the article.

Second, explain the knowledge and skills of reading.

1, classification of descriptive text

1, from the description object: descriptive words of things and descriptive words of things. 2. From the perspective of language features: simple expository and vivid expository.

2, the order of the instructions

Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

Specific analysis of logical order: subject-secondary, cause-result, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part.

Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?

Answer format: This paper uses the order of explanation to make the explanation more organized. (The first blank should be filled in with the specific order of description, and the second blank should be filled in with the specific name or description of the thing. If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )

3, the method of explanation

1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.

4, the role of common methods:

1. Example: Make the article more specific, more convincing, and better explain the characteristics of things.

2. Definition: Reveal the essential characteristics of things completely, scientifically and accurately, and distinguish them from other things.

3.No.: It explains the characteristics of … more scientifically, accurately and concretely. A series of digital sciences about the salt content of the Dead Sea in the Dead Sea Never Dies have accurately explained the reasons and characteristics of the high salt content and buoyancy of the Dead Sea. )

4. For example, it vividly illustrates ... (Stone arch bridge in China) The image of "Stone arch bridge is shaped like a rainbow" vividly illustrates the shape characteristics of stone arch bridge. )

5. Classification: the organization clearly explains ... ("March to the Desert" two ways that deserts harm human beings: guerrilla warfare and positional warfare)

6. Compare: highlight the characteristics of the things explained. (Answer should be combined with the content) Highlights ... (Looking for comparison points)

7. Make a chart: write intuitively ...

8. Interpretation: Explain some characteristics of things.

9. Imitation: (Similar description) is more vivid.

5. What are the forms of quotation?

First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example) B. Cite specific data; C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing. D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation. (The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )

6. Linguistic analysis of explanatory text.

1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.

This is also the characteristic of general expository writing. B is from the perspective of different language styles. To comment on the language features of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.

The format is as follows: This paper fully embodies the characteristics of accurate/vivid/concise language, such as the sentence "……", and accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/reasons of things "……".

2. The function of words can be examined in the following ways: A. What is the function of adding words? B, can you change the word? C. Add some words that can be deleted?

7. Explanatory writing analysis

1. Talking about the mode in combination with the interpretation method: This paper mainly uses the interpretation method of … to explain … (content: the characteristics or reasons of things), thus explaining … (role: refer to the previous interpretation method to clarify its role)

2. Talk about the mode with figures of speech: This is a vivid exposition, which uses a lot of figures of speech to explain … (content), making the explanation of the article vivid.

3. Combine narrative, description and expression to make the explanation more specific; Expressing opinions makes explanations more emotional. Then, from this point of view, the format of explanatory text is as follows: this paper comprehensively uses a variety of expressions, in addition to explanation, there are … (from "narrative, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), which makes the explanation more specific/emotional by using … (expression).

Third, argumentative reading knowledge and skills

1. Three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation.

2. Demonstration methods: reasoning, example, comparison, quotation and metaphor.

3. Argumentation method: argumentation and refutation. Argumentative essays can be divided into two categories: argumentative essays and argumentative essays. )

4. The functions of analysis and demonstration methods are as follows:

(1) Demonstration with examples: By citing concrete examples, the demonstration will be more concrete and convincing.

Format: Use examples to demonstrate and cite … (summarize examples) to prove … (if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument), thus making the argument more specific and convincing.

(2) Reasoning argument: prove the argument through reasoning, making the argument more general and profound.

Form: demonstrate the viewpoint with the method of rational argument ... so as to make the argument more universal and deeper.

3. Metaphorical argument: use metaphor to prove and make the argument vivid and easy to understand. Format: Metaphorical argument is used for comparison

④ Comparative argument: The role of comparative argument is outstanding. Format: Compare … with … by means of comparative argument, and highlight the viewpoint of ….

⑤. Citation: Its function should be specifically analyzed. For example, quoting famous sayings, aphorisms and authoritative data can enhance the persuasiveness and authority of the argument; Citing celebrity anecdotes and anecdotes can enhance the interest of the argument and attract readers to read.

Format: Use the argument method of quoting arguments, and quote … to prove the viewpoint of … to make the argument more convincing. (or more interesting, attracting readers to read)

5. The types and functions of analysis and demonstration:

Argumentation can be divided into two types: rational argument and factual argument. So the standard answer format is as follows: This is an argument, which plays the role of proof ... (Argument, if there is a sub-argument, write the sub-argument it proves, otherwise write the central argument. )

6. The article puts forward the way of central argument:

The title of the article points out the central argument; ② Put forward the central argument at the beginning of the article; ③ The article ends with a central argument; (4) Put forward the central argument with a connecting sentence in the middle of the article. The article does not directly put forward the central argument, but it always revolves around …

7. Analyze the argumentation ideas of the article.

The structure of a general argumentative essay: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing questions (thesis)-solving problems (conclusion). In fact, analyzing the argumentation idea of argumentative essays is to add some words such as "first", "then", "then" and "last" on the basis of paragraph level. When you do this topic, you should pay special attention to the opening and closing sentences.

The function of the beginning is: (1), to put forward the central argument; (2), lead to the topic; In the above two aspects, it is necessary to specifically answer the specific tests that put forward the central argument or lead to the topic, some through famous sayings, some through celebrity anecdotes, and some through anecdotes and jokes.

The function of the ending: (1), deepen the central argument and put forward the conclusion of …; (2) Repeating or strengthening the central argument ...; (3) Appeal ... or exhort people ...; (4) Supplementary argumentation. Its function is to make the argument more rigorous. )

8. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative language:

There are only two angles to analyze the linguistic features of argumentative essays: (1) linguistic features; (2) Stylistic features. To do this kind of topic, we should master some key words of language style: concise and plain, vivid and humorous, implicit and euphemistic, rich in literary talent and so on. The stylistic feature is that it is enough to make a fuss about the word strict logic. One thing that needs special attention is that doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific example sentences in the article as examples for analysis.

9. Analysis of the characteristics of argumentative writing

There are many angles to analyze the characteristics of argumentative writing, such as rhetorical devices, argumentation methods and writing skills.

(1), rhetoric: for example, metaphor can be combined with the characteristics of metaphor, that is, vivid image; For example, parallelism enhances the momentum of the article argument; For example, quoting ancient poetry makes the article rich in literary talent.

(2) Model Law: Talking about the function of reference model law.

(3) The writing techniques are relatively fixed, and the common ones are: (1), the combination of example and argument (narrative and discussion); (2), give priority to ... model law. Similarly, doing this kind of topic must be supported by specific sentences, that is, using specific examples in the article as examples of analysis.

10, paragraph structure function:

(1), the following leads to (all); (2) Summarize the first (full) articles; (3) connecting the preceding with the following.

As an argumentative paragraph, it must be answered in combination with stylistic features.

If the opening paragraph often leads to the central argument (topic), then we can refer to the following two examples of specific answer formats for use or adaptation:

(1), at the beginning, illustrate ... by writing examples, and put forward the central argument ... (or lead to ...). (2) At the beginning, put forward the central argument ... (or lead to ...) by quoting famous sayings. (3) At the beginning, by quoting interesting stories of celebrities (or …) to put forward the central argument … (or …) also played a role in attracting readers to read and enhancing the interest of discussion.

For the function of the ending paragraph, please refer to 4: "The content at the end".