How much responsibility should Hu Hai II bear for the demise of the Qin Dynasty?

In 22 1 BC, Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, made Xianyang its capital, and established the first dynasty of great national unity in the history of China. Since then, China has entered the era of feudal monarchy. It's a pity that such a great empire of Daqin, after only three generations of emperors, Qin Shihuang, Hu Hai II and Zi Ying, went to ruin in 206 BC in just fifteen years. It can be said to be the shortest-lived dynasty in the history of China, and it is also rare in the history of the world.

In the early stage, I shared the mistakes made by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin, for the rapid demise of Qin. Today, I share the problems of Qin Ershi and Hu Hai. Hu Hai was another important person who led to the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty.

First, I was spoiled by my father since I was a child and developed an arrogant and selfish character.

Hu Hai and Qin Ershi (230-207 BC) were the first18th sons and youngest children of Qin Shihuang. Qin Shihuang was born at the age of 3 1 year. He is too busy with state affairs to manage. In addition, his mother died earlier, so he doted on his youngest son even more.

As a father, Qin Shihuang loved Hu Hai too much because he wanted to be beaten by wind and rain. Even if Hu Hai shows disrespect in public, his waywardness and nonsense will not be accused, but will be regarded as a child's frankness and cuteness, and even more spoiled; Because he is the youngest, others have to let him go since he was a child, so it is always someone else's fault that he quarrels with his brother and sister, and he will never be punished by his father.

When he was young, Qin Shihuang also gave him a higher education status than other brothers and sisters, and arranged for Zhongche House to teach Zhao to improve his legal knowledge and conduct, which also planted the seeds of only his father and Zhao Gao in his young mind, and he was the person he trusted recently.

Hu Hai, who grew up in this environment, enjoys different treatment from his brothers and sisters. Everything is followed and spoiled by his father. Since childhood, he has developed a self-centered, unrestrained, self-determined and extremely selfish character.

Historical Records (Volume 087-Biography of Twenty-seven Li Si): In October of the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor, he went out on patrol and went to the sea to reach the evil spirits in the north. At the same time, the Prime Minister Division and CRRC ordered Zhao Gao to carry out Fu's orders, and they all obeyed. The first emperor had more than 20 sons, and the eldest son, Fu Su, admonished a few words, and sent the prisoners to the county, with Meng Tian as the general. The youngest son, Hu Hai, loves you. Please promise me. I don't know what you mean.

Second, the change of sand dunes, in order to gain personal interests, colluded with Zhao Gao and Reese to tamper with the testamentary edict of the first emperor, usurped the position of the Prince, and fabricated charges to grant Fu Su the death penalty.

In 2 10 BC 10 BC, Qin Shihuang went on a patrol and left the capital together with Li Si, the left prime minister, Zhao Gao, Hu Hai and Feng Quji. Qin Shihuang died in a sand dune. Before he died, he summoned Reese and Zhao Gao and asked his eldest son Fu Su to return to the throne. Hu Hai is very selfish. At the instigation of Zhao Gao, Zhao Gao, Reese and Hu Hai conspired to forge the testamentary edict, declared Hu Hai a prince, and concealed the fact that Qin Shihuang died, and returned to Beijing to reign.

At the same time, Hu Hai forged letters with Zhao Gao, Reese and others, and arranged for his cronies to be sent to Fu Su and Meng Tian stationed on the northern border. Luo Zhi fabricated a number of charges against Fu Su and Meng Tian, reprimanding them in the name of Qin Shihuang for not only failing to make achievements on the frontier for many years, but repeatedly writing letters criticizing the failure of state affairs. Fu Su, in particular, was dissatisfied and resentful because he could not return to Beijing to be a prince, so he gave Fu Baojian to commit suicide. As a general guarding the frontier, Meng Tian let Fu Su's bad behavior talk nonsense and failed to give effective advice. In fact, he was unfaithful to the emperor, failed to fulfill his duties as a courtier and committed suicide.

Fu Su listened to the imperial edict, obeyed the will and committed suicide. Meng Tian argued, refused to commit suicide, was deprived of the relieving and put into prison, and all relieving was taken over by Zhao Gao cronies.

Historical Records Volume 006-The Sixth Age of Qin Shihuang: Only sons Hu Hai, Zhao Gao and five or six officials were lucky enough to know that they were dead. Zhao Gao tried to teach Hu Hai books and prison laws, but Hu Hai enjoyed himself. Gao Nai conspired with Hu Hai, the son of the first emperor, and Prime Minister Si to break the book given to Fu Su, the son of the first emperor, and even tricked Prime Minister Si into accepting the sand dunes of the first emperor's testamentary edict and made Hu Hai a prince. More books to childe Fu Su, Meng Tian, as a sin, given to death.

Third, after he acceded to the throne, he didn't know what to do or be kind to the world. Instead, trust traitors, kill loyal people, seek pleasure, extort money, and ultimately bring disaster to the country and people.

After Hu Hai proclaimed himself emperor, he made Zhao Gao a doctor and a servant, and made Reese the prime minister. At this time, Hu Hai II did not enter the role of emperor, nor did he think about what he should do. He just blindly coveted personal enjoyment, believed Zhao Gao's words and deeds, and handed over the management of the imperial court to Zhao Gao. In order to consolidate the throne, encouraged by Zhao Gao's conspiracy, he instigated Zhao Gao to launch a series of stupid actions to kill loyalty and bring disaster to the country and the people.

1. He knew that his throne was unknown, and he was worried that he would seize the throne with Zhao Gao and Reese, and the plot to secretly kill Fu Su was exposed. Other brothers seized the throne, ordering Zhao Gao to fabricate charges and slaughter dozens of his brothers and sisters.

Besides attacking his brothers and sisters, he persecuted some civil servants and military commanders who held different opinions. General Meng Tian, Meng Yi Brothers, General Feng Jie, Right Prime Minister Feng Quji and other founding exploits and loyal officials were forced to commit suicide, etc. Some positions were followed up by relatives and others in Zhao Gao. Reese was also destroyed by Zhao Gao's conspiracy, and Zhao Gao became prime minister smoothly, which truly achieved the goal of dominating the world. At that time, Qin Dou was completely enveloped in a white terror, with civil and military officials, everyone was in danger, and every household was restless.

3. Following the example of Qin Shihuang's military parade, Hu Hai entrusted the management of the imperial court to Zhao Gao. He drank all day, wandered around with Gong E's talented women, turned a blind eye to state affairs, and became an emperor. But also by Zhao Gao fool, make a historical joke.

4. Impose exorbitant taxes and ignore people's sufferings. A large number of farmers from all over the country were recruited to build Epang Palace and Lishan Cemetery, and 50,000 foot soldiers were mobilized to guard the capital Xianyang. And let all localities supply food and grass. People who transport food and grass must bring their own food, and they are not allowed to eat food for 300 miles near Beijing. For farmers, in addition to years of unpaid labor, exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees are also increasing, making the people miserable and hopeless, and people are leaving their homes everywhere.

5. The people's resentment boiled and they revolted against tyranny. In 209 BC, Chen Sheng and Guangwu led the peasant uprising in osawa Township. Less than three months after the uprising, Zhao, Yan, Qi and other former governors also established themselves as kings under the banner of restoring the six countries. Since then, the whole country has set off a wave of anti-Qin uprisings.

6. Self-deception, hypocrisy and self-confidence. Hu Hai doesn't believe in the national uprising, but only likes to listen to good things about world peace. All the officials who reported the rebellion were punished, resulting in a situation where no one said anything and no one was in charge. Soon, Hu Hai himself was killed by Zhao Gao at the age of 23.

"Historical Records" Volume 006-The Sixth Age of Qin Shihuang;

1. II stressed that there was no way, which was not good for the ancestral temple and the people. What's more, Epang Palace was set up, and the law was severely punished, the officials were deeply in charge, the rewards and punishments were improper, and the wealth was excessive. There are many things in the world, and the senses are self-disciplined.

2. When the first emperor died, Hu Hai was extremely stupid, and Lishan was unfinished, so he was reverted to Afang as a precaution. Zhu Si, Qu Bing, appoint Zhao Gao.

Historical Records Volume 087-Biography of Lisi Volume 27;

1. It is more legal to say the second highest. Therefore, both the prince and the son were guilty, so they did a good deed and got to live in Zhi Zhi. Minister Meng Yi was killed. Twelve childe died in Xianyang, ten princess died in Du, and the property belongs to the county magistrate. There are countless people sitting together.

The punishment of laws and regulations is getting deeper and deeper, ministers are in danger, and countless people want to stand aside. It is also Epang Palace, straight and straight. The heavier the defense, the stronger it is. Therefore, Chen Sheng and Guangwu and Chu Shoujun, an uprising, started in Shandong. Stand side by side, stand on one's own feet as a vassal, rebel against Qin, and face the Hong Gate.

Conclusion:

Since ancient times, those who have won the hearts of the people have won the world, and those who have lost the hearts of the people have lost the world. In Qin Shihuang's time, the people suffered greatly and could not survive because of years of wars, severe corvee tax and the recruitment of millions of migrant workers for the establishment of Epang Palace and Lishan Cemetery.

As the second emperor, Hu Hai's status as emperor is unknown. Worst of all, he only knows to eat, drink and be merry, but he doesn't understand the current situation of the country, he doesn't govern the country himself, and he doesn't implement the policy of benefiting the people. On the contrary, he became more and more close to villains, stayed away from gentlemen, listened to rumors, innocently killed loyal ministers and good generals, and became a cutting emperor. Such people, in the words of now, are typical black sheep. He's incompetent, and he hurts others. In the end, he cheated countless people and hurt himself. With the country, with the people, with yourself, are sinners.

As a modern person, I believe that no matter what family, occupation or position you are, there are things that you can do with the overall situation in mind, so you must do it yourself. Less empty talk and more practical work.