What is the friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu?

First, Du Fu and Li Bai were already famous when they were in contact.

Li Bai, a poet, is a wild and uninhibited romantic poet, while Du Fu, a poet sage, is a poor and rigorous realistic poet. Their images are very different, and their representative elements are also very different. One is like a fairy walking in the clouds, and the other is like a Confucian walking on earth.

In the stereotype of relationship, Du Fu became famous late. When he met Li Bai in Luoyang, Li Bai was already a famous poet, so people always called Du Fu a "fan" of Li Bai. But was Du Fu really just a nobody at that time? That was not the case. Although Du Fu was not as famous as Li Bai at that time, he was still an influential poet in the field of poetry. If Li Bai is a superstar, then Du Fu is a promising rising star in Ran Ran.

Twenty-two Rhymes of Wei is an important work of Du Fu's earliest and most explicit self-description of life and ideals. Although it is a flattering poem, in this poem, Du Fu wrote, "Let's forget Youth Day and watch the state guests early. Reading breaks thousands of volumes, and writing is like a god. Empower the enemy with materials and build a home with poetry. Li Yong seeks knowledge, and William Wang is willing to be a neighbor. Boasting to be quite outstanding, Li Deng wants Jin Lu. To the monarch, and then to the vulgar. " At this time, Du Fu, who was 37 years old, ran into a wall everywhere in the capital Chang 'an and had to write poems to find a way out. In the poem, he recalled his early life. He was talented and ambitious in his early years. He saw the world around Luoyang very early, and left his mark on the poetry circle, winning the appreciation of contemporary literary leader Li Yong and poet William Wang.

In the eyes of Du Fu's friends, Du Fu's poems are quite successful. Wei Tiao, a native of Jingzhao in the Tang Dynasty, was an official in the capital. He traveled to the south and died as a secretariat of Tongzhou, making friends with Du Fu. Wei Tiao left only two poems, both related to Du Fu. In the poem "Dean of Tanzhou Foreign Affairs Department", he praised Du Fu, "The famous poem is absolutely unique, and the small county is on the west coast." Praise du fu's famous sentences. Guo Shou is from Dali. He wrote in "Poems from Mr. Du Waixiong for this purpose" that "new poems spread all over the country, and the old German dynasty belonged to Wang Lao". "I don't know how many poems Chunxing has, but the price of Hengyang paper is high." Praise Du Fu's poetic art and moral reputation.

If the above friends are not well-known and have little reference value for Du Fu's evaluation, then we should use the poet Gao Shi's evaluation to illustrate the problem. Gao Shi praised Du Fu in his poem Addendum to Du Fu. "Cao Xuan" means not to be snobbish and concentrate on writing. These two poems show that Gao Shi praised Du Fu's character and affirmed his poetic achievements.

On his deathbed, Du Fu wrote in the poem "Sending Li Eleven titles to Changsha" that "fame is really embarrassing, and the new cloud is cold and chrysanthemum is double-hearted." This is the last seven laws of Du Fu before his death, which shows his farewell feeling. The word "stealing" is Du Fu's modesty. Liu Kezhuang wrote in Post-Shi Cun Dialect: "Fu and Bai Zhen are the same generation, and Du Gongyun's Du Li Ming Thief is so loyal." People think that "Li" refers to Li Bai. Another way of saying it is that Li Xian once compared Du Fu and Li Bai, and Du Fu said that he didn't deserve it. All these show that in Du Fu's later years, there has been a saying that he is as famous as Du Li.

From Du Fu's self-report and friends' poems, we can see that Du Fu was not as famous as the famous poet Li Bai at that time, but he already had a certain poem name. Moreover, in Du Fu's later years, there was a saying that "Du Li was equally famous", which at least showed that Du Fu was not very famous at the stage of Du Li's communication. Therefore, in the friendship between Du Fu and Li Bai, he is not a role as low as dust, and he can also maintain a supercilious temperament in his contacts with Li Bai.

Second, the friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu: sincere and sincere.

The meeting between Li Bai and Du Fu is an important event in the history of China's poetry. Mr Wen Yiduo said in Du Fu: "In our 4,000-year history, nothing is more important, more sacred and more memorable than the meeting between Confucius and Laozi." The time between Li Bai and Du Fu, from meeting to crossing, is not long. In fact, Li Bai and Du Fu actually had only three contacts, and each contact was not long.

However, during their brief contact, they left many poems about their friendship. Among them, Li Bai remembers only three poems by Du Fu, while Du Fu remembers 14 poems by Li Bai in The Collection of Poems by Du Fu. Some people think that the relationship between Li Bai and Du Fu is not equal according to the number of poems given. They think Du Fu worships Li Bai, but Li Bai doesn't care about Du Fu. The reason is that Du Fu's yearning for Li Bai almost ran through his later life, but Li Bai only described Du Fu in two or three places, and there was a similar ridicule of "playing for Du Fu", in which it was written that "it was always bitter to write poems in the past", which seemed to be a mistake in Du Fu's method of writing poems.

However, it is too arbitrary to think that the friendship between Li Bai and Du Fu is unequal just based on the number of poems written by the other party or a joke poem. In my opinion, the number of poems written is not necessarily the criterion for judging friendship. In the process of poetry spreading, the loss may be huge. Although both Du Fu's and Li Bai's poems were lost in the process of circulation, Li Bai's poems were lost even more. Li Bai's bold and unrestrained personality made him write poems everywhere and rarely preserved. We can't deny that among Li Bai's lost poems, there may be poems for Du Fu.

In addition, the poem "Don't be too inquisitive, it was always hard to write poems in the past" in Li Bai's "A Play for Du Fu" has always been regarded as Li Bai's ridicule of Du Fu as evidence that Li Bai despised Du Fu. But judging from the whole poem, it can also be understood that Li Bai met Du Fu in Fanxing and found that Du Fu in a hat was thinner than when he left last time, so he asked Du Fu with concern. Du Fu laughed at himself and said, "Writing poems for the past is always bitter." If the last two sentences are regarded as a question and answer between Li Bai and Du Fu, the taste of the poem will also change greatly. This is a joke between friends and a concern of friends. Only close friends would make such jokes, which further confirmed their close relationship.

Li Bai sent Du Fu two poems, one was to send Du Er Fu to Dongshimen, Lujun County, and the other was to send Du Fu to Dune City, all of which expressed his yearning for Du Fu. The former's "flying over the eaves and walking on the wall" is far apart, and the cup in his hand is in line with Li Bai's character. Li Bai is a wild and uninhibited person. After parting, there was little sadness in his poems. He dissolved his thoughts in a glass of wine in his hand and gulped it down. In the latter song, Li Bai wrote that "thinking of a gentleman is like water, but making a mighty expedition to the south" is a straightforward expression of his thoughts. Some people think that the feelings of Li Bai and Du Fu are not as good as those of Li Bai and Wang Lun. I think this is really a big misunderstanding. In "To Wang Lun", Li Bai wrote that "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, but not as good as Wang Lun", expressing his gratitude to Wang Lun, saying that Wang Lun's affection for him is deeper than that of Peach Blossom Pond, without mentioning how deep his affection for Wang Lun is. But Li Bai really expressed his thoughts about Du Fu, which flowed like warm water. This expression is the way for Li Yu, the queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, to express her sadness. " How much sadness can you have? It's like a river flowing eastward. "

Du Fu gave Li Bai a gift, which not only highly praised Li Bai's poetry and song creation, but also deeply missed Li Bai. Du Fu repeatedly mentioned Li Bai's talent in poetry and spoke highly of it. For example, "Hou Li has a beautiful sentence, which is often like a silver pit", "White poetry is invincible, and I can't think of it all", "Pure heart and jade rise from the government, Jun Yibao joins the army", "Li Bai's poems fought hundreds of battles, and he slept in a restaurant in Chang 'an", "The pen fell in shock, and the poem made the gods cry" and so on. It can be seen from these poems that Du Fu admired Li Bai's poems very much, even with a feeling of admiration, praised Li Bai's poems to a very high level and expressed his appreciation without stint.

Du Fu learned a lot from Li Bai. In the process of his contact with Li Bai, he even went to seek immortality and visit Taoism with Li Bai. Li Bai's uninhibited personality also had a certain influence on Du Fu. Du Fu's poems are not blindly depressed, but there is boldness and a vast sadness in depression. In the year before Li Bai's death, Du Fu wrote a poem "Gone", "It's really sad not to have wine in Li See Province! The world wants to kill, I only sympathize. " At this time, Du Fu's understanding of Li Bai was very profound. He realized that Li Bai's wild and unruly is actually a kind of "pretending to be crazy and selling stupidity", which is sad. Li Bai's life is actually a life of talented people. He cherishes and misses Li Bai. In Du Fu's view, "I only sympathize with talents" is an act against the world. However, Li Bai's talent is worthwhile. After Li Bai's death, Du Fu wrote two more poems, one is A Journey to the Past and the other is Farewell to Li Bai, which will not be analyzed here.

In a word, the friendship between Du Fu and Li Bai is a much-told story in the history of China's poetry. Their friendship is sincere and sincere. Although their status in friendship is not completely equal, Du Fu's status is by no means a "favorite". Du Fu worshiped and gradually understood Li Bai, and Li Bai also paid sincere feelings to Du Fu.