Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang

Zhuge Liang [1] (181.4.14 ~ 234.8.28), Lang Xie Yang Du (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), a native of Wolong, Han nationality, was an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. Premier Shu Han. Shi Yue is loyal to Wu Hou. Personal data posture: eight feet long (about 1.83 meters), with a very different appearance (from Zhuge Liang Collection by Chen Shou, see the attachment of Zhuge Liang Biography) Official position: Prime Minister leads Li Si as Commander-in-Chief, Yizhou Pastoral Records Shangshu Holiday Title: Wuxiang Hou Zushang: Zhuge Feng (Commander in Chief of Han Dynasty) Father: Zhuge Jue. Zhuge Shang (looking for the eldest son) Zhuge Jing (looking for the second son) Zhuge Pan (son Joe, convicted by Zhuge Ke, returned to Zhu Gejin) Grandson: Zhuge Xian (Pan Zi) devoted himself to Jian 'an in Nan Yang for two years (A.D. 197), and Zhuge Xuan died. Zhuge Liang and his younger brother are farming in Longzhong. The songs that Liang often reads often compare himself with Guan Zhong and Guan Zhong. People didn't agree with him at that time. Only friends Xu Shu, Cui, Shi Tao believe in his talent. Known as "Wolong". Make friends with Jingzhou celebrities such as Pang Degong and Huang. Huang once said to Zhuge Liang: "Wen Jun chooses his wife; Ugly girls with yellow heads and blackheads, but they are all worth matching. I heard that you want to choose a wife. There is an ugly girl in my family with yellow hair and dark skin, but her talent can rival yours. ) "Zhuge Liang agreed to this marriage and immediately married her. At that time, people played it as a joke, and there was even a proverb in the village: "Don't choose a wife for Kong Ming, you will get an ugly girl." At that time, Liu Bei was attached to Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. Later, when I went to Si Mahui, I heard him say, "Do Confucian scholars and laymen know current events? People who know how to deal with this situation will care about Jie Jun. There are Long Fu and Feng Chu. Those Confucian scholars are all people with shallow knowledge. How can they know the current situation? A hero is one who can understand current events and situations. At this time only Long Fu (Zhuge Liang) and Feng Chu (Pang Tong). Later, he was recommended by Xu Shu and wanted to be introduced by Xu Shu, but Xu Shu said: "This person can meet, but he can't compromise. "The general should be white. This person can go to see him, but he can't condescend to it. The general should condescend to visit each other. ) "Liu Bei went to visit him personally and saw Zhuge Liang three times (I saw him all three times). Liu Bei told the others to avoid him and asked Zhuge Liang, "The Han Dynasty perished, the traitors stole his life, and the master was covered with dust. Loneliness, I want to believe that righteousness is above the world, and my wisdom is short-lived, so I use it wildly. As for today. However, the ambition is still not over. Do you think the plan will be safe? Now that the Han Dynasty is in decline, treacherous court officials are holding the emperor to make the princes and emperors lose power. I didn't measure my virtue and ability, and wanted to save the world with righteousness, but my wisdom and strategy were short-lived and insufficient, so I often failed today. But my ambition has not yet come true. Do you have any strategies to help me? ) "Liang replied:" Since Dong Zhuo came, there have been heroes, and countless people have crossed the state and even joined the county. Compared with Yuan Shao, Cao Cao has a small name and few people. However, Cao defeated Shao and took the weak as the strong, which was not only in the right place at the right time, but also in harmony with people. Today, millions of Cao Cao are vassals with the emperor. This sincerity is indisputable. According to Sun Quan, he has lived in Jiangdong for three generations. He can use it. It can be used for aid, but not for profit. Jingzhou is bordered by Han and Mian in the north, benefiting from the South China Sea, Wu Hui in the east and Bashu in the west. This is a country that uses force, but its owner can't stay. This is almost heaven, so it is a general. Does the general care? Yizhou is a dangerous place, fertile land is thousands of miles away, and the land of abundance makes Gaozu emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are rich but don't know how to keep shirts, and the wise think of the wise. The general is both the emperor's palace and loyal to the four seas. He is a hero, eager for wisdom. If there are advantages and interests, he will protect his rock resistance, he will be brave in the west and brave in the south, and he will do a good job in foreign relations and domestic politics with Sun Quan. If the world changes, a general will be ordered to lead Jingzhou troops to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yizhou people out of Qinchuan. Who dares to meet the general without eating kettle pulp? If this is the case, the hegemony can be reached and the Han family can flourish. " (Zhuge Liang then told him the plan of three-point world, and analyzed the situation that Cao Cao was not desirable and Sun Quan could help; It also expounds that Jing and Yi monarchies are weak, and only by owning these two States can they win, indicating the necessity and possibility of capturing these two States. He also told Liu Bei the strategy of attacking the Central Plains. This theory was later called Longzhong Dui (Longzhong Dui is still controversial, it is said that Cao Lu Dui), and Liu Bei was even more full of praise after listening to it, so Zhuge Liang began to serve Liu Bei). Liu Bei often talks with him, and the relationship is getting closer and closer. Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others were greatly displeased. Liu Bei explained to them: "There is Kong Ming in solitude and water in fish. May you say nothing more. I have Kong Ming, just like fish has water. I wish you would stop talking about it. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei stopped complaining. At that time, due to the influence of Liu Qi's stepmother, Liu Biao became more and more dissatisfied with Liu Qi. Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang for advice on self-defense several times, but Zhuge Liang often refused. At a banquet, Liu Qi asked Zhuge Liang to tell him the solution by taking the ladder from home. Zhuge Liang asked Liu Qi, "Don't you know that Shen Sheng is in danger now and Zhong Er is safe outside? Shen Sheng has not been seen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and it is at stake. Can Zhong Er be safe outside? ) "Liu Qi knew what he meant, but Huang Zu was killed by Sun Jun, and Liu Qi was recommended as Jiangxia Prefecture. In August 2008, Liu Biao died of illness and his second son, Liu Cong, succeeded to the throne. Hearing the news that Cao Cao was going south, he sent messengers to surrender. After learning the news of Fancheng, Liu Bei led the army and civilians to flee to the south. Cao Jun chased Liu Jun in Changsaka, Dangyang, and Xu Shu's mother was captured by Cao Cao's army. Xu Shu had to surrender to Cao Cao. Before Liu Bei arrived at Xiakou, Sun Quan sent Lu Su to observe the situation and suggested to Liu Bei to ask Sun Quan for help. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to Chai Sang and made friends with Lu Su. After arriving in Chaisang, Zhuge Liang met Sun Quan and first gave Sun Quan two choices by dichotomy. "If you can compete with the people of wuyue and China, it is better to give up early. If we can compete with the people of wuyue and the Central Plains, it is better to break diplomatic relations with Cao Cao as soon as possible. )"; Another option is to use the provocation method. "If not, why not put the case in the north!" If you think you can't resist, why don't you stop military action and surrender to the north! "North" has a double meaning here: First, Cao Cao is in the north; The second is that when the monarch and the minister meet, the officials generally face the north. ) "Sun Quan asked Zhuge Liang why Liu Bei didn't surrender. Zhuge Liang raised Liu Bei's social status, saying that Liu Bei had backbone and would never surrender to show Sun Bei's determination. Sun Quan was furious and vowed not to surrender to Cao Cao, but he was worried about how many troops Liu Bei had left to fight. Zhuge Liang finally analyzed the situation of the two armies. First, he said that there were 10,000 soldiers in the army and Guan Yu's water army, plus more than 10,000 soldiers in Jiangxia, Liu Qifan. Let's talk about Cao Jun's tiredness from afar. He chased Liu Beishi and rode a light bicycle for more than 300 miles a day and night. It is precisely "a spent force, it is impossible to wear Lu Tao"; Moreover, northerners do not learn water warfare, and Jingzhou people are forced to obey Cao Cao, unconvinced; Finally, Cao's defeat is certain. Sun Quan was very happy, and then he was lobbied by Lu Su and Zhou Yu and decided to unite with Cao. Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and Lu Su were sent to lead 30,000 water troops to fight against Cao Cao. Zhuge Liang returned to Liu Bei with his army. 165438+ In October, Cao Cao defeated Chibi and returned to the north. Battle of Red Cliffs, after the foot soldiers, in 65438+ February, Liu Bei pacified the four counties in Jingnan, appointed Zhuge Liang as a military commander, lived in Lin Xuan, and ordered Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha counties to adjust taxes to enrich military assets. 2 1 1 year, Yizhou Pastoral Liu Zhang asked Liu Bei to assist Zhang Lu. Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and others guarded Jingzhou. In 65438+ February, Liu Bei broke with Liu Zhang and attacked Chengdu. Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others went to Shu to help out, leaving Guan Yu in charge of Jingzhou's defense, dividing troops to pacify counties and counties, and forming a capital with Liu Bei. By 2 14, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei entered Yizhou. Zhuge Liang received 500 Jin of gold, 50 million yuan of silver 1000 Jin, and 0/000 pieces of brocade/kloc-0, and was appointed as a strategist and general, in charge of the general's office. Every time Liu Bei sent troops to attack, Zhuge Liang was responsible for guarding Chengdu and providing Liu Bei with adequate food and clothing. For example, in the battle of Hanzhong, he provided resources for Liu Bei. In 220, Cao Pi usurped Han independence. In 22 1 year, ministers heard the news that Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty was killed, and advised Liu Bei, who had become the king of Hanzhong, to declare himself emperor. Liu Bei refused, and Zhuge Liang persuaded Liu Bei with the story of Geng Chun lobbying Liu Xiu to be emperor. So Liu Beicai agreed to let Zhuge Liang remember the history of the prime minister and have a holiday. In the same year, Zhang Fei died and Zhuge Liang became a captain. In August 222, Liu Bei was defeated on the way to recapture Jingzhou and retreated to Yongan. Zhuge Liang lamented that the Dharma was dying, or Liu Bei's crusade would stop. In February 223, Liu Bei was seriously ill, called Zhuge Liang to Yong 'an, and entrusted Li Yan to handle the affairs. Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "You are only ten times as talented as Cao Pi, and you will be able to secure the world and achieve great things in the end. If the heir can supplement it, supplement it; If he is incompetent, you can bear it yourself. Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to achieve great things in the end. If the adopted son (Liu Chan) can help, help him; If he has no talent, you can take it yourself. ) "Zhuge Liang said with tears:" I dare to report the Loyalty Day with my strength and then die! I will try my best to serve the faithful solar terms until I die! ) "Liu Bei asked Liu Chan and other sons to take Zhuge Liang as their father. In April, Liu Bei died, and Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, making Zhuge Liang the marquis of Wuxiang and opening a yamen. Soon, Liu Chan relied on Zhuge Liang to take charge of Yizhou pastoral administration, and Zhuge Liang decided. It turned out that South China took the opportunity to rebel because of Liu Bei's crushing defeat. Zhuge Liang did not send troops because the country had just lost its monarch, but sent Deng Zhi and Kyle to Soochow to repair it. South, until the spring of 225, Zhuge Liang led the army south. Before he left, Liu Chan gave Zhuge Aliang a gold cymbal, a curved cover, one before and after Yu Bao preached, and sixty warriors. Later, Zhuge Liang went deep into the barren land (idiom: the barren land is today's northern border of Myanmar, bhamo) to crusade against Lv Yong and Meng Huo. Zhuge Liang took the advice of joining the army in Ma Su, focusing on the policy. First, he defeated Lv Yong's army, then captured Meng Huo seven times, and settled the chaos in the world in autumn (see Zhuge Liang's southern expedition for details). After the Shu Han settled in the south and obtained some supplementary troops, after a long period of accumulation, they had the foundation of the Northern Expedition. In the spring of the 6th year of the Northern Expedition (228) 1, Zhuge Liang raised his voice in advance and took the Xiegu Road to get a reward, so that Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi set up suspicious soldiers to attract Cao Zhen troops and led their own troops to attack Qishan (northwest of Xihe County, Gansu Province). Nan 'an, Tianshui and Anding counties in Longyou opposed Wei's attachment to Shu. Zhang He refused to break Ma Su in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang pulled more than 1000 families back to Hanzhong from Xixian County. This is the first time out of Qishan. 2. In the winter of the same year (228), Zhuge Liang went through three passes (southwest of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) and surrounded Chencang (east of Baoji City). He finished his food and sent it back to Hanzhong. Wei Zhui was beheaded. 3. In the spring of 229, the seventh year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang sent Chen Shi to attack Wudu (Chengxian area in Gansu Province) and Yin Ping (Wenxian area in Gansu Province). Guo Huai, the secretariat of Yongzhou, led the troops to rescue, and the fire came out to Jianwei (west of Xihe County, Gansu Province), and Guo Huai retreated. Then I got two counties. 4. In the autumn of lite eight years (230), Wei Jun attacked Hanzhong, Sima Yi went to Xicheng (northwest of Ankang County, Shaanxi Province), Zhang He went to Woods Valley, and Cao Zhen went to Gu Jie. Zhuge Liang was stationed in Chenggu (east of Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) and Akasaka (20 miles east of Yangxian County, Shaanxi Province). It rains thirty times, and Wei Jun retreats. 5. In the same year (230), Zhuge Liang sent Wei Yan and Wu to Qiang, and defeated Wei Hou general Fei Yi and Yongzhou secretariat Guo Huai in Yuyang River (Nan 'an County in the southwest of Wushan Mountain in Gansu Province). 6. In February of the ninth year of Jianxing, Zhuge Liang led an army to attack Qishan and began to use wooden cattle to flow horses. When Cao Zhen was seriously ill, the Guanzhong commander Sima Yi refused. Zhuge Liang is cutting wheat in Shangguan (Tianshui County, Gansu Province). Sima Yi chased the light to Lucheng (between Tianshui City and Gangu) and dug a camp for self-defense, which was a mockery of "fearing Shu like a tiger". In May, Sima Yi fought Zhuge Liang, and Wei Yan and others will capture 3,000 enemy armour, 5,000 armour and 3,100 crossbows. In June, Li Yan called back because of poor grain transportation. Zhang He chased Liang to retreat to the wooden door and was shot dead by an arrow. This is the second time to leave Qishan. 7. In February of the 12th year of lite (234), Zhuge Liang led a great army out of Gu Jie Road. According to Wugong Wuzhangyuan (south of Qishan, Shaanxi), he settled in Weibin. Sima yi can't hold on. In August, Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan. Yang Yi and others led the army back, and there was a story about "Zhuge died and Zhong Dasheng was born". Of these seven times, only two were out of Qishan. The fourth is to defend, Shu and Wei don't fight. Zhuge Liang chronology