Find out how long the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is, where it is connected, how long it has been built, who is the chief engineer, what difficulties have been overcome in the construction and what is

Find out how long the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is, where it is connected, how long it has been built, who is the chief engineer, what difficulties have been overcome in the construction and what is the success of the restoration. Editor's entry Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway

The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway connects Fengtai, Beijing, and passes through Badaling, Juyongguan, Shacheng and Xuanhua to Zhangjiakou, Hebei, with a total length of about 200 kilometers. Completed on 1909. It is the first railway in China that was built and put into operation by China people without using foreign capital and personnel (before the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjia Railway, there was a Xinyi Railway from Xincheng to Gaobeidian in China, which was also built under the command of Zhan Tianyou, but it was only used by Empress Dowager Cixi for ancestor worship). Zhan Tianyou used to be the chief engineer of railway construction, and later served as the general manager of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Bureau.

This road "is separated by high mountains, with the most masonry, and the bridge is more than 7,000 feet, so it is difficult to find other places", especially "Juyongguan and Badaling, with many mountains and steep bends, have been tried by all provinces, and it is the most difficult, even Taixishu regards such projects as extremely difficult". "From Nankou to Badaling, the height difference is 180 feet, and every 40 feet, it will be increased by one foot." After the news of China's own Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway came out, foreigners sarcastically said that the China engineer who built this railway probably hasn't been born yet. Zhan Tianyou bravely undertook the arduous task of the chief engineer and encouraged the engineers to win glory for the country. He personally led the engineering team to survey the alignment and selected the lower-cost one from the three surveyed routes. From Xizhimen to Zhangjiakou, it passes through Shahe, Nankou, Juyongguan, Badaling, Huailai, Ji Ming Post and Xuanhua. The most difficult part of this route is the Guangou section from Nankou to Badaling, which is not only steep in terrain but also steep in slope. In Badaling, near Qinglong Bridge, in order to cross the steep ravine of Dujun Mountain in Yanshan Mountains, the 22-kilometer section of the line adopts a herringbone track, and the train climbs by turning back. However, the slope is still 33.7‰, and two locomotives are needed for traction. There are four tunnels on the railway, of which Badaling Tunnel is1.092m long, and it is excavated by shaft method. Juyongguan tunnel is 400 meters long. In addition, there is a 200-meter-long Huailai Bridge with steel frame structure.

Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway started construction on September 4th, 1905. Together with railway staff, Zhan Tianyou successfully completed two difficult tunnel projects, Juyongguan and Badaling. Four years later,1/kloc-0 was completed on August 6th, and opened to traffic on October 2nd. Moreover, the construction cost is 352,000 taels less than the original budget (some people say that it saved 282,000 taels). The total cost is only one-fifth of the price charged by foreign contractors in the past, which can be described as low cost, good quality and fast completion. In the face of hard facts, foreigners can't help but be impressed. Jing-Zhang Railway is the first railway designed and built by China people themselves, which is the glory of China people and China engineering and technical circles, and also the victory of China people's anti-imperialist struggle in the modern history of China. 1922 erected a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou at Qinglongqiao Railway Station, 1987 built the Zhan Tianyou Memorial Hall nearby. At that time, all buses entering Beijing had to stop for half an hour to pay homage to the bronze statue and memorial hall of Zhan Tianyou.

Today's Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is the first section of beijing-baotou railway between Beijing and Baotou. Due to the poor carrying capacity of the original Jinggou section of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, 65438 to 0952 sand-rich lines were built between Fengtai and Shacheng (Huailai). The Fengsha Line took the route that Zhan Tianyou thought was better at that time, but it was forced to give up because of the high cost. Fengsha line has always been an important place for coal transportation. 1972 fengsha line was converted into double track, 1984 electrified. Now many passenger trains have been diverted to the Fengsha line.

However, what most people don't know is that Zhan Tianyou had been working for the railway construction in China for nearly twenty years before he took over the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway Project. In the meantime, he participated in the survey and design of the Tianjin Tongzhou Railway planned by Li Hongzhang (that is, the Tianjin Tongzhou Railway that caused fierce controversy); Participated in the railway construction from Tianjin to Shanhaiguan; Participated in the construction of the Luanhe Railway Bridge that still exists today.

Accurately speaking, "the first railway built by China people" is not the Jing-Zhang railway. 190 1 year, Cixi returned to Beijing after fleeing and took the train for the first time. The train left a good impression on her, and she proposed to go to Xiling to worship the mausoleum by train two years later. So the Qing court urgently raised funds to build the branch line from Gaobeidian Station of Beijing-Han Railway to Lianggezhuang Imperial Tomb. Liang Ruhao, a "young child studying in the United States" in the General Office of Internal and External Railways, presided over this matter, and he recommended Zhan Tianyou. Zhan Tianyou stood out from the crowd, directing the rapid completion of the project in the ice and snow with difficult construction.

This is the first railway independently built by China people. Although it is only 37 kilometers, it is ironic: it was built for one person to worship his ancestors.

Zhangjiakou is the hub for Beijing to enter Inner Mongolia, and the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has obvious military, economic and political value. News of the road construction has spread that Britain, the most influential country in China, is determined to win, and Russia, which regards the north of the Great Wall as its sphere of influence, will not give in. The two sides couldn't stand each other, and finally reached an agreement: if the Qing court didn't borrow foreign debts or use foreign craftsmen, it would be built by China people independently, and neither side could reach out. In the eyes of Britain and China, backward has no ability at all, and it is deadlocked and waiting for China people to ask for help.

1on may 3rd, 906, Zhan Tianyou wrote to Mrs. Nosobu, a "parent" studying in the United States, saying:

I am now the father of seven children-three women and four men! I am currently the office and chief engineer of Beijing-Zhangjia Railway Association. The length of this road is about 125 miles, and three tunnels will be dug, the longest of which is three quarters of a mile. This road is the first railway built entirely by China engineers. I hope we can finish it smoothly!

Zhan Tianyou investigated three routes. The second detour is too far. Third, today's Fengsha Line, built from south to west in Beijing, passes through a large number of cemeteries and has too many obstacles. Due to limited funds and time, Zhan Tianyou decided to take the first route, that is, from Xizhimen via Shahe, via Nankou, Juyongguan, Badaling, Huailai, Ji Ming Post and Xuanhua to Zhangjiakou, with a total length of 360 miles. The difficulty of the whole line is to close the ditch, where there are overlapping cliffs. The engineering difficulty was not found in the whole country at that time, and it was rare in the world. The slope is extremely steep, and the height difference between Nankou and Badaling is nearly 60 meters.

1906101October 24th, Zhan Tianyou said in the letter:

Dear Mrs. Nosob,

Admittedly, I am lucky to be appointed to my present job. China has gradually awakened and is in urgent need of railways. Now, engineers from China have been recruited all over the country. China will use its own funds to build its own railway in China. It seems that I have become the best engineer in China, so all China people and foreigners pay close attention to my work. If I fail, it is not only my personal misfortune, but also the misfortune of all China engineers and all China people, because China engineers will not be trusted in the future!

Before I was appointed to this job, many foreigners publicly declared that engineers in China could never undertake such a difficult task because they had to cut mountains and build extremely long tunnels!

But I went all out to make jokes so far. I enclose a newspaper clipping to let you know that a young child from China under your care in New Haven has completed this task and will continue to do so in the future. His early education fully benefited from you!

……

Your most loyal Zhan Tianyou.

On September 30th 1906, all the first blocks of the project were opened to traffic, and the second blocks started at the same time. That's the difficulty. First of all, we should open four tunnels: Juyongguan, Wuguitou, Shifosi and Badaling. Badaling tunnel is the longest1092m. This requires not only accurate calculation and correct command, but also new mountain cutters, ventilators and pumps. The former was not a problem for Zhan Tianyou, while the latter was not available in China at that time, and it could only be done by workers.

The story is well known: Zhan Tianyou used the north and south ends to dig into the middle point of the tunnel at the same time. But the tunnel is too long, and then two vertical shafts are dug in the middle, which can be dug in the opposite direction, so that six working faces can be carried out at the same time. Using the principle of "broken line", he built a zigzag route to reduce the climbing degree and used two trolleys to cross it. At the beginning of the railway construction, there was a derailment of carriages. Zhan Tianyou thought of a way: add an automatic hook invented by American Jenny to each car, so that it can be combined into a solid whole to ensure the safety when climbing.

190665438+February 1 1 In the most tense days of the project, Zhan Tianyou wrote in a letter to Willy, the son of Nosobu and his childhood friend:

At present, the situation in China is very unstable. She is conducting expensive experiments and trying to innovate. But no one can predict what will happen in the future. Only China people asked me to build this railway. If I had the right, I would be happy to introduce you to a job, but unfortunately, I am now instructed not to hire foreign employees.

Building a railway near Beijing often requires an unexpected "price". The railway passes through the grave of a former Taoist priest, who is a relative of the royal family and has influence in both the government and the public. This person led the masses to make trouble, stopped the project, privately promised to pay heavily bribes and demanded diversion. However, the north, south and west are cemeteries of dignitaries, and I don't know how much waste will be caused by the big diversion. Zhan Tianyou endured humiliation, spent a lot of time dealing with powerful people, and finally let the railway pass through the tomb wall. But in order to maintain "Feng Shui", we promised to build another river, send officials to burn incense and sacrifice, and then erect a monument to commemorate it after the road is completed. Engineers were outraged, but Zhan Tianyou said that as long as the railway can be repaired, other minor things can be tolerated.

The difficulty of the third bid section of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is second only to Guangou. The first thing I saw was Huailai Bridge, the longest bridge on Zhangjing Road, which was erected by seven 30.48-meter-long steel beams. Thanks to the correct command of Zhan Tianyou, the bridge was successfully completed.

The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was originally planned to be completed in six years. With the efforts of Zhan Tianyou, the whole line was opened to traffic on June 65438+August 65438+August 0909. The project not only did not overspend, but also saved 282 thousand silver.

The photos left by Zhan Tianyou to future generations seem to be unsmiling since childhood. He is a rigorous engineer, pragmatic and meticulous. But occasionally he will show his interest in studying abroad.

The Jing-Zhang Railway is a railway that is hosted by Zhan Tianyou and successfully built to connect Beijing and Zhangjiakou. This is a railway financed, surveyed, designed and built by China itself, with a total length of more than 200 kilometers. This road is "separated by mountains, with the most masonry and more than 7,000 feet of bridges, which is more dangerous and difficult than anywhere else." After the news of China's own Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway came out, foreigners sarcastically said that the China engineer who built this railway probably hasn't been born yet. Zhan Tianyou bravely undertook the arduous task of the chief engineer and encouraged the engineers to win glory for the country. Together with the railway staff, he overcame the difficulties of insufficient funds, machine shortage and weak technical force, successfully completed two difficult tunnel projects, Juyongguan and Badaling, and designed the herringbone track. Jing-Zhang Railway 1905 started in September, and 1909 was completed in August, two years ahead of schedule, with a fund balance of 282,000 silver. The total cost is only one-fifth of that charged by foreign contractors, which can be described as low cost, good quality and quick completion. Jing-Zhang Railway is the first railway trunk line designed and built by China people themselves, which is the glory of China people and China engineering and technical circles, and also the victory of China people's anti-imperialist struggle in the modern history of China.

Although the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway built by China people was a tragic victory under the special historical background at that time, Zhan Tianyou and Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, and the national spirit contained in them, have become the eternal pride of China people.

Zhangjiakou's important geographical position has always been a battleground for military strategists, so the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway has important economic and political value. As soon as the news that the Qing court wanted to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway came out, Britain, which had occupied China for many years, was determined to win, and Russia, which was in a hurry, vowed not to give in. The weak Qing government dared not offend either side, so it was forced to use China's own engineers to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway.

Zhan Tianyou, an engineer with creative spirit and courage to overcome difficulties, really stepped onto the historical stage and realized his value and ambition. Faced with the contempt and ridicule of foreigners that "the China engineer who built the railway has not yet been born", Zhan Tianyou is under great pressure. After all, the project is so arduous that even the foreign invaders who greedily seized the right to build roads in China and built many railways are not sure.

"If I fail, it is not only my personal misfortune, but also the misfortune of all China engineers and even all China people! In order to prove the wisdom and ambition of China people, I have no choice. " It is this heroic spirit that, after four years of hardships, the 1909 Beijing-Zhangjia railway herringbone track and the 109 1 m Badaling tunnel have made China people proud, and also made foreigners who are ready to see jokes spit out their embarrassed tongues. As Gao Jinhao, the mayor of our city, said, Mr. Zhan Tianyou left us not only a railway, but also the national spirit, national will and national strength he passed on to us.

What also excites the Chinese people is that this is two years ahead of the project and the cost is 282,000 silver less than the budget.

"In today's world, there is no country without railways. China has a vast territory and rich resources ... It is difficult to revitalize its business due to inconvenient transportation and poor management. " On September 6th, 2002, Dr. Sun Yat-sen arrived in Zhangjiakou by train with the ambition of "building 20 Wan Li railways in the wild".

At the beginning of the twentieth century, revolutionary storms surged. 19110 In June, the gunfire of Wuchang Uprising spread to the land of Bird, and revolutionaries outside the Great Wall also rose to respond, but under the enemy's counterattack, the uprising failed. In order to continue the struggle with the enemy, the insurgents pushed Zhang Lisheng and Zhang Ziguang (both from shangyi county) to Nanjing by car and asked Dr. Sun Yat-sen for advice on their future. After listening to their reports, Sun Yat-sen expressed his appreciation and comfort to the comrades in Chahar, Yanbei and Suiyuan beyond the Great Wall for holding armed uprisings under unfavorable circumstances, and encouraged them to say: The revolution is not afraid of failure, so we should learn from it, make persistent efforts and continue to struggle. After they returned to Zhangjiakou, according to the instructions of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, they secretly organized the people to fight Yuan Shikai. ..

1 91April1Sunday, under pressure, Sun Yat-sen officially resigned as interim president and began a long-term investigation in China, lobbying people's livelihood and advocating railway construction. After being entrusted by Yuan Shikai with the important task of "national railway supervision", Sun Yat-sen announced that he would "not interfere in politics for ten years" and would like to set up 20 Wan Li railways as an opposition. 1965438+On September 6th, 2002, Sun Yat-sen arrived in Zhangjiakou by train from Beijing. During the inspection of Zhangjiakou Railway Station, Sun Yat-sen made a speech, highly praised Zhan Tianyou's amazing act of adding luster to the nation, and took photos with the masses as a souvenir. After attending the welcoming meeting in Fuqing Theater, Sun Yat-sen summoned several local party leaders, Zhang Lisheng and Zhang Ziguang, to inquire about the local situation and encourage comrades to work hard and not to relax because of the founding of the Republic of China.

After the inspection in Zhangjiakou, Sun Yat-sen returned to Beijing by train on the morning of September 8. At that time, the farewell crowd filled the street.

1922 In May and June, He Mengxiong, the founder of Zhangjiakou Party Organization, developed the first batch of party member among the activists emerging in the Jingsui Railway Workers' Movement in Zhangjiakou, and established the first party group in our city, which made the Northern Railway Workers' Movement have a real leadership core.

With the construction and opening of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, modern industrial workers in Zhangjiakou came into being.

"Workers suffer, workers suffer, and workers' pants are broken and no one fills them. "

"Don't work with a big belly, against us, get up, get up, and group! The final victory is ours! "

After the completion of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway, under the rule of the decadent Qing government and the Beiyang warlord government, the railway workers in Zhangjiakou, like the whole country, were brutally exploited and oppressed. Working hours are long, labor intensity is high, living conditions are poor, there are no holidays, there is no democratic power in politics, and all freedoms of speech, assembly, association and strike are deprived. They live in a shed with 100 people crowded together, covered with broken bags, covered with sacks, and half a brick as a head pillow. Summer stinks and winter is biting. Bedbugs, lice, flies and mosquitoes are everywhere ... Many workers get night blindness because they can't eat vegetables for a long time. In this way, the inhuman foreman will scold them even if he doesn't fight.

In fact, from the first day of the working class in Zhangjiakou, they have been constantly fighting against the oppressors, although they are all spontaneous, with the aim of improving their living conditions. 19 18 One night in the winter, Wang Erleng, a young worker, stabbed to death Zhang Degui, the foreman who gambled on the wages of several workers, under the condition that the foreman demanded wages many times. After that, workers often deal with bully foremen at various stations along the Zhangjiakou Railway. 1921may, Zhangjiakou railway workers launched the first strike struggle in the history of Beijing-Suiyuan railway. Then, workers from two railway factories (locomotive and rolling stock repair shops) in Zhangjiakou and Nankou fought against two railway bullies, senior staff officers and Mao Youde in Nankou, and won.

192 1 September, 2008, He Mengxiong visited Zhangjiakou and along the Beijing-Suiyuan Railway. He went deep into the sheds and dormitories of railway workers, talked with them and investigated their working and living conditions. During this period, he publicized Marxism-Leninism among workers, inspired their ideological consciousness and called on everyone to unite and establish organizations. He became the first person to combine Marxism-Leninism with the workers' movement in Zhangjiakou. 1922 In May and June, He Mengxiong developed the first batch of * * * party member among the activists who emerged in the workers' movement of Zhangjiakou Jingsui Railway. Among them, there are three in Zhangjiakou, namely Li Ze, Li Liansheng and Zhou Zhensheng. They are all workers in Zhangjiakou railway section. A few days later, the first group meeting was held in Li Pingan, Qiaodong, a railway worker's dormitory-Xing Laotou's dormitory. He Mengxiong presided over the meeting and officially announced the establishment of the first party group of Beijing-Suiyuan railway workers. This was the earliest organization established by the then * * * Production Party in Chahar and Suiyuan, north of the Great Wall. In the subsequent struggle, the prestige of the * * * production party among the workers became higher and higher.

19711On the night of February 22nd, the story of a special truck rescuing Huai 'an child Zhang Jingsheng was a microcosm of that era. The People's Daily reported this with the title Lifeline, and many magazines published Lifeline cartoons accordingly, which made the friendship story between the working class and the peasant class spread quickly throughout the country.

197165438+On the night of February 22nd, a young couple came to the passenger service station with a child in their arms after the service staff of Class C of Zhangjiakou South Station took over. It turns out that they are members of the lower middle peasants of Huai 'an commune. Their 14-month-old son got a corn bean stuck in his trachea. Due to the lack of sophisticated medical equipment in the local hospital, it is impossible to treat, and it needs to be transferred to Beijing Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Hospital for treatment.

Seeing that the child's lips were purple, he was short of breath, and blood was oozing from the facial capillaries, Liu Yurong, the passenger shift supervisor at that time, and his comrades in the team were particularly anxious. It's 9 o'clock in the evening and the earliest bus to Beijing takes two hours. What to do, what to do, anxious Liu Yurong immediately asked the Party branch of Beijing Railway Dispatching Room for instructions. At this time, even if they were allowed to take the 906 freight car parked at the South Station at that time, they would have to wait for more than 40 minutes, but the 1 1 train on the railway line had to give way to him. To Liu Yurong's excitement, the Beijing Railway Dispatching Office quickly issued an order and immediately began to rescue the children. At the same time, while coordinating the work along the railway, Beijing is looking for pick-up vehicles for children.

When everyone was ready to send their children and parents to the car, Liu Yurong and several colleagues knew that they didn't have much money with them, so they took out all the money. ...

2 1: 00, 17: 06, the special goods carry the deep affection of the working class and rush to the capital. Liu Yurong contacted the stations along the route seven times.

Three hours and 40 minutes later, this special truck drove from the Great Wall to Beijing. An army military vehicle picked them up and quickly drove into the workers, peasants and soldiers hospital.

A week later, the child was discharged after rescue treatment. The child's father went to the commune with gratitude and talked about it in the brigade ... When he came to the station again, he told everyone that the child's name was changed to Zhang Jingsheng, which meant that the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway gave him a second life. Since then, People's Daily has reported this story with lifeline, and many magazines have published lifeline comic books. A story of the friendship between the working class and the peasant class quickly spread throughout the Great Wall, the railway system and the whole country.

In the process of building the entire Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway in Zhan Tianyou, the idea of economy runs through. The whole railway was completed in less than four years, two years less than originally planned. In addition, after the entire railway line was repaired, * * * consumed 6.935 million yuan of silver, 288,000 yuan less than the budget. After the completion of the railway, as Zhan Tianyou thought, the business was booming, which played an important role in the development of China's railway construction.