Brief introduction of Zhuge Liang's soul returning to Wuzhangyuan

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led the army out of Gu Jie for the fifth time, explored Cao Wei in the north, and stationed in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). He confronted Sima Yi across the Wei River for more than a hundred days, fell ill from fatigue and died here. Last words: "Hanzhong Dingjun Mountain was buried, because the mountain was a grave, and the coffin was enough to accommodate the coffin, and the clothes were collected without utensils." (1) Because he was a "marquis of Wuxiang" before his death, he was posthumously named "loyal marquis of Wuhou", and later generations respected his tomb as "marquis of Wuhou". Wuhou Tomb is at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in the south of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province. Zhuge Liang was not buried in the same place, nor returned to his hometown, nor was he buried in Chengdu, but buried his last words at the foot of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong. What is the reason? The author made the following textual research and analysis, and discussed with you.

First, objectively, it is impossible to realize on-site burial, mulberry burial and Chengdu burial.

Liang died during the Three Kingdoms period. Shu and Wei border, with Qinling as the boundary and the northern part of the ridge as the Wei land. It turned out to be an enemy-occupied area, so Liang could not be buried on the spot. Zhuge Liang's hometown, Yinan, Shandong, was also the land of Wei at that time. As the prime minister of Shu Han, it is impossible to bury his hometown.

In-situ burial and returning home can't be realized, so what about Chengdu? As the capital of Shu and Han dynasties, it is also the burial place of Liu Bei, who swore allegiance to Liang because of gratitude. As a prime minister, he was loyal to his former master before his death and faithfully prepared to be buried underground in Chengdu after his death. But it was autumn and August, and the climate was still hot, so the bones should not be preserved for long. The distance from Wuzhangyuan to Chengdu is more than 1000 kilometers. It was limited by the objective conditions at that time to cross Qinba Mountain and be buried in Chengdu, not to mention that it was not Zhuge Liang's ideal resting place.

Second, subjectively, it is Zhuge Liang's wish to be buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong.

The author thinks that Gui Liang's burial in Dingjun Mountain is closely related to Hanzhong's important position in Shu and Han dynasties and its eight-year Northern Expedition.

1, Hanzhong is the northern barrier of Shu and Han. Hanzhong is located in the middle reaches of Qinba Han River. Qinba Mountain area surrounds Hanzhong like a natural barrier, with many passes, which are easy to defend but difficult to attack. In that war era, Zhang Lu built a Qin-Ba barrier according to Hanzhong's "Thirty Years of Living in Pakistan, Han Chui" (2); In order to occupy Hanzhong, Cao Cao visited Hanzhong twice to "take Tubo and Shu from Hanzhong" (3); Liu Bei was called the "King of Hanzhong" because of his great victory in the battle of Dingjunshan, and finally established the Shu-Han regime. During the Three Kingdoms period, Hanzhong was the military center that Wei and Shu fought for. According to Hanzhong, Shu can defeat the enemy and honor the royal family; It can erode harmony and coolness and expand territory; You can stick to the fort as a long-term solution. "(4) With Hanzhong, Shu can stabilize the northern defense line, wait for an opportunity to explore the north, and complete the great cause of reunification; Shu is based in Hanzhong and can expand its territory to the north; There is danger of Qinling Mountains to the north of Hanzhong, so you can stick to the pass to keep out the enemy. For Shu Han, according to Hanzhong, it is appropriate to attack, defend and prevent. If Wei goes to Hanzhong, Hanzhong can send troops to attack Shu, and the Shu-Han regime will be in danger. " Without Hanzhong, there would be no Shu State "(5). Hanzhong is the throat of Yizhou and the north gate of Shuhan, which is very important to the future and destiny of Shuhan regime. Hanzhong occupies an important position in Shu Han. Because of this, Zhuge Liang chose Hanzhong as the base of the Northern Expedition and was buried here after his death.

Hanzhong is the northern expedition base of Shu Han. In "Longzhong Dui", Liang and Liu Bei analyzed the world situation and put forward that "the world has changed ... General (Liu Bei) led Yizhou people out of Qinchuan" (6). Sending troops to Qinchuan means sending troops to the Northern Expedition from Hanzhong, which is more than 500 kilometers away from Chengdu, so Hanzhong is the military outpost and military base of the Northern Expedition. When Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, he established the strategic proposition of sending troops to the Northern Expedition based on Hanzhong.

After the defeat of Yiling, Liang was entrusted with the heavy responsibility of "trusting the orphans", led the people to the south, adopted a foreign policy of "harmony" and "comfort", stabilized the east-west north-south border, established it for five years, began his career of going to the top, led troops to Mianyang and began the feat of the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang made five northern expeditions based in Hanzhong, and each time he was defeated, he returned to Hanzhong to prepare for the next northern expedition, which lasted for eight years. It had a far-reaching influence on the politics, economy and military affairs of Shu Han. Politically, he set up the Prime Minister's Office in Hanzhong, accompanied by many civil servants and military commanders, and practiced in the Northern Expedition and the construction of the Northern Expedition base in Hanzhong.

In middle school, a large number of successors were trained for Han Shu regime, such as Jiang Wan, Wei Fei and Jiang Wei. Economically, Hugh advised agriculture, built water conservancy, reclaimed land and developed Hanzhong economy, which eased the economic difficulties of Shu Han. It has the greatest military influence. When Shu died, there were only 10.2 million armored soldiers. During the Northern Expedition, there were at most 100,000 troops. Although this was the beginning of the Northern Expedition, it was also the majority of the army of Shu Han. It can be seen that the military center of Shu Han has been transferred from Chengdu to Hanzhong. "Building two cities of Han and Le" and "Governing the Oblique Valley", deducing the Eight Arrays of Dingjun Mountain and teaching soldiers to practice martial arts; Transform the crossbow with "ten arrows with hair" and cast a horse nail. This series of military measures played a positive role in consolidating Hanzhong's defense and the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang's successors, Jiang Wan and Fei Mian, respected the Ming system and set up towns in Hanzhong, waiting for the Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang devoted himself to the Northern Expedition and established the Northern Expedition Base in Hanzhong, which laid a solid foundation for the stability of the northern defense line in the late Shu and Han Dynasties.

3. Burying Dingjun Mountain can best express his firm belief in the survival of Shu Han. Zhuge Liang spent eight years in the Han Dynasty, that is, eight years fighting and eight years building Hanzhong. In this land of Hanzhong, he planned and described a magnificent historical picture. Hanzhong is the place where he deeply loves and is attached to, and the burial of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong is the highest embodiment of his great ambition to be loyal to Shu Han and never forget to "set the Central Plains in the North", "revive the Han Dynasty" and "return to his old capital in the afternoon" (8). Although Zhuge Liang tried his best to repay the kindness of "three cares" and made five northern expeditions, he failed and left eternal regrets. Therefore, he was buried in the Northern Expedition base after his death, which is of great significance to the future and destiny of Shu Han and Jiangshan, and to his own grand ambition.

At the foot of Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, it inspired the people of China to continue to complete the great cause of the Northern Expedition, reflecting his firm belief that he would live and die with Shu Han and Jiangshan and never forget the Northern Expedition until his death. "Life is the prosperity of the Han family, and death is to protect Shu and bury the army mountain." This is Zhuge Liang.

The best interpretation of his political and military career and his burial in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, (9).

Third, positive practical significance.

In the long feudal history, our national elites are like stars, and there are many teachers who can be regarded as future generations. But Zhuge Liang's fame is particularly high today, and those who are not destroyed but are well known by the people are truly outstanding. Exploring the reasons why Zhuge Liang was buried in Dingjun Mountain clearly makes us feel his noble sentiment of "devoting all his efforts to death" and his great spirit of never forgetting the Northern Expedition and persistent pursuit until death.

This is the first time for the author to practice, and I thank the teacher for his guidance. I would like to express my sincere thanks here. Please correct me if there are any omissions and mistakes.