Income and expenditure accounting knowledge for family life (February 20, 2017)

? Most people have the impression that financial personnel are like hunched accounting clerks, dealing with numbers every day, which is very boring. ? Not many non-professionals are willing to learn some financial knowledge, unless they are business owners who have to understand financial knowledge because of work needs. In fact, every company, every family, and even every person is inseparable from the balance between dreams and financial goals, and they all need to understand some financial knowledge. ?With the development of the economy and the progress of society, financial knowledge seems to have begun to enter every company, every family, and even everyone; more and more people are beginning to understand and learn some financial knowledge. At least every department manager in the company needs to know some financial knowledge, otherwise they will be confused when discussing budgets and investment return rates during meetings. Also, when buying treasury bonds and stocks, I don’t know how to calculate income, and I can’t understand the annual report data of listed companies. I don’t know how to get a reasonable loan when buying a house, how to avoid taxes and pay less, and I’m completely left to the mercy of the intermediary. If we don’t understand financial knowledge, will some of our hard-earned money be lost invisibly?

1. Case 1

Zhang San bought a second-hand house with a total price of 5 million yuan and an agency fee of 100,000 yuan. He checked online and the deed tax was only 50,000 yuan. The budget was 5.2 million yuan, but the taxes paid were a lot more. Zhang San was very depressed. The agent and the owner both told you that the house was less than 5 years old. Why is there such a big tax gap? If you have lived for more than five years, you will not have to pay personal income tax. If you have lived for less than five years or for more than five years, you will have to pay income tax on the difference of 20. The original house is only worth 500,000. Do you think it is 20 of 4.5 million?

Angry, but now that we have reached this point, we can only think of ways to borrow money. He also asked if he would pay too much tax if he was less than five years old. The agent said that the online visa was lower and the only way was for those who were over five years old. No difference, the contract was signed under the deception of a small intermediary.

Analysis

If he knows some financial knowledge, he will ask the original value, and also ask the small intermediary to clearly calculate the taxes and various expenses he has to pay. List each item on the paper and compare it with your own situation, such as down payment, loan amount, interest rate, repayment method and years, online signing price, various taxes and fees and how they are calculated. By waiting for the time of item payment, you will not be so passive, and you will not be easily fooled by small intermediaries.

2. Case 2

Xiao Li is a typical moonlight earner. Before the salary is paid every month, he borrows money from everywhere, eats one meal without finishing, and is helpless. Waiting for wages to be paid. As a result, I paid my salary, paid off my debts, started shopping again, and invited friends, but before it was time to pay my salary, I started borrowing money from everywhere again...

? In fact, Xiao Li learned simple accounting and budgeting, and then understood Just some financial knowledge. After each month's salary is paid, make a simple plan. How much must be spent, how much will be retained, and how much will be spent flexibly. Write it down in a ledger and execute it according to the plan. If there is additional demand, adjust it next month. The urge to spend may disappear after a month. There are also many stock traders who never understand cost-benefit and risk diversification.

3. Case 3

? Xiao Wang is from the purchasing department. One day, the company held an internal meeting to discuss the selection of suppliers. The financial manager said that a company as big as ours must find qualified suppliers. Suppliers who can issue special VAT invoices. Xiao Wang told the supplier who issued special VAT invoices that payment would be made 20 days after the goods arrived, and invoices would be issued upon payment. The financial manager found that the value-added tax was much higher than last month, so he went to Xiao Wang to ask for invoice certification and deduction. Xiao Wang said that the invoice was not issued because it was due next month, so I asked the supplier to issue an invoice next month. There is a joke I heard. When an accountant went to file a tax return and forgot to fill in the input tax, the tax officer said to go back and fill it in. The accountant called the boss and the boss stopped filling it in.

Analysis

? Because Xiao Wang does not know financial knowledge and does not know the input tax on next month’s invoice, he cannot deduct this month’s output tax. How much will it cost this month? Pay value-added tax. In that joke, if you don’t fill in the input tax, you will have to pay more tax. Does the accountant understand? How to convey the news to the boss? If the boss has some financial knowledge, he can avoid unnecessary losses.

? We can learn some financial knowledge based on our own financial situation. Learning accounting knowledge is of great benefit not only to the company but also to the family.

Our current assets and liabilities, and our income and expense statements. Each of us is actually similar to a company, with its own financial center. The accounts of listed companies must be disclosed to the outside world and subject to supervision by relevant departments, but we can only keep our own to ourselves. So, no matter what, you need to have a clear understanding of your financial situation.

1. Household Balance Sheet

Household balance sheet, simply put, is how much assets your family has, how many liabilities it has yet to repay, and how much net worth you have after excluding liabilities. A balance sheet shows how much money an individual or family manages and all debts it has. Many people don't even know how much assets they have, nor how much debt they have. How do you know how much investment you can put out every month?

Five items to pay attention to:

1. Inventory the current value of assets and liabilities. Calculated based on current inventory value only.

2. The income from assets. You clearly understand the income generated by assets.

3. When it comes to debt, you know how long it will take to pay off the debt.

4. Real estate (self-use) here refers to your own house

5. Items such as real estate or cars can be roughly estimated. Please fill in as little as possible, and do not exceed your own asset estimate. on the high side.

2. Monthly Income and Expenditure Statement

1. The income item refers to the monthly income that should be filled in.

2. Parents’ household expenses refer to the money used to support their parents every month.

3. Annual income and expenditure statement

Five items to note:

1. The annual income and expenditure includes items in the monthly income and expenditure statement.

2. Year-end dividends are paid once a year, so they are recorded in the annual income and expenditure statement.

3. Premium expenses are also paid every year, so they are recorded in the annual income and expenditure statement.

Several useful family financial management ratios

1. Balance ratio = balance/after-tax income, the normal value is above 0.3.

2. Investment to net assets ratio = investment assets/net assets

3. Debt ratio = total liabilities/total assets

4. Liability-to-income ratio = Liabilities/after-tax income, such as your house payment or car payment, should not exceed 40% of your after-tax income per month.

Qiu Yanmin February 20, 2016