Write a comment on the Taoist temple and his mood.

Appreciation 1: Yu's "Historical Unfortunate Writing Dunhuang Documents in Mogao Grottoes" and the author's thinking about it have aroused my doubts and thoughts. The work begins with Taoist Wang, saying that he is a sinner in Dunhuang Grottoes. Although the author also realizes that "even we will be bored if his ignorant body is completely burdened with this heavy cultural debt", he also mentions the ignorance and corruption of some officials. However, quite a lot of angry floods poured down on him. What is "too humble, too small, too ignorant", what is "clown", "dirty" and so on. The work describes in detail how Taoist Wang discovered Dunhuang documents and sold them to Stein and others. The title of the article is very telling. It should be said that the whole article is closely related to the topic of "Daota". This gives people an impression that it seems to be as the author said: "Unfortunately, the Taoist King became the hometown of the Mogao Grottoes and mastered the most splendid culture in ancient China." It seems that the tragedy would not have happened if a literate person had been in charge.

Appreciation 2: Yu's cultural prose reveals a cultural tragedy and a huge national tragedy, but apart from anger and sadness, the author failed to tell us the root of such a tragedy. The fate of "dislocation" is the root of historical absurdity, the system of "cosmopolitan" is the realistic factor of national tragedy, and the backwardness of cultural cognitive consciousness is the cultural background and root of this tragedy.

Appreciation 3: The Taoist King was buried in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes for more than 70 years. He was a Taoist, but he finally fell asleep in the Buddha's arms, which is a very rare exception. More interestingly, since ancient times, Wang is still the only Taoist who can build a tower after his death, and the tower he buried is higher and bigger than other towers. These two exceptions.

Appreciation IV: The Taoist King in Yu's Works ―― Comment on the Taoist King's Image in Daota

Liu Malin of Lanpu School in Loudi, Hunan Province

It is no exaggeration to say that Mr. Yu is the most striking cultural figure today. Not to mention the glory of the past, recent criticism is enough.

The author attaches great importance to the Taoist Tower, which is the beginning of a cultural journey. Critics also attach great importance to the Tuscan tower. The commentary version of Tuscany Tower is specially made. (Attached)

Speaking of Daota, Taoist King is a key figure.

In "Taoist Temple Tower", the author not only wrote the identity of the destroyer and seller of Taoist King's cultural relics, but also destroyed the murals and sculptures in Dunhuang. He is a sinner in Dunhuang. I also wrote about the helplessness of Taoist Wang, who was born as a farmer and forced by life. He improved the living environment, painted the house and shaped the immortal official. In his view, everything is natural. As for selling cultural relics, it is more natural. It is even more unreasonable to put the heavy responsibility of cultural relics protection on Taoist Wang. Therefore, the author wrote in an article: "Let his ignorant body fully bear this heavy cultural debt, even we will be bored. So the author finally defined Taoist Wang as a clown who stood up in tragedy.

The author doesn't want to belittle and expose the "evil" of "the clown who stood up because of mistakes in tragedy", but only restores the real characters in history by artistic means. This is the "raw bone" feature of Mr. Yu's prose, or "sensational".

"Dead bones" refers to historical facts, while "raw meat" refers to vivid "people", vivid "things" and profound "feelings" created by historical facts. Let's look at an introduction to Taoist Wang on a China cultural website:

Taoist Wang (1849- 193 1) was born in Macheng, Hubei. Real name Yuan Rou, recorded as Yuan, recorded as. Poor family, fleeing everywhere for food and clothing. In the early years of Guangxu in Qing dynasty, he joined the Suzhou patrol camp as a soldier. After serving Taoism, he left the army, was ordained as a Taoist, and traveled around Xinjiang. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), I went to Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes. In the south and north of the grottoes, he cleaned sand and stones, burned incense, received alms and preached four times. With a little savings, he built the Taiqing Palace Taoist Temple on the east side of Cave No.1 16 of Mogao Grottoes, which is now the "Si Xia". Yang, a poor man in Dunhuang, was employed as a copywriter, copying Taoist scriptures and selling them in winter and spring. In summer and autumn, pilgrims come into the mountains in an endless stream. Yang was ordered to set up a case in the tunnel of 16 hole today to receive pilgrims, write seals for them, collect alms and register them. In the early summer of Guangxu's twenty-sixth year, Yang sat in the tunnel of this cave and went back to the north wall to knock on a hookah head. He felt an empty echo and suspected that there was a secret room. Tell Lu Yuan. So on the night of May 25th, 2008, when we were exploring broken walls, we found this complicated room, which was filled with writing scrolls, printed books, painted banners, bronze Buddha statues and so on. , that is, the famous Buddhist scriptures of Mogao Grottoes at home and abroad. Giving some scrolls and Buddhist paintings to the pavilion of Bingbei Road in Suzhou and the county magistrate and squire is the beginning of the outflow of cultural relics from the Tibetan Sutra Cave. Twenty-eight years, Gansu scholar Ye heard the news. In November of the following year and April and August of thirty years, he received scrolls and portraits from Zonghan Wang, a magistrate of Dunhuang. Ye suggested that the vassal king transport this treasure to the province for safekeeping, with a freight of 56,200 yuan. In March of thirty years, the Chief Secretary of Gansu ordered Wang to seal it on the spot. The king ordered the Taoist king to take good care of it and not let it flow out. In thirty-two years, a three-story pavilion was built in front of the grottoes where the Sutra Cave is located, and the merits of rebuilding the three-story building of the Thousand Buddha Cave were recorded. From March to May of thirty-three years, Stein went to the Mogao Grottoes to cheat and bought twenty-four boxes of printed ancient books, five boxes of Buddhist paintings and embroidery with four pieces of horseshoe silver (weighing 220 * *). From March to May in 34 years, pelliot immediately bought 6,000 volumes of manuscripts, printed books, scriptures, documents and Buddhist paintings with 520 silver coins, and took 376 photos of the Mogao Grottoes. In the second year of Xuantong (19 10), after the Qing court learned that there were scattered cultural relics in Dunhuang stone chambers, it ordered Gansu Francisco to transport the remaining scrolls back to Beijing for safekeeping, and Taoist Wang kept some privately. In about the same year, tunnels were dug in dozens of caves to connect them, and a large number of murals were destroyed. Build the "Guhan Bridge" to facilitate worshippers to go up and down the mountain. Move out of the remaining plastic caves and build the "Thousand-phase Tower"? In fact, there is an inscription written by Ding Dong and Dan on the Thousand-Buddha Pagoda in Dunhuang. In October of the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Koichiro Yoshikawa and others went to the Mogao Grottoes and bought and wrote more than 400 volumes of scriptures with 352 taels of silver. 19 14, stein came to the Mogao grottoes again and bought more than 570 classics with 520 taels of silver. Lured by outsiders, Taoist Wang stole and sold national cultural relics, and four of them got 1552 silver, even more from fundraising over the years, becoming the richest man in Dunhuang. It was originally planned to rebuild the ninth floor of the Great Buddha Hall in Cave 96. After his death, he was buried on the east bank of Daquan River in front of Mogao Grottoes. On July 30th of the same year, he went to Yu Yuming and his disciple Fang Zhifu to erect a monument to his tomb. The monument was carved out of wood and is still embedded in the niche on the south side of the original tower.

Taoist Wang only stayed in the narrative of the incident, without depicting the spiritual depth of Taoist Wang. It can be said that he only sees things but not people. In the text, it is like this:

Taoist Wang gets up early every day and likes to walk around the cave, just like an old farmer, watching his house. He is a little dissatisfied with the murals in the cave and looks a little dizzy. I wish it were brighter. He found two helpers and brought a bucket of lime. Put a long handle on the grass brush, soak it in the lime bucket and start his painting. The first time lime was painted too thin, and the color was still faintly visible. The farmer told him to do things seriously, and he brushed it carefully for the second time. The air here is dry, and the lime will soon dry. There is nothing left. Laughter in the Tang Dynasty and clothes in the Song Dynasty are all white in the cave. The Taoist priest simply smiled and inquired about the market price of lime. He calculated that it was unnecessary to brush more caves for the time being, so let's brush these. He put down the brush handle philosophically.

When the walls of several caves were completely painted, the plastic sculpture of the middle seat was too eye-catching. In a clean farmhouse, their graceful posture is too ostentatious, and their gentle smiles are a bit embarrassing. The Taoist priest remembered his identity. As a Taoist, why don't you get some Shi Tian and Lingguan Bodhisattvas here? He told his assistant to borrow some hammers to bend the original plastic sculpture. Things are not bad, only a few times, graceful posture into pieces, gentle smile into mud. It is said that there are several masons in the neighboring village. They invited them, mixed some mud and began to build his celestial spirit officer. The mason said that he had never done this kind of work, and the Taoist comforted him. I might as well mean that. So, just like an urchin making a snowman, here is the nose, here are the hands and feet, and finally you can sit still. All right. Get more lime and paint it. Draw a pair of eyes and a beard. It looks decent. The Taoist priest took a deep breath, thanked several masons, and then made the next plan.

The cultural level of peasants, the ideological realm of Taoism and the simple and honest character of China civilians in Wang's works are vividly shown. The author's purpose in portraying this character is not to satirize farmers, Taoists and civilians in China. But to highlight "this is a huge national tragedy." Let a person who has no criminal consciousness commit a heinous crime. What could be more tragic than this?

In order to write a living Taoist king, the author also tried to restore historical events through imagination, such as writing Stan's scriptures:

That Stein coaxed him into saying that he admired Tang Priest, and this time he came to China from India to study Buddhist scriptures in the footsteps of Tang Priest backwards. Well, since it's a foreign Tang priest, take it away. The Taoist king opened the door in high spirits.

Taoist king nodded frequently, bowed deeply and sent him a ride. He respectfully addressed Stan because "the Secretary-General is afraid of making promises" and called pelliot "the owner of the bay is afraid of making peace". He has some heavy silver dollars in his pocket, which is hard to get in ordinary charity. After saying goodbye, I thanked Master Si and Master Bei for their "charity". The motorcade has left, and he is still standing at the intersection. In the desert, two deep ruts.

The loss of Dunhuang cultural relics is a tragedy. The depth of this tragedy also lies in the fact that it is difficult for us to express our views on this incident with simple judgments.

Taoist King is an ordinary China man. If he is not in Dunhuang, nothing will happen, so we can't pursue him too much. It can be considered that so many cultural relics in Dunhuang were lost through his hands, and we have to ignore them. Love cannot be loved, and hate cannot be hated. All that remains is "pain"-"the wound of an ancient nation is bleeding".

This deep "pain" is not only manifested in the figure of Taoist king, but also in the attitude towards the whereabouts of cultural relics. As China people, they naturally want to stay in China. Can think of those who stayed in China but were destroyed, it is better to leave it to others. In such a tragic society, "it is difficult here and there, so I can only let him stop crying in the desert." This feeling of anger is the driving force of the author's creation and the drum beat that moves the readers. Critics call it "sensational". What good prose is not "sensational"? I think, if these contents are really removed from Mr. Yu's article, it will really become a "shallow" paper, or a "published" prose.

I can hardly speak, and my eyes are shaking with those brushes and hammers. "Stop it!" I cried out in pain at the bottom of my heart, only to see the Taoist king turn his face and be full of doubts. Yes, he is tidying up his house. Why do idle people make trouble? I even want to kneel down to him and beg him in a low voice, "Please wait, wait …" But what are you waiting for? My heart is still pale.

But I really want to stop their motorcade in this way. Stand at each other in the desert. They will seriously say that you are incapable of learning; Ok, let's find a place first and sit down and compare our knowledge. We can do anything, but we can't quietly take away the legacy left by our ancestors.

Faced with the great trauma of the Chinese nation, under the control of extreme sadness, readers will involuntarily sing when they read this, regardless of whether the author's participation in the narrative is reasonable or not.

In the long history, Taoist Wang is an ordinary farmer, a Taoist who abides by the canon and an ignorant cultural relic protection worker. He caused incalculable losses to China. In The Taoist Tower, Taoist Wang is an actor who goes to the wrong stage, plays the wrong role and says the wrong lines. We read helpless sadness from him.