Reflection. How?

1. Get out.

The essence of reflection is rethinking. You have an idea first, and then you think about it. This is reflection. However, to rethink, we must first get out of our existing ideas.

It sounds easy to go out, but it's actually very difficult. Psychologist Kahneman pointed out that when we think, just like doing manual labor, we also apply the "least effort rule". In addition, there is a psychologist named Yasiniu Vicky, and there is another saying that we are all "cognitive misers". The "least effort rule" and "cognitive miser" are talking about the same phenomenon, that is, when we are thinking, there is such a guiding rule, that is, how to save trouble and how to come. If there is an idea, there is an idea. Most people will live and work in this idea and will not want to go out to reflect.

Drucker had a unique way out. Before making important decisions, write down the expected goals. After one year, compare the final goal with the expected goal you wrote down. This is feedback analysis.

There are two kinds of feedback analysis. The first advantage is easy to see, that is, plan ahead, you plan ahead, and you have to come out later.

The second advantage is that the core action of feedback analysis is that you write down your expected goal in advance and compare the actual goal with the expected goal afterwards.

There is another difficulty in coming out, that is, when I think about it later, I have forgotten what my original idea was. There is a concept in psychology called rationalization, that is, we regard the final result as the initial result. So, before you act, you write down your expected goals, that is, write down your initial thoughts. A year later, when you look back, you will know what you really think. In other words, feedback analysis helps you find out what you really thought at the beginning and avoid rationalization afterwards.

Release your emotions.

Positive emotions can hinder your reflection. Is there an IKEA effect? In other words, we will like what we make. Furniture is like this, so is thought. We will prefer our own ideas. This brings a side effect, that is, I don't want to think that it may be wrong, and I don't want to reconsider it.

The method of pre-reflection is called rehearsal failure, that is, before the project is carried out, it is assumed that the project will eventually fail completely, and what the reasons may be. Now I can tell you the benefits of this method more clearly. First of all, this method allows you to come out naturally. There are already project plans and ideas, but we can't stay there. We must quit the plan.

And this method can naturally let go of emotions. If you put forward an action plan, many people have made efforts, which may have an IKEA effect, making you overestimate its correctness and underestimate its risks. But now with the method of rehearsal failure, the most basic assumption is that the project is finally determined to have failed. This assumption helps you to let go of your emotions, your feelings about existing plans, and start thinking about new possibilities. This is also in line with the second major element of reflection.

Positive emotions hinder our reflection, and negative emotions hinder our reflection even more. If I ask you, have you made a big mistake? There are always few people who admit it Those who didn't raise their hands, some people don't think they made a big mistake, but many people actually know they made a big mistake. But they don't want to raise their hands to admit it. Why? Because they can't let go of their emotions. Because big failures are often accompanied by very negative emotions. You don't want to think about this failure, because when you think about it, those negative feelings will come to mind.

Some scholars named this phenomenon "emotional label". In your mind, these things are labeled as "emotional". You don't want to recall these things because there is this negative emotional label attached to it. So you don't want to recall, because you can't let go of your feelings, and you don't want to rethink your past thoughts. So emotionally, it is difficult to reflect on failure.

Telling jokes is actually reflection. If you joke about your failure, it may be reflection. Why? If you can make fun of your failure, it means that, first of all, you have pulled out of this failure. Second, you let go of your feelings. You can joke about it, you have let go of negative emotions.

Step 3 change the angle

Changing the angle is the core element of reflection. The essence of reflection is rethinking. You have thought, that is, you have an old angle, and now you think again, that is, you have to think from a different angle.

"Thinking from the perspective of others" is different from "thinking from the perspective of others". Empathy is thinking from the perspective of others. It is just the opposite to think from the standpoint of others. Ask yourself this question: What would someone do if they were in my position? Moreover, this other person is not an abstract person, but a concrete person in my position. What would he do?

Substitution thinking is a very good reflection skill. Think about it, what are the advantages of changing people's thinking? First, when you use alternative thinking, you naturally change your perspective. For example, you ask: What will my superiors think of this problem? When you ask this question, you naturally look at the problem from a higher level. This will help you realize the third element of reflection: changing the angle. Moreover, alternative thinking also helps you naturally realize the second element of reflection and let go of your emotions. Because, the person you changed is not you, he doesn't have your feelings.

The fourth element of reflection is to guide practice for better practice in the future.

To sum up, the four factors are: pulling away from yourself, letting go of emotions, bringing in, and practicing from multiple angles.