In the past, there were two male and female pigeons. Answers to the classical Chinese essay

1. In the past, there were two male and female pigeons. Classical Chinese

In the past, there were two male and female pigeons sitting in the same nest. When the autumn fruits were ripe, the nest was full of fruits.

Later, the number of fruit stems decreased and only half of the nest remained. The male and the female said: "You work hard to get the fruit, but you eat it alone, and only half of it is there."

The female pigeon replied: "If I don't eat alone, the fruit will be reduced." The male pigeon didn't believe it, and said it angrily. : "If you don't eat alone, why should it be reduced?" Even if you peck the female pigeon with your beak, it will be killed.

After a few days, it rained heavily, and the fruit was moistened and returned to its original state. When the male pigeon saw it, he felt remorseful: "It won't eat, so I killed it in vain."

Then it screamed sadly and called the female pigeon: "Where are you going!" Translation: There were two pigeons, male and female. Living together in the same nest. When the fruits are ripe in autumn, a nest full of them will be taken.

Later, the fruit shrank and became only half a nest. The male pigeon scolded the female pigeon: "I brought the fruit, you worked hard, and you ate it alone, only half of it was left."

The female pigeon replied: "I didn't eat it secretly, the fruit decreased by itself." The male pigeon didn't believe it and said angrily: "If you didn't eat it alone, how could it be reduced?" Then he pecked the female pigeon to death.

A few days later, it rained heavily, and the fruits got wet and returned to their original nest. When the male pigeon saw it, he began to regret: "She did not eat, I killed her by mistake."

Then he cried sadly and called the female pigeon: "Where have you been?" It means acting impulsively, blindly, and without reason. Jumping to conclusions often leads to big mistakes that cannot be made up for even if one regrets in the future. The source of "Hundred Parables" is called "Hundred Parables", which means that there are one hundred parable stories, but there are only ninety-eight parable stories in existence. There are two ways to say "hundred", one is an integer. The second is to add the introduction to the front volume and the insults at the end of the volume to make a hundred chapters.

The full text of "The Book of Hundred Parables" is more than 20,000 words, with a single structure. Each article adopts a two-step method. The first step is to tell a story, which is an introduction, and the second step is a metaphor to explain a Buddhist doctrine. . It was translated from Sanskrit into Chinese and has a history of more than 1,500 years.

As soon as this sutra was circulated, it was welcomed by readers. "The Book of One Hundred Parables", formerly titled "The Book of One Hundred Parables", consists of four volumes (or five volumes). It is a work that uses allegories to illustrate teachings.

This book was collected by the Indian Sangha Sena in the fifth century. At the end of the book there are six verses from the author's postscript.

The postscript of the poem says: "The Venerable Sangha Sena composed "The Chihua Garland"." "Chihua Garland" should be the original title of this book.

There are more than 300 words in sequence before the first metaphor in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasty Tibetan editions. It says that the Buddha preached this sutra to five hundred people of different schools of Brahma in the Magpie Feng Bamboo Garden in Rajagaha City, and chanted it with Sangha Sina. The discrepancy is obviously added by later generations. This book was written at a time when Indian fable literature was at its peak, and when the famous Panchatantra (a collection of Sanskrit fables written by Brahmin scholars to teach noble children) was popular. It can be said to be a timely work, but in In India, no Sanskrit version of it has been found until now.

The translator of this book is Qiu Napidhi, a Chinese Indian and a disciple of Sanghasna. He is intelligent and has a strong memory, and can recite more than 100,000 words of Mahayana and Mahayana sutras.

He recited all the hundreds of similes collected by Sangha Sena and understood their meaning deeply. He came to Jianye in the early Jianyuan period of the Southern Qi Dynasty (479) and lived in Biliye Temple. On September 10, the tenth year of Yongming (492), he translated this book. "Sutra" in one volume each. Later, he took photos of his disciples at Zhiguan Temple in Jianye and became very famous. In the second year of Zhongxing (502), he stayed at Zhiguan Temple.

This book belongs to the category of metaphors among the twelve classics. Each chapter is composed of metaphors and methods. A metaphor is a short fable, and a dharma is the teaching shown in this fable.

These fables mainly describe humorous and ridiculous things. They are very ironic and can also be used as jokes. Sangha Sina said in the postscript: This book uses a joking method to explain the Buddha's teachings, such as using bitter medicine and stone honey. Although the taste of honey is lost, it is mainly used to cure diseases.

Tell a joke first and then talk about Buddhism, such as taking medicine by spitting it out first, and then moisturizing the body with cake. The joke contains Buddhist teachings, such as leaves wrapped in Agatha medicine. I hope readers will only take the Agatha medicine of Buddhism and abandon the leaves of laughter.

However, the fables described in each chapter of this sutra may have been spread among the people in the past and later adopted by Buddhist scholars. The extant parable scriptures in the Chinese Tripitaka include, in addition to this book, one volume of the Dao-lue collection "Miscellaneous Parity Sutra", translated by Yao Qin Kumarajiva, and the Dao-lue collection "Zhongjing Zhongshuan Miscellaneous Parables" in two volumes, etc.

The metaphors in this book about curing whiplash, the snake's head and tail fighting in front, the metaphor about trampling on the elder's mouth, and the metaphor about robbing and dividing wealth are just like the 23rd and 23rd chapters in the "Miscellaneous Parables Sutra". Twenty-five, fourteen, and sixteen are equivalent metaphors. Also, the metaphor of a fool gathering cow's milk and the metaphor of seeing a golden shadow under water are similar to the sixth and forty-two metaphors in "Zhongjing Compilation of Miscellaneous Parables".

They may have some relationship in origin. But from a structural point of view, the rest of the Parables are not as neat as those described in this book.

The content of this book, among the four volumes, is the twenty-one parables in the first volume, the twenty parables in the second volume, the twenty-four parables in the third volume, and the thirty-three parables in the fourth volume, ** *Ninety-eight metaphors. The name "Hundred Metaphors" should be used to refer to a large number of them.

To sum up the meaning of each metaphor, it can be divided into three categories: 1. Among them, there are ten kinds that can cure troubles: (1) those that treat greed, there are the 16th sugarcane metaphor, the 17th metaphor There are seven metaphors, including the metaphor of a debt with half a penny. (2) To cure anger, there are four metaphors, including the metaphor of the thirteenth saying that people like to be angry, and the metaphor of the forty-eighth wild stems as broken branches. (3) To cure ignorance, There are nineteen metaphors including the eighth mountain Qiang stealing official treasury, the ninth lamenting the father's virtues, and other nineteen metaphors. (4) To deal with slowness, there are four metaphors such as the twenty-eighth metaphor of women's trade and the forty-third metaphor of grinding a big stone. , (5) To cure doubts, there are the 26th Parable of the King's Eyes, the 70th Parable of the Fruit of Taste the Temple, and (6) to cure the body's view, there are the 30th Parable of the Shepherd and the 70th Parable of the Shepherd. There are four metaphors, including the metaphor of the thirty-five precious baskets and mirrors. (7) To treat side views, there are two metaphors: the 61st metaphor of the cause of creation by Brahma disciples and the 62nd metaphor of a patient eating pheasant meat. (8) To cure wrong views. There are the fifty-eighth metaphor of two sons dividing wealth, the ninety-fourth metaphor of Mani water sinus and two metaphors, (9) the antidote, the fourth metaphor of a woman pretending to be dead, the fifth metaphor of seeing water when thirsty, etc. Three metaphors, (10) are used to treat abstinence and prohibition, including the first metaphor of a fool eating salt, the twelfth metaphor of boiling black stone and honey, and other eight metaphors. 2. Among them, there are four types of metaphors that deal with evil deeds: (1) To deal with stinginess, there are four metaphors such as the second parable of the milk of fools and the parable of sixty-five and five hundred happy pills. (2) To deal with those who violate the precepts, There are eighteen metaphors such as the sixth son's death wish to stop at home, the fourteenth metaphor of killing the merchant to worship heaven, etc. (3) To deal with evil destiny, there are the third metaphor of breaking the head with a pear, the seventh metaphor of recognizing someone as a brother, etc. Seven metaphors: (4) To treat laziness, there are five metaphors, including the fifteenth metaphor of the doctor and the royal daughter's medicine, and the forty-seventh metaphor of the poor man making mandarin ducks.

3. Among them, there are two types of those who explain the meaning of Dharma: (1) those who explain the meaning of emptiness, such as the 49th child who strives to distinguish hairy metaphors, the 52nd Jier who makes music metaphors, etc. 2. Read the following classical Chinese text and answer the following questions

Question 1: D

Question 2: D

Question 3: B

Question 4: (1) (Brother Xiong) did not take precautions, and after a while, he was finally eaten by a raccoon. (2) This is what the Art of War calls tempting him and making him proud. (3) Li's approach is completely in line with the art of war, but Xiong Ge fell into his whole scheme without realizing it.

Question 1:

Question analysis: Thin: approaching. In recent years, the examination of content word questions has become more difficult. The 120 content words specified in the examination syllabus are generally deliberately avoided, and the examination question options are mixed with classical Chinese phenomena such as Chinese characters, ancient and modern idioms, and the use of parts of speech. Methods for answering questions include "structural analysis method", "grammatical analysis method", "morphological definition method", "application into grammar" and "apply textbook method". However, these methods all require a certain knowledge of classical Chinese. The best method is to use the given word meanings. Translate it to the original text and see if the meaning is smooth to determine whether the answer is correct or not. This question can be analyzed using idioms. The word "bo" in "日博西山" means "approaching".

Question 2:

Question analysis: D is a conjunction, indicating the reason; A personal pronoun, his/demonstrative pronoun, which; B modal particle/pronoun, he; C Conjunctions indicate transitions/conjunctions indicate modifications. We should pay attention to the meaning and usage of classical Chinese function words. The usage mainly depends on the part of speech and grammatical function.

Question 3:

Question analysis: This type of question is generally not too difficult. The main issues are confusion of people, time, place, events and mistranslation of key terms. It should be very simple to grasp these aspects and carefully read the original text to find errors. The order is "Don't chase the enemy when you are weak, avoid it when you are strong", "Inducing the enemy into arrogance", "Attack the enemy who is unprepared and take him by surprise". Options are in wrong order.

Question 4:

Question analysis: The translation question is a highly differentiated question. You must pay attention to literal translation, because the time for judging the paper is tight, and generally it depends on the translation of key words. situation, so if it is not a literal translation, sometimes the meaning is correct and the teacher may have misjudged it.

Also pay attention to classical Chinese sentence patterns. If there are "judgement sentences", "passive sentences", "object preposition sentences", "attributive postposition sentences", "object postposition sentences", and "elliptical sentences" stipulated in the examination syllabus, they must be included in the translation. embodied. Important words: (1) Ju Wuhe - after a while, unexpectedly - finally, for - being (passive sentence). (2) Arrogant - makes him proud (judgmental sentence). (3) Xi - complete, nai - but, swim - fall into.

Reference translation

Ye Hou’s family got two pigeons, tied their wings, and raised them in the countryside. The raccoon knew they couldn't resist, so he grabbed the female pigeon and ate her. The male pigeon was very angry and pecked the raccoon with his beak. The raccoon howled and left. A few days later, (Ye Hou) got another female pigeon, and Li Lai ate her again. However, because she had been pecked before, she seemed to be afraid of the male pigeon and did not dare to approach her. Therefore, the cock thinks he is powerful and does not take any precautions. Not long after, he was finally eaten by a raccoon.

I read the story of the raccoon and the dove and felt deeply about it. When the raccoon first arrived, it probably wanted to catch the male and female pigeons and eat them together. However, he was exhausted when he caught the female pigeon, and he also guessed that the male pigeon would resist desperately, so he howled and left for the time being, avoiding the sharp edge of the male pigeon: this is the principle in the art of war: "Don't chase the weak enemy," and "Avoid the strong one." When the raccoon came later, it didn't want to eat the male pigeon first, but it knew that the male pigeon must have been prepared, but the female pigeon was not, so it adopted the easy (strategy) first and then the difficult (strategy). Moreover, it also uses this to show the male pigeon that (it) only eats female pigeons, so that the male pigeon is no longer afraid: this is the theory of "lure" and "arrogance" in the art of war. By this time, the cock had begun to slack off, and the raccoon took advantage of its slackness to pounce. It was absolutely foolproof: this is the principle of "attacking the unprepared and taking the enemy by surprise" in the art of war.

Ah! The raccoon's behavior was completely in line with the art of war, and the male pigeon still didn't know it had fallen into its trap.

I think the pigeon is not really invincible to the raccoon; and when the male pigeon pecks the raccoon, the raccoon is not without any fear at first. If the male and female pigeons help each other and fight against the raccoon, even though the raccoon is strong, why will they both be eaten by it? (Some people) rely on their own strength and do not know how to help their fellows; (if) their fellows (all) die, they themselves will also perish. What a pity! 3. Pigeon "inspector" reading answers

1. Ordinary and dull 2. Continuous flow: describes pedestrians, carriages and horses, etc. coming and going like water, continuously. Impartial: describes impartiality, strictness, and extreme ruthlessness: Describe special; extremely; extreme to do something 3, argue, distinguish 4, A5, steady flow, selfless, meticulous. Pigeons have a pair of eyes with strong discernment ability, which can identify extremely subtle changes in the outside world. In an integrated circuit company in New Zealand In the manufacturing factory, some specially trained pigeons stand energetically patrolling the endless flow of assembly lines. Once defective products appear, they will pick them out without mercy. In pharmaceutical factories, pigeons also bear the important task of inspectors. It monitors the size and color of the drug particles and refines the drug without reservation. In the steelmaking plant, pigeons can detect gas leaks and sound an alarm when necessary. In the machinery factory, pigeons are also responsible for inspecting the quality of machines. The reason why the pigeon can perform the task of "inspector" meticulously is because it has a pair of keen eyes. 1 Write the opposite of the following words. Special ( ) Sharp ( ) 2 Write the following words in context Meaning. Continuous flow _________ Selfless _________ Extremely __________ 3. Choose words to fill in the blanks. Dispute and argue (1) Xiaoli doesn’t want to have anything to do with him anymore. (2) He has a strong () ability of right and wrong. 4 , this article mainly talks about: () A. Pigeons have a pair of keen eyes. B. Pigeons have a pair of keen eyes. They can identify extremely subtle changes in the outside world and meticulously carry out the tasks of the "inspector" in the factory. Task. C. The pigeon has a pair of keen eyes. It can patrol the machine and check the quality of the product unselfishly. 5. Please find several idioms in the text and copy them down. 4. Answers to classical Chinese reading of "Plucking seedlings to help them grow"

"Plucking seedlings to encourage growth"

There was a man named Min in the Song Dynasty who pinched the seedlings when they were not growing long. He returned with a bright light and said to him: "I am sick today!" I will help the seedlings grow!" His son came to look at them, but the seedlings were withered. There are very few people in the world who don’t help young people grow up! Those who think it is useless and abandon it are those who do not cultivate the seedlings; those who help the elders are those who tear out the seedlings; they are not useless but also harmful.

Ancient Chinese translation

There was a man in the ancient Song Dynasty who was worried that his seedlings would not grow taller, so he pulled up the seedlings. He was very tired at the end of the day. When he got home, he said to his family: "Today we can make some crops." I'm exhausted, I helped the seedlings grow taller!" After hearing this, his son hurried to the field to see the seedlings, but they all withered. There are very few people in the world who don’t want their seedlings to grow faster! People who give up the seedlings because they think they are of no use are like lazy people who do not weed the seedlings. Those who presume to help it grow are like those who try to force it to grow. Not only do they do no good, but they actually harm it.

There are only a few people in the world who do not help seedlings grow up

Widow: few

Those who think it is useless and abandon them

Abandon: do not leave Control

It is useless to be a gangster

Benefit: benefit, benefit.

The dotted word "Zhi" in the following sentences is different from the other three usages:

A. Min Qi's seedlings do not grow long

B . His children tend to look at him C. He who helps his elders is also a person who pulls out the seedlings D. He is not useless, but also harms him

A Particles and other pronouns