The knowledge points of chemistry and life in the third grade chemistry should be in the form of tables.

With the development of the times, science and technology, chemistry and people's lives are getting closer and closer. As we all know, things around us are made up of many chemical elements, including those essential to our human body. Chemistry has played an inestimable role in human life.

As we all know, how did salt come from? By studying modern humans through chemistry, salt is inexhaustible. In the past, people didn't master scientific methods, and it was often boiled salt or iodine deficiency in salt that led to neck diseases.

In daily life, chemistry has brought many conveniences to human beings, such as washing powder and soap, household purification products, beer, people's favorite drinks and steamed bread.

Put some soda water, bread buns and white ones. There are many examples

Oxygen supply, which is closely related to chemistry and medicine, uses sodium peroxide and carbon dioxide to save many lives, and I am one of them. People also use scientific methods to make physiological saline to alleviate the pain of patients. In modern times, mankind has invented many new drugs and conquered an incurable disease, such as penicillin. However, cancer and AIDS are still the helplessness of doctors. I believe these two problems will be solved by our future successors.

Chemistry plays an important role in some major scientific fields. The fuel needed for rocket launch is the principle that hydrogen and oxygen burn water. However, cruel humans once again took chemicals to war, and Japanese imperialism used chemical experiments inhumanely. Modern humans have taken measures, such as prohibiting the use of nuclear weapons.

Chemistry has changed human life, with both advantages and disadvantages. Automobile exhaust emissions, air pollution and acid rain warn us that the threat of ozone hole has become the main problem brought by our environmental chemicals.

For our generation, the only task is to learn scientific and cultural knowledge, improve human life, and perhaps in the future, more chemical benefits. There are few shortcomings. second

Chemistry is a natural science, and manpower has a great relationship with life. Chemistry can help people do useful things. Clothing, food, shelter, transportation, use and transformation are everywhere.

Clothing and chemical industry can be said to add warmth to life. Nylon, resin molecules containing ammonium acyloxy bonds, polyester, ethylene glycol, dimethyl terephthalate and other synthetic fibers obtained by chemical methods. There are many similar clothes that enrich people's closets. In food, chemicals are equally important. With baking soda, bread is soft and delicious. Various chemical changes have produced a series of drinking wine, grains and other raw materials. Betel nut is the favorite food of ethnic minorities. Before eating, betel nut must be soaked in hydrated lime and cut into small pieces. Some time before post-consumption.

Because of chemistry, we have colorful decorations in our house. Quick lime water and hydrated lime coating are dried into hard white calcium carbonate and soaked in mature lime. The house covered with khaki is clean and bright. Chemical refining of iron, steel and iron products. Oil, chemical treatment, we can spend light plastic. The chemical calcination of clay makes the house have a beautiful tile surface.

Power supply for chemical reaction traffic facilities. Without the release of heat from fuel combustion, the vehicle cannot be started. Chemical energy is the most primitive source of energy for their actions. When using electricity, we must not forget the great contribution to chemical energy. Now, chemical transportation and life or citizens' travel have played an important role.

Chemistry constantly appears in various activities of people's lives. Detergent phosphorus compounds are widely used in cleaning appliances, textiles, paper making, pesticides and other departments. Burning sulfur-bearing iron ore sulfuric acid as an important chemical raw material. "Aqua regia" tests pure gold. Pickled oxide scale. Gasoline emulsion rubber adhesive. Carve glass with hydrofluoric acid. Foam extinguisher put out the fire. With the pressure of the system and cool drinks, delicious biscuits, carbon dioxide dissolved with baking soda. Remove corrosive drugs that block the pipeline. The chemicals that are often used in life are closely related to life after giving me an example.

Chemistry shines on a demon mirror, and 100 elements are skillfully combined to form the magic and beauty of the world. It separates carbon into beautiful and noble diamonds and cheap flexible graphite into two worlds, playing a joke on people. People will continue to explore and make progress, one of his jokes. Our life will develop into a better future because of it. third

Colorful life inadvertently, people often encounter some perfect combination of chemistry and life. However, people seldom pay attention to subtlety and fun.

You must be familiar with salted fish. Why can fish salt be stored for a long time without corrosion or deterioration? The most important thing is salt. Food spoilage is due to the action of microorganisms. As long as the growth of biological bacteria is controlled, food can be prevented from spoilage. The main salt is sodium chloride, which is electrolyte, but the osmotic pressure of saturated solution is greater than that of non-electrolyte solution (microbial cell protein solution). Semi-permeable membrane (such as membrane) separates the osmotic pressure of solution from that of solution with osmolality of 1, so that solvent molecules can penetrate into the osmotic pressure of larger molecules and smaller molecules. In the presence of salt solution, that is, in the physiological saline solution where water molecules are constantly input into microbial cells, drying leads to cell death and plays an antiseptic role. Sodium chloride not only causes the special situation of seawater, but also has a good performance in the field of corrosion.

Water is the source of life, and the hardness of water has a great relationship with human beings. The combination of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in healthy and high-hardness water makes the water bitter, while SO42- people have gastrointestinal dysfunction, temporary waist expansion, exhaust and diarrhea, which is the secret of "acclimatization".

Understand chemistry and life, and avoid "falling down across diseases".

March 1938, 14, 20 1 1, in the cold city of Sirte, Belgium, a magnificent steel bridge straddled the Albert Canal, and suddenly there was a loud noise, which was folded into several sections in less than a few minutes and jumped into the river. The accident was caused by phosphorus in steel. Phosphorus is one of the harmful elements in steel, and it is easy to destroy the cold brittleness of steel when rolling at room temperature. Although it can improve the hardness of steel, it significantly reduces the ductility and toughness of steel. It can be seen that life requires understanding chemistry.

With the constant change of life, the relationship between chemistry and life is getting bigger and bigger. Always pay attention to one side and focus on chemistry and life contact. Chemical knowledge in daily life

Chemistry is closely related to people's lives, and a lot of chemical knowledge has been accumulated from daily life. This can deepen the understanding of knowledge and improve the interest in learning chemistry.

Salty fish, eggs and vegetables, usually used for seasoning or pickling, are the most used and widely used seasonings and are known as the king of subways. One of the reasons why people eat a certain amount of salt every day (6 grams of salt 15 grams is enough for adults) is that the taste increases, which has two effects on the human body. Na+ mainly exists in extracellular fluid, and important components of osmotic pressure and extracellular fluid volume still exist. The salt concentration in animal blood is constant. Too much salt or not enough loss will increase the excitement. He was weak and trembling, which led to paralysis of animals' hind legs until they died. American scientist Taylor experienced eating salt-free food. At first, he sweated a lot. Five days after the loss of appetite, he was very tired, and he felt muscle pain and stiffness. Later, I lost sleep and my muscles twitched for 89 days. Because of the serious situation, he was forced to terminate the experiment. Of course, if you eat too much salt, the body fluids absorbed by cells will flow back, leaving your body short of water and heat.

Nitrogen in the air is converted into nitrogen compounds, which can be absorbed by plants. This process is called nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen fixation usually exists in nature, and there are two kinds: one is the compound of nitrogen and oxygen in the air. When lightning strikes students, nitric oxide and nitric oxide further combine with oxygen to generate nitrogen dioxide, which is absorbed by water into nitric acid and falls to the ground in the form of rain. Another way of nitrogen fixation is to use rhizobia and rhizobia to make leguminous plants form nodules. Under natural conditions, it is a nitrogen-containing compound, which can use nitrogen in the air for plants. "Growing beans is not fat, or even getting fatter after being buried for several years" is the truth of the matter.

Preserved eggs are the traditional food of our people. Because of its unique flavor, excellent taste and long shelf life, it is deeply loved by people. Do the students know? In fact, processing eggs into preserved eggs is a complex chemical process. Alkali (sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide) of gray compounds penetrates into egg yolk and egg white from eggshell, in which protein causes protein hydrolysis and coagulation, and releases a small amount of hydrogen sulfide gas. The basis of penetration is further decomposed into amino acids and protein reaction, and the salt crystals generated are condensed into beautiful shapes in egg white, like a "preserved" flower. Hydrogen sulfide gas produces egg yolk and egg white of various sulfide minerals, followed by egg white, protein, egg yolk and dark green, which is a special green tea. Salt makes the egg shrink out of the shell, which increases the taste and corrosiveness. Add red lead to cooked eggs to promote the contraction and shelling of eggs. Tea tannins and aromatic oil can coagulate and color protein and increase the flavor of eggs.

Attachment: Knowledge points of life chemistry

First of all, about

Light two candles with different heights and cover them with a beaker. High candle is the first level. Because the temperature of carbon dioxide gas generated is high, it rises from top to bottom, and then the bottle is put, so when there is a fire in the room, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and bend down to escape from the fire area. Forest fires can escape: use a wet towel to cover your escape.

Facing the wind of the nose and mouth, helium and hydrogen filled the balloon to ensure the safety of the celebration.

Carbon monoxide poisoning caused by gas poisoning is an effective way to prevent gas poisoning by paying attention to ventilation and preventing gas leakage. We often have mercaptan (C2H5SH) with special smell. In order to know that gas leaks, open doors and windows in time and close gas valves (lights, telephones, fans, etc.). Can't open it, because these actions will produce sparks, and gas explosion will occur), and it is found that someone should pay attention to moving gas poisoning patients to a ventilated place.

The candle blows out because the cold air lowers the temperature of the candle below the ignition point. The more and more popular fans provide enough oxygen, and the contact area with oxygen increases, so the coal is on fire.

The main component of natural gas from west to east is methane, and the gas of coal mine gas explosion is methane. The reason is that poorly ventilated coal mine gas is mixed with air, and the explosion limit is always there. There is an explosion, so in order to prevent coal mine explosion, ventilation is often maintained, not fireworks.

6 bulbs, often with a small amount of red phosphorus, are mainly used to remove oxygen from the lamps.

In case of fire, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent inhalation of toxic gas. When toxic gases (including chlorine, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia) leak, be sure to cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel and then flee to a higher place. food

Fresh lime fresh eggs, because the carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate exhaled by eggs prevent lime from reacting with the porous surface of eggs and prevent oxidative deterioration.

In order to prevent food from deterioration or deformation due to moisture, nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas is often filled into food bags, desiccant bags, lime and calcium chloride to absorb water, and iron mainly absorbs oxygen and water; Take or vacuum package.

3。 Metallocene gases, mainly carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Adding acid soda ash produced by flour fermentation makes bread porous to produce carbon dioxide.

Pesticide residues in vegetables can be soaked in alkaline substances, which will reduce the efficacy of pesticides.

The astringency of eggs can be removed with a little vinegar.

The refrigerator can use activated carbon to remove odor and adopt activated carbon adsorption. /& gt； Aluminum pot scale (mainly composed of calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide), hydrochloric acid or vinegar removal III. Environmental problems/> Hazards caused by acid rain, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide) emissions: corrosion of buildings, impact on crop growth, pollution of rivers, impact on human health and land acidification. Take measures to reduce acid rain: enter new energy sources, reduce coal as fuel and adopt coal desulfurization technology.

Treatment of CO, NO, SO2 in automobile exhaust gas: changing the engine structure to make the fuel burn fully, and installing a catalytic converter on the exhaust pipe to turn CO and NO into non-toxic nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Control the air pollution of automobile exhaust in cities: (1)(2) Develop new energy sources and use electric vehicles.

Prevention of water pollution:

(1) Strengthen water quality monitoring/>; (2) Industrial wastewater discharge

(3) Rational use of pesticides and fertilizers after treatment.

(4) Prohibit the use of phosphorus-containing detergents.

(5) Strengthen soil and water conservation and greening.

● Irrigation technology, industrial water-saving methods: secondary utilization of water (washing rice and watering flowers), turning off the faucet, and secondary utilization.

greenhouse effect

Due to the use of coal, oil and fuel oil, the content of carbon dioxide in the air is increasing. Adverse effects include: global warming, desertification and melting of polar ice. Measures taken include: planting trees, prohibiting deforestation, reducing the burning of fossil fuels, and using more solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, nuclear energy and hydropower. We can save paper, save energy, plant more trees and turn off the lights at will.