A Brief Introduction to the Battle of Wuzhangyuan in Romance of the Three Kingdoms

In April 229, Sun Quan, the prince of Wu, officially acceded to the throne and proclaimed himself emperor. Most Shu and Han ministers thought Sun Sheng was a tyrant and demanded to sever relations with Soochow. However, Zhuge Liang believes that the main opponent in front of him is Wei. He insisted on forming an alliance with Wu Dong and continued to prepare for the Northern Expedition.

In 23 1 year, Zhuge Liang made his fourth northern expedition and sent troops to Qishan. Wei sent generals Sima Yi and Zhang He to Qishan. Zhuge Liang left some soldiers in Qishan and led the main force to intercept Sima Yi.

Sima Yi knew Zhuge Liang's strategy. He thought Zhuge Liang was alone and didn't bring much rations, so he camped in a dangerous place and told the soldiers to continue fighting.

Thinking that Sima Yi was afraid of Zhuge Liang, General Wei Jun repeatedly called for war, saying, "Are you afraid of the Shu army as much as the tiger? Aren't you afraid of jokes? "

Sima Yi crustily skin of head, led the troops to catch up with Zhuge Liang and was defeated by the Shu army. However, due to the dereliction of duty of the grain transport officials in the rear, the Shu army could not supply grain and grass, so it had to take the initiative to withdraw its troops. Zhang He, the general, ran to the valley around the wooden door and was shot dead by Zhuge Liang's ambush arrows arranged in advance.

Zhuge Liang sent troops several times, often because of the failure of food supply and retreat. He accepted this lesson and designed two kinds of transportation tools, called "Cattle Grazing" and "Liu Ma" (two modified vehicles), and used them to transport the grain to Xiegukou (southwest of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province) for hoarding.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang made full preparations and launched a hundred thousand troops for the last Northern Expedition. He sent messengers to ask Sun Quan to attack at the same time, and the north and the south coordinated, so that Wei was attacked on both sides.

Zhuge Liang's army left Xiegukou and arrived at Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of Wei River. In order to make long-term plans, he sent some soldiers to build camps to prepare for war; Another part of the soldiers were sent to the wasteland of Wuzhangyuan to farm with the locals. The Shu army has strict discipline and the people get along well with the soldiers.

Wei Mingdi sent Sima Yi to lead Wei Jun across the Wei River, and also built camps to resist the Shu army.

After receiving Zhuge Liang's letter, Sun Quan immediately sent troops to attack Wei. Wei Mingdi is also very good. He personally led a large army south to resist the attack of Soochow. At the same time, Sima Yi was informed to stick to it in Wuzhangyuan, and only kept it without fighting.

Zhuge Liang waited for news from Wu Dong, but the result disappointed him: Sun Quan's attack failed. He wanted to have a decisive battle with Wei Jun, but Sima Yi stuck to the camp all the time, and Zhuge Liang repeatedly challenged him to no avail. The two sides were deadlocked there for more than a hundred days.

To get Wei Jun out to fight, we have to find a way to provoke Sima Yi. Zhuge Liang took advantage of the custom of despising women at that time and sent a set of women's clothes to Sima Yi. It means that Sima Yi is so timid and afraid of war, go back and be a "daughter".

When Wei Junbing saw that the master had been teased, he was so angry that he clamored for a decisive battle with the Shu army. Sima Yi knew that this was Zhuge Liang's provocation and was not angry. He comforted the soldiers and said, "Well, I wrote a letter to the emperor asking for permission to fight the Shu army."

A few days later, Wei Mingdi sent a minister to Wei Ying, conveying the order that he was not allowed to play.

Shu soldiers were all disappointed after hearing the news. Only Zhuge Liang understood Sima Yi's intention and said, "Sima Yi wrote a letter for the soldiers. Otherwise, the general will lead the army outside, and there is no reason to fight all the way. "

Zhuge Liang anticipated Sima Yi's psychology, and Sima Yi was also spying on Zhuge Liang. On one occasion, Zhuge Liang sent messengers to Wei Ying to challenge him. Sima Yi received the envoy politely and chatted with him, saying, "Your Premier must be very busy. How have you been recently? How is your appetite? "

The messenger thought that Sima Yi's questions were all polite, so he honestly replied, "The Prime Minister is really busy, and everything in the military camp should be taken care of by himself. He gets up early and goes to bed late. I just have a bad appetite recently and eat very little. "

After the messenger left, Sima Yi said to the left and right soldiers, "Look, Zhu Gekongming eats little and his business is so heavy. How long can he last? "

Sure enough, as Sima Yi expected, Zhuge Liang finally fell ill in the military camp because of overwork.

Liu Chan, the late ruler, learned of Zhuge Liang's illness and sent Li Fu, the minister, to pay his respects to Wuzhangyuan. Li Fook wo Zhuge Liang talked about some military affairs and left.

A few days later, Li Fu came back. He saw Zhuge Liang's illness getting worse and worse and began to cry. Zhuge Liang opened his eyes and said to Li Fu, "I know what you want to ask when you come back. I think the person you want to ask is Jiang Wan. "

Li Fu said, "What the Prime Minister said is. The emperor asked me to ask the Prime Minister who will take over your job if you are in poor health. Then who can succeed Jiang Wan? "

Zhuge Liang said, "Fei Yi can be used instead."

Li Fu wanted to ask more questions, but Zhuge Liang closed his eyes and didn't answer. A few days later, the 54-year-old Prime Minister finally died in the military camp.

According to Zhuge Liang's instructions before his death, the generals of the Shu army did not disclose the news of his death. They wrapped the body in the car and arranged for the orderly evacuation of all parties.

The spies in Wei Ying heard about Zhuge Liang's death and reported it to Sima Yi. Sima Yi immediately led Wei Jun to catch up, just behind.

Wu Zhangyuan, suddenly the flag of the Shu army turned and sounded, and the generals turned and killed it.

Sima yi was surprised, quickly turned his horse's head and ordered to retreat.

Wei Jun, the general of the Shu army, was far away. He took his time and evacuated all the troops safely from Wuzhangyuan.

When this story reached the ears of ordinary people, they made up a song to laugh at Sima Yi, saying, "The dead Zhuge scared away the living Zhong Da (Zhong Da is Sima Yi's word)!"

Sima Yi was not angry when he heard this, and said, "I can only expect Zhuge to live, but how can I expect Zhuge to die!" Later, he personally went to the place where the Shu army camped, observed the position arranged by Zhuge Liang, and said with admiration, "Zhu Gekongming is really a genius in the world!"

Zhang Wu was originally located 20 kilometers south of Qishan County, with a height of more than 20 meters and an area of about 12 square kilometers. It was the last battlefield of Zhuge Liang during the Three Kingdoms period.

Zhang Wu was originally near Qipanshan in the south and Weihe River in the north. The east and west sides are deep ditches washed by the river, and the situation is dangerous. In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his troops from Hanzhong, crossed the Qinling Mountains and entered Wuzhangyuan. I'm new here, and I'm short of food and grass. I'll settle down for training and wait for Wei. Sima Yi, the general of Wei, knew Zhuge Liang's clever plan and stuck to the north bank of Weihe River, not daring to send troops. The two sides held a stalemate in Wuzhangyuan for a hundred days without fighting. Zhuge Liang had to lure Wei Bing to fight in Hulugou, and set fire to break Taniguchi, in order to defeat Wei Sima Yi by surprise, and Wei Jun survived. Zhuge Liang could not help but sigh: "Man proposes, God disposes."

In the autumn of the same year, Zhuge Liang died in the army, and the Shu army was defeated. When Sima Yi entered the place where Zhuge Liang commanded the battle, he saw the danger of the position of the Shu army and exclaimed, "The genius of the world is also." Later generations built a temple here to commemorate this generation of talents. When the Tang Dynasty poet Wen passed through Wuzhangyuan, he said, "Iron horses and clouds are carved to the dust, and willow shadows are pressed against Han Gongchun.". The horn of Kansai War Drum sounded in Hanguguan, and a star landed on the bank of Weihe River. The country next door is empty, and there is no one to help the deer in the Central Plains. If there is no word treasure account, Qiao Zhou will be an old minister from now on.

The five plains are now a farmland, and tourists always want to find the remains and rumors of the ancient battlefield. There is a river bend in the middle of the farmland, which is called Luoxingwan locally, and the village in the bay is called Luoxingbao. According to local folklore, when Zhuge Liang died, a star fell from the sky, hence the name. In those days, the place where Zhuge Liang cultivated land was called Zhuge Tian. At that time, Zhuge Liang left the ruins of the half-meter-high city wall where he took the military account to command the battle. It was about 250 meters long from north to south and nearly 100 meters wide from east to west. The local people named this small castle "Lost in the City". In the south of Holloway, there is a flat stone with checkerboard patterns on it. It is said that Zhuge Liang played chess here in those days, so this mountain was named Qipanshan. Many "Zhuge pots" were found in the soil of Wuzhangyuan, and the handwriting of official script of Han Dynasty was cast on the iron pot.